The feeling of kneeling to read Walden Lake and the feeling of being lonely for a hundred years

I read most of Walden. To be honest, I can't understand many paragraphs, but the chapters about animals are very interesting and refreshing.

The first animal that attracted people's attention was the rooster, and the most common poultry suddenly looked pitiful in the author's pen. Thoreau, the author, described them as follows: Cocks were originally pheasants, and their crowing was the most beautiful music in the world, surpassing all other animals. Unfortunately, most of the time, their wives and hens make up for the sound gap. No wonder they can only be poultry in the end, let alone chicken legs and eggs. These words can't help but make people desperately want to recall the rooster's morning crow music, and the result is actually at a loss, except for the mechanical "oh-oh" sound from writing. As for hens, I only remember that they "giggle" and keep barking every time after laying eggs.

Why are there so many wild animals in Walden Lake? It seems that the author casually greets them every day. There are familiar ants there, but the ants there are too like soldiers. That ant war really made people dare not underestimate this tiny creature. Lovely poor partridge chicks, they only obey their mothers and their own instincts. Their plump feathered bodies blend with dead leaves and branches and can stay there in the same posture. When a stranger picks it up or steps on it, it still stays still, or looks at you with pure eyes. Of course, the funniest thing is the diving bird that always laughs wildly. When it dives from one end of the lake to the other, it greatly amuses hunters or observers. what is the name of that bird？ A bird that can go deep into the fish at the bottom of the lake.

After all, human beings are also animals, just advanced animals. The author predicts that the result of human progress must be to give up meat, just as barbarians gave up the bad habit of eating people after approaching civilization. I don't know whether humans will give up eating meat one day, but I'm curious about the sound of rabbits. The author said in the book: When the rabbit came to the end, it really cried like a child. What impressed me most about rabbits was that a rabbit ran into a tree trunk, but we didn't see a poor rabbit being chased in our text.

Second,

/kloc-More than 0/60 years ago, an American named David Thoreau lived in seclusion by Walden Lake for three years, built a hut by himself, fished, cultivated, meditated and wrote, and finally gave birth to a great collection of essays, Walden Lake, which deeply influenced a generation and was told by many great people. Today, this book is still radiant and far-reaching. This book has also been selected by the Library of Congress as "25 books to shape readers".

This book was written in the middle of19th century, which is the period of rapid development of capitalism. Under the historical background at that time, the author was so maverick and embarked on such an extraordinary journey with a simple and innocent heart. This kind of courage and courage is admirable, and what impressed me even more is Thoreau's pure thought that is not polluted by secular atmosphere! This kind of clear thinking is like a fresh breeze blowing through the hearts of all those who have read this book, which can not help but make people feel relaxed and happy. He wants people to understand that in addition to pursuing material life, there is another life in this world, that is, a simple life, which can bring great happiness! Material life is really attractive. With money, you can do whatever you want. There are gorgeous villas, high-class private cars, sumptuous meals, dazzling clothes and jewels, and so on. Therefore, people are always pursuing wealth. After having considerable money, they want more and more, and there is no end. He won't realize what role he plays in life until he is old. This reminds me of a story. A fisherman lives by fishing all day. He only catches a few fish every day for one day, and then enjoys the sunshine by the sea. One day, a rich man saw him sunbathing lazily and went over to criticize the fisherman for being lazy. The rich man said, "Why don't you engage in aquaculture?" How much money you can earn in a few years! "The fisherman said," Why do you earn so much money? "The rich man said," In this case, you don't have to go fishing every day! "The fisherman asked," What should I do every day if I don't go fishing at sea? " The rich man looked very proud and said, "You can bask in the sun leisurely all day!" " The fisherman said, "I am enjoying the sunshine at leisure now." Rich people are speechless.

Generally speaking, I think only the orientals are willing to live in seclusion. Now I even doubt whether there are such hermits in the East, as if such figures can only live in distant ancient times. I often think so. If I lived in ancient times, I would like to live in the mountains, with hundreds of mountains without birds, thousands of paths without footprints, a boat, a bamboo cloak and an old man fishing in the cold river snow. The mountains are lush, the paths are vague, the mountains and lakes are quiet, the purple fog is pervasive, the boat is lonely and the river is cold, and the snow and ice are falling. It is fascinating to think about it! However, do people who can live this life carefree really exist? Ancient hermits were mostly literati who were frustrated in officialdom. How can ordinary people have this luxury? Everyone in the family, old and young, can leave them alone and wander the rivers and lakes with their own temperament! Obviously not, so seclusion is really unrealistic, whether in ancient times or today. David Thoreau, the author of Walden, lived in the mountains for three years before rejoining the WTO. Even so, this experience is precious. Who can spend three years trying this simple life and burning their brains with interest?

