About the early history of America

At the peak of the ice age about 35,000 years ago, most of the world's water was locked in most of the continental ice. This 1500 km wide land bridge connects Asia and North America. By 12000, human beings had spread all over the western hemisphere.

The first Americans crossed the continental bridge from Asia and stayed in Alaska for thousands of years. They later became the Southern Land Movement. They settled in the mountains and deserts in the northwest and southwest along the Pacific Ocean, and the Mississippi River in the midwest.

These early ethnic groups were called Hohokan, Aden, Hopewell and Anasazi. They build villages and grow crops. Some people build mounds in the shape of pyramids, birds or snakes. The elements of nature play a key role in spiritual belief. Although some people have developed a hieroglyph to preserve some characters, their culture is still mainly oral. There is evidence that there is a lot of trade between ethnic groups, but some relations between them are still hostile.

For some unknown reasons, these ethnic groups disappeared for some time and were replaced by other ethnic groups in North America, including the prosperous Hopi and Zuni ethnic groups. When Europeans arrived in what is now the United States, there were about 2 million or more aborigines living here.

The first Europeans to arrive in North America-at least there is reliable evidence that the first Europeans were ancient Norwegians. They traveled from Greenland to the west. In about 985 AD, Eric the Red Head established a colony in Greenland. In 100 1 year, his son Ye Xiaokai was thought to have explored the northeast, which is now Canada. At that time, the remains of Norwegian houses were found in L'Anse aux Meadows in northern Newfoundland.

Almost 500 years later, other Europeans arrived in North America and established permanent colonies. It took 100 years. The first explorers searched for sea routes to Asia. Others-mainly Britain, the Netherlands, France and Spain-later came here and claimed the land and wealth of what they called the "New World".

Among these explorers, the first and most famous is Christopher Columbus from Genoa. His trip was sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain. 1492, Columbus landed on an island in the Caribbean, but he never saw the main land of America in the future. Five years later, john cabot of Venice was entrusted by the British monarch to come here. His journey was soon forgotten, but it provided the basis for Britain to claim North America.

1500 is the age when Spain explored America. Juan Ponce de Leó landed in today's Florida in 15 13, and Hernando de Soto reached the Mississippi River as far as 1539. Francisco Vá zquez de coronado set out from Mexico, which was conquered by Spanish in 1522, looking for the mythical seven cities of Cipolla, but his journey only reached the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains in Arizona.

When the Spanish marched from the south, the north of the United States was gradually rising through the exploration of other Europeans, including Giovanni Daviraka and Jacqui? Cartier and Amerigo Weiss Pucci, the latter was named America.

Becoming the first permanent European colony in the United States was founded by the Spanish in St. Augustine, Florida in the middle of 1500. However, this is not the reason why a new country was founded, but was colonized by more and more immigrants from Europe to colonies along the North Atlantic-Virginia, Massachusetts and new york.

The colonial period

1600 Most people who came to the British colonies were British. Others came from Holland, Sweden, Germany, France, and later Scotland and Northern Ireland. Some people leave their homes to escape war, political oppression, religious persecution or the death penalty. Some servants leave for freedom. Black Africans were sold as slaves and came here in chains.

By the end of 1690, the population will reach 250,000. Less than 10 years later, it has climbed to 2.5 million.

There are many factors to immigrate to the United States, and finally the 13 district was established. The ethnic differences among the three colonial areas are even greater.

The first colonies were established along the Atlantic coast and rivers flowing to the sea. In the northeast, immigrants found that the mountains were covered with trees, and the soil was full of stones left by the melting of glaciers during the ice age, so it was easy to use hydropower to generate electricity. Therefore, "New England"-including Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island-developed an economic system based on wood products, fishing, shipbuilding and trade. The central colonies-including new york and Pennsylvania-had mild climate and varied topography. Industry and agriculture develop here, while society is more diverse and universal. For example, in new york, you can find Bohemians, Danes, Dutch, British, French, Germans, Irish, Italians, Norwegians, Poles, Puerto Ricans, Scots and Swedes. The southern colonies-including Virginia, Georgia and Carolina-have a long growing season and fertile soil, so the economy is dominated by agriculture. There are humble farmers and wealthy aristocratic landlords who own large farms cultivated by African slaves.

The relationship between immigrants and aborigines (known as Indians) is mixed with cooperation and conflict. Some areas have trade and some social exchanges, but generally speaking, when colonists expand their land, Indians are usually forced to move out after being defeated in the war.

The immigration of American colonies was not directly funded by the British government, but by private groups, except that Georgia appeared in the form of a shareholder company or ownership authorized by the king. Some immigrants are strictly ruled by company leaders, but all immigrants will eventually develop into a participatory government based on British legal precedents and traditions.

Years of political chaos in Britain reached its peak in the glorious revolution from 1688 to 1689. The king of James II was deposed, which led to the restriction of the monarchy and more freedom for the people. American colonization benefited from these changes. The colonial conference advocated the rights of local councils, and they took measures to limit the power of the rulers of the royal government and expand their own rights.

In the following decades, the repeated disputes between the Governor and the General Assembly made the colonists realize that the interests of Britain and the United States were increasingly different. The principles and precedents drawn from these disputes became the unwritten constitution of the colony.

First of all, the focus was on autonomy within the Commonwealth, which later became a requirement for independence.

Difference:

1 The United States pays special attention to freedom, while Europe pays special attention to equality.

The United States attaches importance to material things, while Europe attaches importance to spirit.

The United States values hard power, while Europe values soft power.

The United States attaches importance to competition and Europe attaches importance to cooperation.

The United States attaches importance to its own security, while Europe attaches importance to collective security.