What is the year of China?

The year of China is another name for the Spring Festival. Because the Spring Festival is the biggest festival in China, Chinese and overseas Chinese all over the world celebrate the Spring Festival, hence the name China Year. The traditional names of the Spring Festival are New Year, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and Lunar New Year, but they are also verbally called New Year's Eve to celebrate New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve. In ancient times, China painted New Year pictures for more than one year (fish), which meant that the beginning of spring in the solar terms was also regarded as the beginning of a year. Later, it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month as the year of the Republic of China, which has continued until now. The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the Spring Festival once referred to beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms, and later it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month (that is, the first day of the first lunar month), which was regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, that is, the beginning of a year. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day, commonly known as the first day of the first month. This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. In the traditional sense, the Spring Festival begins on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, or in La Worship on the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, and ends on the 15th day of the first month (some are the 19th day of the first month). Some places even reach the whole first month, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month as the climax. Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival of Han nationality. During the traditional festival Spring Festival, people will hold various celebrations, most of which focus on offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, offering sacrifices to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, welcoming the new and welcoming the good, and praying for a bumper harvest. Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li, Manchu, Mongolian, etc. There is also the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics. The "China Year" is very popular in the United States. It started in the 1960s, from 65438 to 1909. 65,438+10,000 China road builders not only helped the United States complete the greatest railway project in American history, but also brought the custom of Spring Festival from China. Later, with the increase in the number of immigrants from China to the United States, the "Year of China" was not only popular in the Chinese community, but also familiar to Americans. For example, new york and Maryland make Spring Festival a legal holiday. The Year of China-Spring Festival is paid attention by the mainstream American society, which is the result of the promotion of China's cultural influence and economic influence, that is, soft power and hard power. The Spring Festival (the Year of China) is the main festival to celebrate the New Year in many countries and regions in East Asia. Vietnamese is called "Tt Nguyên án" (New Year) and Japanese is called "the first month" (Note: the Japanese festival "the first month" is similar to the New Year in China, that is, 1. After the Meiji Restoration, it was renamed the old first month. Now, besides China, Korean Peninsula, Viet Nam and Japan, Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China. The word "Spring Festival" has been selected as the largest festival in China, and world record association and China rank first among the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20th, 2006, the folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Edit the festival customs of this paragraph. Generally speaking, the Chinese New Year custom of the Han nationality is to eat rice cakes, jiaozi, Ciba, glutinous rice balls, poached eggs, meatballs, whole fish, wine, oranges, apples, peanuts, melon seeds, sweets, fragrant tea and dishes. With many activities such as dust removal, bedding washing, new year's goods preparation, Spring Festival couplets, New Year's pictures (Zhong Kui, Door God), paper-cutting, stick grilles, blessing characters, lighting candles, lighting fires, setting off firecrackers, observing the New Year, giving lucky money, visiting relatives, sending new year's goods, visiting ancestral graves, visiting flower markets, building social fires, Zhong Kui dances and so on, the family is extremely happy. People in China still have the habit of hanging Chinese knots during the Spring Festival. On the eve of the Lunar New Year, Tianjin people have the custom of inviting Chinese knots to receive Xiang Qiao's blessing at the Qiaoxiang Pavilion, an ancient cultural street. Wenzhou people want to go to their religion, sincerely pray and hope to get happiness with their families in the new year. Mostly Buddhism. Foreigners celebrate the year of China. For thousands of years, people have made the annual custom celebration extremely colorful. Every year from the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month to New Year's Eve, people call this period "Spring Festival" or "Dust Day", which is the traditional habit of our people. Then, every household prepares new year's goods. About ten days before the festival, people were busy shopping. New year's goods include chicken, duck, fish, tea, wine, oil sauce, North and South roasted seeds and nuts, and fruit with sugar bait. They should also prepare some gifts when visiting relatives and friends in the New Year. Children should buy new clothes and hats to wear in the New Year. Before the Chinese New Year, a New Year greeting in red paper and yellow characters should be posted on the door of the house, that is, Spring Festival couplets written in red paper. There are brightly colored and auspicious New Year pictures in the house. Beautiful window grilles are cut out by ingenious girls and pasted on the windows. Red lanterns are hung in front of the door, or images of the god of wealth and the door gods (Zhong Kui, Qin Qiong and Jingdezhen) are pasted upside down. Passers-by are blessed