Harding once said that Walden is rich in content and has far-reaching influence. It is an authoritative guide to simple life, a true description of nature, a crusade against the money society, a literary masterpiece handed down from generation to generation and a sacred book. Walden

Thoreau's love for Walden Lake, his love for the cabin, his love for the forest, his love for the small animals in the forest, and his love for all things in nature are all between the lines. How romantic! When reading this book, I often try to put myself in Thoreau's position. I think I lived sincerely at that time. Everything in the book is so natural without affectation and affectation. The so-called spiritual purification refers to this! What is even more impressive is that every time you read it, you will have a brand-new feeling. Plain sentences contain the deepest philosophical thoughts, and many places need to be read repeatedly to realize the richness of feelings!

"I am proud that a visitor used a yellow walnut leaf as a business card and wrote some poems by Spencer on it. I regard it as my humble inscription:

People come here and enrich the hut.

No extra entertainment is needed;

Rest is a feast, and everything goes with the flow.

The noblest mind is the most satisfied. "

"I hope that when our farmers cut down a forest, they can feel the awe that the ancient Romans felt when they thinned the trees in a sacred forest to make them light, because they felt that the forest belonged to some gods."

"A thousand people are cutting down evil branches, but only one person is cutting down the root of evil."

"I like to have leisure in my life. Sometimes, on a summer morning, after taking a bath as usual, I sit in front of the sunny door, sitting in this forest of pine trees, hickory trees and lacquer trees from sunrise on a red day to sunny noon, sitting in the loneliness and silence away from the hubbub and meditating. "

"The so-called tomorrow, even if the time ends, will never come. The light that blinds us is darkness to us. When we wake up, the dawn is coming. The road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward, and the sun is just the morning star. "

Although we can't appreciate Thoreau's lonely mountain life, although Walden Lake has disappeared forever, all this can't stop us from having a clear Walden Lake in our hearts, which can always wash our hearts. Thoreau said, explore your heart!

Have you ever heard the sound of butterflies?

After reading three chapters of Walden, I especially envy Thoreau. He can enjoy the sounds of nature in the quiet world near Walden Lake: sweet cows singing, sad owls singing, intermittent nightingales serenading, watching the sun drying furniture, osprey catching fish, carefree, integrated with nature, I can't help but feel that he is actually in nature.

I haven't heard of animals for a long time, and pets are not allowed in the school. Modern life is too noisy, the canteen is very noisy, and I feel temporarily deaf every time I come out after eating. The air conditioner in the library has been buzzing, and there are all kinds of cell phone ringtones. There are too many lovers in Wenshan Lake, and their whispers completely drown out the chirping of the few remaining bugs. It's hard for me to find a place where I can hear the sounds of nature, except outside school. There are so many people in the street, and everyone is talking in such a hurry and excitement that I feel like I'm drowning in everyone's saliva. And those motor vehicles that keep spraying black smoke and sighing recklessly make people dizzy. I don't mean to complain about the bad life, but sometimes I feel sad. When I want to find a place to calm down and think, I am really depressed. Hide under the covers and comfort yourself that everything will be fine when you wake up. My roommate's keyboard crackled, and then I looked at the ceiling in a daze ... There were too many voices in our life, as if only the sounds of nature were missing.

Thoreau said that reading alone is not enough. Even if it is a classic, we should read Nature, which can greatly prolong our life. Listening to nature is the most important way to interpret nature. It's a pity that we seldom have a chance to listen carefully. There are objective reasons as well as subjective reasons. The objective reason is that the city I mentioned above is too noisy to accommodate creatures other than us humans and cats and dogs with tails between their legs. The most important thing is subjective reasons. We are too busy. I met a friend on the Internet the other day and asked him what he was up to recently. He replied that he was busy with exams, work, quarreling with others and playing games. In short, he is extremely busy. His answer is very representative. I believe most people have been busy for so many days. Maybe we don't know what we are busy with until the day we die. We watched others rise with red eyes, but we didn't see the quiet mountains. We listened to the reprimand of leaders, the nagging of women and the noise of children, but we couldn't hear the gurgling streams in the mountains.

Listening to the voice of nature is not a waste of life, but a prolongation and enrichment of life. Recently, I came across an article entitled "Have you ever heard the sound of butterflies". Never heard of it, but bees have heard of it in their hometown. The author said that he caught a butterfly in the country and held it in his hand. Butterflies struggle. He put his hand to his ear and let it go. Suddenly, he heard a faint sigh from the butterfly. The author shed tears of surprise. It turns out that there are so many things in nature that he doesn't know yet. I also suddenly feel very sad, what is life for, what I have gained, but I have lost so much.

Enjoy solitude

Thoreau said that loneliness is not measured by the distance between people. I think this statement is very good and points out the truth of life. A person who talks to people every day, attends various cocktail parties and seems to be close to everyone may be lonely; A person who is alone every day is not necessarily lonely and depressed to death. Loneliness is a very spiritual thing, and spiritual things must be solved by spirit. Only by constantly thinking can people really get rid of loneliness. Or if you think thoroughly and have a spiritual sustenance, you won't be lonely. Thoreau thought deeply and accepted loneliness. He said that his loneliness was nothing compared with the distance between the stars.

Beneath the text, I think Thoreau supported another writer's words-that man was born lonely. Everyone is an independent ideological body, and even close lovers who live together day and night can't really enter our world. Saying that soul mates are just deceiving themselves. Zhou said there are two kinds of loneliness. The soul can't find its own source and destination, and feels that it is an unfounded contingency in the vast universe. This is an absolute, metaphysical and philosophical loneliness. A soul finds another soul and feels like a wanderer without a partner in the world. This is a kind of relative, physical and social loneliness. Since loneliness is human destiny, denying it, avoiding it and deliberately interacting with people will become lonely. As Thoreau said, we live too crowded, interfere with each other, lose respect for each other, and even lose that kind of self-deception understanding, which is even more lonely. It is better to accept it frankly, enjoy loneliness and enjoy the dialogue with yourself and nature. If you can't keep calm on a stormy night like Thoreau, it's okay to be Tagore-style lonely: I'd rather sit in the corner where the wall and shadow meet, which is very poetic loneliness.

In the development of Latin American literature for more than 100 years, there have been many different schools: Chilean poet Nie Luda's thinking about human nature and Venezuelan writer Caspar's admiration for the virtue of natural harmony have deeply infected people. Garcí a Má rquez, a famous Colombian writer, created a school of magical realism literature with his magical thinking and narration of the real world, and the author won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

At the beginning of reading One Hundred Years of Solitude, we will find two strange places in the work. First, most of the stories told in the book are absurd; The second is the repetition of names and the same strange things in the works. In real life, it can't be raining for more than four years. It is impossible for an old priest to float in the air with a sip of cocoa tea, and the dead will not return to the world because they can't stand loneliness. But it all happened around this family. What is even more surprising is that in this family that lasted for more than 100 years in the book, men are either called Acadia or Aureliano. From the first generation founder of the family to the last guardian of the family, various strange things happen repeatedly in the family. It is not difficult to find out what this symbolizes by contacting the author's creative age and living environment.

Latin America, this vast land, contains infinite mystery and created brilliant ancient civilization, but the modern history of Latin America is full of shame and oppression, blood and tragedy. From the middle of19th century to the 1970s, this mysterious land experienced a hundred years of changes. In the 1970s, when the author wrote, almost all of Latin America was under military dictatorship. With his profound political insights and keen insight, the author found that the history of Latin America for more than 100 years is not a wave-like progress and spiral rise, but just a repeated cycle. That's why the people in the book are always repeating those things.

In One Hundred Years of Solitude, the author describes in absurd language the hardships of starting a business, the emergence of civilization, reproduction and survival, love and betrayal, glory and dreams, the emergence of capitalism, the outbreak of civil war, the entry of monopoly capitalism, the dispute between democracy and * * * and a series of major events that can affect Latin America, but they are concentrated in a small village called Magondeau. Every member of the Buendia family is deeply involved. At the end of the story. Aureliano, the last guardian of the family, looked at the scroll recording the fate of this century-old family and said, "I have seen everything in it and I have known it for a long time!" " "It is through this summative figure that the author expressed his views on the history of Latin America in the past hundred years, that is, the history of Latin America in modern times has been repeated for more than a hundred years, and the development and historical process of Latin America have stagnated.