to think about it. All these activities are aimed at adding enough festive atmosphere to the festival. Another name for the Spring Festival is China New Year. In the past legend, "Nian" is a fictional animal, which will bring bad luck to people. New Year's Eve. When the tree is dead, the grass will not grow; After the New Year, everything grows and flowers are everywhere. How to spend a year? Firecrackers are needed, so there is the custom of setting off firecrackers, which is actually another way to set off a lively scene. The Spring Festival is a happy and peaceful festival, and it is also a day for family reunion. Children who are away from home will go home for reunion during the Spring Festival. The night before the Lunar New Year is the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month, also called New Year's Eve and Reunion Night. Celebrating the New Year is one of the most important activities at the turn of the new year. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, got together to drink and enjoy family happiness. In the north, people are used to eating jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Jiaozi's practice is to mix dough first, and the word harmony is harmony. Jiaozi's jiaozi homonym means to get together and to make friends at a young age. In the south, there is a habit of eating rice cakes. The sweet glutinous rice rice cakes symbolize the sweetness of life in the new year, step by step. When the first cock crow rings, or the New Year bell rings, firecrackers are ringing in the street, and noise comes and goes. Everyone is beaming. The new year has begun. Men, women and children wear holiday clothes. First, they pay New Year greetings to their elders. During the festival, they will also give children lucky money, have a reunion dinner, and begin to visit relatives and friends on the second and third days, and say something to congratulate them on their new happiness, their wealth and their wealth. The warm atmosphere of the festival permeates not only every household, but also the streets and alleys around the country. In some markets, there are customs such as Nuo dancing and Zhong Kui dancing, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns, performing social fires, visiting flower markets and temple fairs. During this period, lanterns are all over the city and tourists are all over the streets. It was very lively and unprecedented, and the Spring Festival didn't really end until after the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. During the Spring Festival, setting off firecrackers, posting calligraphy and paintings on doors and windows to pray for blessings and decorating homes are the most common customs of this festival. Set off firecrackers There is a folk proverb in China called "Open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people. Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" says: firecrackers make one year old, and spring breeze warms Tu Su. Thousands of families are dying. Always trade new peaches for old ones. It depicts the grand festival scene of China people celebrating the Spring Festival. Firecrackers are a sign of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and also an expression of festive atmosphere. In ancient times, during the Spring Festival, chickens were painted on doors and windows to drive away ghosts and evil spirits. The book Xuan Zhong Ji written by Jin people mentioned the pheasant on Dushuo Mountain mentioned above, saying that the pheasant crowed when the sun just rose and the first ray of sunshine shone on this big tree. When it crows, chickens all over the world crow with it. Chicken cut during the Spring Festival actually symbolizes pheasant. In ancient mythology, there is also a saying that chickens are deformed birds. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Yao, friends in the past paid tribute to a Chongming bird, which could ward off evil spirits. Everyone welcomes the arrival of Chongming birds every year, but envoys don't come every year. People carve wooden birds, or put them in bronze statues on portals, or draw them on doors and windows to scare off monsters and make them afraid to come again. Because the bird looks like a chicken, it gradually changed to draw a chicken or cut window flowers and stick them on doors and windows, which became the source of paper-cutting art in later generations. China paid special attention to chickens in ancient times and called them "birds with five virtues". "Biography of Korean Poetry" says that a crown on the head is Wende; There is a distance behind the foot to play, which is martial arts; It is brave for the enemy to dare to fight before; It is benevolence to have food to welcome the same kind; Vigilance and dawn are beliefs. Therefore, people not only cut and paste chickens during the Chinese New Year, but also set the first day of the New Year as Chicken Day. During the Spring Festival, there is a custom of keeping doors all over China. At first, the janitor carved mahogany into a human shape and hung it next to people. Later, it was painted as a janitor and posted on the door. The legendary brothers Shen Tu and Lei Yu specialize in ghosts. They guard the portal, so evil spirits dare not enter the portal to do bad things. However, the real historical records are not shentu and Lei Yu, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang Dynasty, the gatekeeper was the "Tang" of Happy Valley, the hometown of Zhong Kui in Anhu County, Shaanxi Province. Zhong Kui, the god of blessing in the town house, was replaced by Qin. The Journey to the West's narrative is more detailed. "Many dragon kings made a dogma in order to bet with a Mr. Bubu, so they should ask questions. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the supervisor. King Jinghe pleaded with Emperor Taizong for his life. Taizong agreed, and when the dragon was cut off, Wei Zhi was called to fight against him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi took a nap in the rain, and his soul ascended to heaven and beheaded the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried outside the palace day and night for his life. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin Baoshu said, "I would like to stand outside with Wei Chijingde and wear a uniform. ".Emperor Taizong agreed. There was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong could not bear the hardships of the two generals, so he ordered the skillful Dan Qing to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door. "There are also paintings by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as door gods. Every household has a door god, and later generations often draw a pair of door gods as martial arts. Door gods are divided into three categories: the first category is "door gods", which are mostly attached to doors or the whole door, about four or five feet high and two or three feet wide. The second kind is the "door keeper", which is attached to the small street door, about two feet high and one foot wide. These two door gods are two gods with a black face and a white face. White left black right, white easy, black evil, each holding a slap in the face. The third category is the "gatekeeper", which is a little smaller and more limited than the street keeper. It is also a black and white Er Shen, but there are also two black and white statues sitting like statues. At most, there is a picture of "Kirin sending a child" posted on the door, and there are two plump pink dolls with comb crowns, each riding a unicorn. This kind of door god should have been stuck on the wedding door for good luck, and later it was also used as a New Year decoration for ordinary street doors. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also called door couplets, Spring Festival couplets, couplets and peach symbols. It depicts the background of the times and expresses good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works. There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. After the Spring Festival, people buy new year's goods "door heart" and stick it in the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is attached to the crossbar of the lintel; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Doufang", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls. While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, etc. On the stick grilles, folks also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and there are also rich holiday decorations and new year pictures for the Spring Festival in urban and rural areas. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperous and joyful festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful. Some New Year pictures workshops have produced classic color New Year pictures, such as Fu Lushou Sanxing, Zhong Kui Town House Blessing, Zhong Kui Calendar, God Bless the People, Harvest of Five Grains, Prosperity of Six Livestock and Welcome to the New Year, to meet people's needs. Sticking a thousand to hang a thousand is to carve auspicious words on red paper and stick them in front of the door with a long ruler and A Zhi, which embodies the symbol of peach. There are eight immortals on it, which are hung in the New Year pictures in front of the Buddha. Multi-purpose hanging thousands of households; Noble families use less; Its yellow paper is three inches long and red paper is more than one inch long, which is a "small hanging thousand" and is used by shops. The earliest thousands of hanging coins were linked by making money (copper coins), which, like lucky money, had an overwhelming victory effect. In the north, some families have to provide a pot of rice, which was cooked for the China New Year many years ago. It's called "annual meal", which means that there are leftovers every year, which can't be eaten all year round, and this year we still eat the grain of the previous year. This bowl of New Year's Eve dinner is usually cooked with rice and millet. As the saying goes in Beijing, it is called "two rice" because it is yellow and white. This is called "golden rice with gold and silver, gold and silver everywhere". Editor's Note: The Internationalized Now Spring Festival in China is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia except China, Korean Peninsula, Vietnam and Japan. Countries around the world warmly celebrate the Year of China. However, in recent years, some Koreans have been protesting that the Spring Festival is called the Year of China in the United States, so that in the Year of the Tiger of 20 10, the current President of the United States turned the Year of China into the Asian Lunar New Year, which was condemned by overseas Chinese and people of insight abroad. Because in Asia, except China, the four places on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are all overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. As for Korean and Vietnamese Spring Festival traditions, they actually originated from China's cultural tradition. China's two neighboring countries used Chinese characters for a long time in history, followed the Confucian tradition and Chinese political system, and even belonged to the vassal countries that paid tribute to China for a long time. Therefore, the Spring Festival belongs to Confucian civilization in the context of civilization and Chinese culture in the cultural connotation. So China's statement is universally acknowledged to be correct! The most worthy of people's gratitude and respect is the current UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who is Korean. He is familiar with China culture and respects history in the Spring Festival Evening. He called every year of 20 10, 2009 and 2008 "the year of China" and sent congratulatory messages to Chinese in China and overseas Chinese all over the world. Ban Ki-moon congratulates overseas Chinese around the world on the Happy Year of China. China New Year is different from the simple carnival of eating, drinking and having fun at Christmas abroad, because the Spring Festival bears more traditional culture and national soul of China, and it represents the splendid side of China. Now, with the continuous improvement of China's soft power and hard power, the Year of China is slowly moving towards internationalization, which has been sought after by people all over the world. More and more people have celebrated the Year of China, and the "flavor of the year" of China is spreading all over the world.