Buendia Sr, the founder of the family, and his wife ursula led their relatives and friends through hardships to a vast new world. At that time, this virgin land had not been named, and the owner of this new continent never thought of establishing a ruler to manage it. They live a life similar to self-sufficiency. They have experienced the hardships of starting a business and the joy of harvesting. They brought civilization to this land and named it Magondeau. But with the passage of time, old Buendia gradually lost his curiosity and courage to explore the unknown. Not only because of his premonition, but also because of simple meaningless behavior, old Buendia began to make metal goldfish in his laboratory, but he melted them every twenty times. This symbolizes that the modern history of Magondeau, and even Latin America, which he initiated, has fallen into a cycle from the beginning.

Acadia and Aureliano are the second generation of the family, but these two people took the opposite path. Acadia went to sea with the circus when he was a child and never returned for more than ten years; Aureliano, on the other hand, embarked on the road of being a soldier and set off a civil war that almost spread to the whole country. The cause of the civil war is that the government will forcibly manage Magondeau, a "paradise". This symbolizes that the resistance to oppression began after the beginning of civilization. Colonel Aureliano of Buendia in the book is a man with legendary experience. He led his men through countless battles and finally got the government to sit across the negotiating table. But the peace he fought for was soon buried in the hands of the next generation. When he found out all this, he was old. He intended to fight for the freedom of the people again, but found himself exhausted. Finally, he also fell into the strange circle of burning goldfish.

It is passed down from generation to generation in the family. Members of the American generation have experienced choppy times in the long river of history and are getting older. The third generation Acadia witnessed the rise of monopoly capital and the cruelty of exploitation. After that, Aureliano witnessed the final and short-term prosperity of self-sufficient agriculture in this virgin land. Primitive prosperity soon ended, replaced by the invasion of monopoly capitalism and the demise of self-sufficiency. When the men of the family died one after another, the century-old family quickly fell into decline, until Aureliano, the last guardian of the family, discovered in the sheepskin scroll that all this was just the inevitable fate of the family and a cycle that could never be missed, and then suddenly realized. And this century-old family has finally disappeared completely in this world and will never appear again.

Another person who runs through the family is Ursula. She has never read the sheepskin scroll, but she is far more prescient than anyone else. Long before the sheepskin book was deciphered, she said to herself, "I have seen these things for a long time, and I have known them for a long time." What does this wise man symbolize? Do ordinary people have eternal wisdom, or is it the true meaning of historical cycle? Only the author knows.

One Hundred Years of Solitude is an interesting work. It has no magnificent plot, and the development of the story is even more confusing. After reading him, you can feel the author's repetition of history. Reflection on the loneliness of Latin America for a hundred years. I can't help being immersed in it. I think this is why this work is so charming!

The gang to which Marquez belongs is called magical realism, and One Hundred Years of Solitude is his masterpiece.

1, historical background

The colonization of western imperialism reached its peak in the19th century. Due to economic competition and the lack of new colonies, two world wars broke out one after another, which greatly weakened the strength of imperialism, and the colonial and semi-colonial people gradually learned new science and technology and management concepts. After World War II, the colonies became independent one after another.

But when we turn to the history of America, we will find that it is different. America has been a European colony since the16th century, but because they came into contact with new knowledge earlier, they became independent earlier. The first independent country immigrated to the United States, and then Haiti. Under the leadership of Bolí var and San Martin, most countries in Latin America gained independence in the19th century.

But this kind of independence is limited, and most countries' economies are not independent, and this situation has not been greatly improved so far. And politically, white people are basically the ruling class. Therefore, when the strength of imperialism is damaged and the revolutionary wave is surging, intellectuals in Latin American countries are infected and call for revolution, but what they want more is economic independence and political democracy. The cultural response to these demands must be nationalization in form and realism in expression.

2. What kind of magic?

Magic realism was crowned by the West with the right to speak. Therefore, whether they really belong to magic is debatable. Colonial culture is a kind of mixed-blood culture, so nationalization can't be inclined to the white culture of colonists, and we can only find the root of culture from Indian culture. Unfortunately, from a modern point of view, Indian culture has nothing to learn from and be proud of (I disagree with this view). We can learn from some superstitions and myths in India, which are equivalent to fox fairy tales in our country. Does this thing have magic? I don't know.

The magical expression of magical realism is deeply rooted in Indian culture, not imagination, and the close relationship between superstition and rumors and life is also deeply rooted in the lives of Indian farmers. Therefore, the feeling that is novel to us is just the normal state of some people on earth.

Of course, art is a concentrated life.

3. What kind of reality?

The wishes of intellectuals are often beautiful, but the reality is always sad. One Hundred Years of Solitude reflects the numbness of the poor in Latin America and a whipping of awakening life. Dissatisfaction with social reality, especially with tyranny. It's just a formal magic, lacking realistic soil, and this book won't have such a high status. At best, it's just a Latin American version of Harry Potter. But reality is much more cruel than realism.

Due to economic independence, after the national democratic revolution was basically realized in the world, the democratic revolution in Latin American countries failed one after another. Allende's short reign and the chaotic management of the Longfa regime show that the Latin American revolution lacked a group of middle-class intellectuals who knew the revolutionary line and had management experience.

4. Future prospects

Now magical realism has declined. The new generation of writers is a generation that eats McDonald's, drinks Coca-Cola and listens to rock music. They are more modern, but none of them have the world influence like Nie Luda and Marquez. History is developing in a spiral, and the opportunity of nationalization is buried at the peak of world integration. The premise of revolution is the awakening of the nation, which depends on the criticism of old ideas and the birth of new ideas, but the birth of new ideas often needs to learn from old ideas. Only the national is the world, and only when it is rooted in the people will the works have vitality. Magic realism may not have tomorrow, but new magic realism will have tomorrow.

Reminds me of someone unknown in China: Ernesto Guevara. Argentina is his motherland.

He was worshipped by many people in the west, and the photos he took after his sacrifice were regarded as the crucifixion of Jesus. So far, many young people have printed his head on T-shirts. He has also been to China.

He participated in the Cuban revolution and was on the cover of Time magazine, which said he was the brain of Cuba. He has made outstanding contributions to the construction of Cuba.

He is a real proletarian revolutionary. He said, "The rest of the world needs me to give my meager strength. . . . It's time we broke up. My mood at the moment is mixed with sadness and joy: here, I have left my greatest hope as an entrepreneur, my dearest person … and people who regard me as a son; This makes me feel deep pain inside. I will take these things to a new battlefield. . The mood of fulfilling my most sacred duty: where there is imperialism, resist it; All this is enough to inspire people and heal any wounds. "

So he continued to fight in Africa, Congo and Bolivia and died for his ideal. When he died, his face was haggard, like the crucifixion of Jesus. . . As a result, hundreds of millions of hearts around the world have been aroused and suffering faces have been remembered.

As for me, I only read him once, but I deeply remember him. . . . Perhaps this is the true epic of a nation that has been lonely for a hundred years?

The photo of ernesto guevara in Time magazine is one of the classic works of photography. I once stared at him for a long time and felt his strength.

Colonel Aureliano was also an idealist, and finally found that the struggle in life seemed meaningless. Peaceful coexistence is the essence of human beings in this world. Once the times do not belong to them, they will have the revolutionary impulse.

But Aureliano is a great man, a real great man. In him, you can make desperate contributions to your career and human feelings. This kind of emotional madness seems to be the result of reason. His morality is based on his ideals, so he has also achieved his great career. As Jack London said: Morality is meaningless in the cruel competition. He is not a secular person, but WuSu Na. This so-called great mother represents a healthy human mind, but she can't understand her son except admiration, because her world has no fighting and ideals, only her efforts and dedication. ).

I have a little understanding of the limitations of human beings, which reminds me of a point in the Bible: only God is omnipotent, and human beings are just poor, thinking that their own hands can change the world, and we will never understand until we die, how insignificant and ridiculous the little pride given to us by our own discovery and creation is in God's wisdom. As a result, nothing has changed, we are just tossing in our own world.

Maybe god is like this, just joking with everything in the world.

Loneliness is close to God. When Rebecca chose her brother, she already thought that spirit had no practical function except pain. She tore morality and vented her long-term depression to the extreme. But in the end, she still wanted to miss her first love, and I didn't feel sympathy from the author's words, just laughed it off and ignored it. Rebecca's loneliness lies in that she seems to live only in the extreme of sensuality and spirit, and her existence is a disaster. It seems that only by constantly eating dirt can she put her own.

Writing essays is not a rigorous paper, but my opinion, which is not comprehensive. When I think about the people I'm entangled with, I feel a little.