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Guide for environmental assessment of coal mines
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Planning environmental impact report should be concise, illustrated, detailed data, clear arguments, sufficient arguments and clear and accurate conclusions.
(2) Basic content
The report includes at least nine aspects: general rules, outline of proposed planning, description of environmental status, analysis and evaluation of environmental impact, recommended scheme and mitigation measures, expert consultation and public participation, monitoring and follow-up evaluation, difficulties and uncertainties, and implementation summary.
(3) General principles
The general part can generally include the following contents:
General background of (1) planning;
(2) Environmental protection policies, objectives and standards related to planning;
(3) environmental impact identification (table);
(4) Evaluation scope, environmental objectives and evaluation indicators;
(5) Impact prediction and evaluation methods applicable to the planning level.
(d) planning overview and analysis
The overview and analysis of the plan include the following contents:
(1) planned socio-economic goals and environmental protection goals (and/or sustainable development goals);
(2) Analysis of the relationship and consistency between planning and superior planning (or construction project):
(3) Analysis of the relationship and coordination between planning objectives and other planning objectives and environmental protection planning objectives;
(4) Summary of feasible planning (alternative) schemes that meet the requirements of planning objectives and environmental objectives.
(v) Analysis of the current environmental situation
The analysis of environmental status quo includes the following contents:
(1) Overview of environmental investigation;
(2) Summarize the major environmental problems of the region/industry involved in planning and their historical evolution, and predict the environmental development trend without planning;
(3) For environmentally sensitive areas and/or sensitive environmental problems, list the key factors or conditions that may restrict the planning and development goals in a one-to-one correspondence form;
(4) Regional and/or industrial sectors that may be affected by the implementation of the plan.
(vi) Environmental impact analysis and assessment
Emphasis should be placed on the analysis and assessment of major environmental impacts. Describe the identified and predicted major environmental impacts according to environmental themes (such as biodiversity, population, health, animals and plants, soil, water, air, climate factors, mineral resources, cultural heritage and natural landscape); Corresponding to different planning schemes or different scenarios, the direct impact, indirect impact and cumulative impact mainly identified and predicted are described respectively; When describing the environmental impact, explain the impact of different regional scales (local, regional and global) and different time scales (short-term and long-term): compare the possible environmental impacts caused by different planning schemes, including the comparison of environmental objectives, environmental quality and/or sustainability.
(7) Planning scheme and mitigation measures
Describe the planning schemes that meet the planning objectives and environmental objectives, and outline the main environmental impacts of each scheme, as well as the protection countermeasures and measures for the main environmental impacts, the planning constraints, and the phased objectives and indicators for implementing mitigation measures; Comprehensive review of feasible planning schemes in various environments; Recommend environmentally feasible planning schemes for relevant departments to make decisions, as well as alternative schemes; Concluding comments and suggestions on planning.
(8) Monitoring and follow-up evaluation
Put forward the requirements for the next level planning and/or project environmental assessment, and the monitoring and tracking plan.
(9) Public participation
Including: general situation of public participation: an overview of public opinions and suggestions collected by experts related to EIA; Implementation of expert consultation and public opinions and suggestions.
⑽ Difficulties and uncertainties
This paper summarizes the difficulties and uncertainties encountered in editing and analyzing information used in environmental assessment, and their possible impact on the planning process.
Because planning is in the middle and high end of the decision-making chain, it is closely related to other policies, plans and plans, involving many factors such as society, economy and environment, so it is frequently adjusted. These factors should be fully considered in the planning EIA report.
The following are examples of problems and uncertainties in the environmental impact assessment of hydropower planning in the main stream of Muli River.
Example: Problems and Uncertainty in Environmental Assessment of Hydropower Planning in Muli River Main Stream
(1) Uncertainty of project construction content.
Affected by the design progress and depth, many contents related to the project, especially the specific number and layout of slag yards and storage yards closely related to the environmental impact, construction roads, the generation of "three wastes" during construction, and the specific destination and mode of resettlement, have not been determined, so it is difficult to quantitatively analyze and predict various impacts.
(2) the uncertainty of the overall planning of river basin.
The scope of this planning is only the Shangtongba-Abdi reach in Muli County, and the hydropower planning of the whole Muli River basin has not been completely completed, so the overlapping influence of hydropower planning in Litang County upstream is not considered in this evaluation.
(3) The river reach and discharge decrease.
In the planning stage, part of the ecological discharge flow has also been preliminarily determined, but in the individual work, it should be studied and further implemented in combination with the distribution of branch ditches in the interval to ensure the requirements of discharging ecological water, so as to weaken the impact of water reduction.
(4) Environmental impact assessment of river basin planning is not mature enough.
So far, there is no mature evaluation method and index system for watershed environmental impact assessment, and there is no mature experience for reference. Limited by knowledge, experience and relevant data, there will be some immature places, which need to be further implemented and improved in the next stage of individual project EIA.
(1 1) Executive Summary
Briefly explain the planning background, main objectives, evaluation process, present situation of environmental resources, predicted environmental impact, recommended planning scheme and mitigation measures, main findings and treatment results of public participation, and overall evaluation conclusion in non-technical words.
The main purpose of writing the executive summary is to make it easier for non-professionals such as decision makers and the public to understand the contents of the report.
The following is an example of the implementation summary of environmental impact assessment of Tarim River planning.
Example: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment of Tarim River Planning
(1) Planning background and main objectives
(2) Evaluation process (preparation process of evaluation documents)
(3) Present situation of environmental resources (general situation of surface water resources, general situation of land resources in river basins and general conclusion)
(4) Expected environmental impact
(1) water environmental impact.
According to the requirements of the recent comprehensive management plan, all sources and streams can ensure the water supply of the main stream of Tarim River; Under the average situation for many years, the water discharge below the Daxihaizi section of the main stream of Tarim River is 3.5× 103m3, which flows to taitema lake. In order to ensure the ecological benefits of the discharged water, a seasonal water surface with an area of about 20km2 can be formed in taitema lake.
After the implementation of various control projects in the comprehensive control plan, no new pollution sources will enter the river, which will not have obvious adverse effects on the water quality of the water source.
② Impact on ecological environment.
The implementation of the planning scheme, due to the construction of controlled water conservancy projects in mountainous areas, the reconstruction and abandonment of plain reservoirs, and the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests in the main stream of Tarim River, has changed the land use status in some areas of the basin, but the heterogeneity of the whole Tarim River basin has not fundamentally changed. Therefore, the implementation of the planning scheme has little influence on the stability of the natural system, and the stability and restoration stability of the natural system in the basin have been enhanced. The implementation of the planning scheme has a great positive impact on the ecological environment.
The dike construction of large and small lakes will not completely block the biological connection between large and small lakes, and the detailed environmental impact problems should be evaluated through the environmental impact assessment of individual projects.
③ Impact on social environment.
The implementation of the comprehensive management planning project in the near future is helpful to improve the agricultural production conditions in the irrigation area of the basin and promote the sustainable development of the basin.
The resettlement direction of farmland fence project in Aksu area in the upper reaches of Tarim River is suitable, but it is not suitable in Bazhou area in the middle reaches and should be adjusted.
(5) See Table 8-4 for the changes of basin environmental assessment index system before and after the implementation of the planning scheme (omitted for other basins).
(6) Adjustment and mitigation measures of planning scheme
① Adjustment of planning scheme:
The abandoned work of Pingyuan reservoir has not been put into planning, and there are environmental problems such as soil erosion and land desertification. Therefore, it is suggested that the research on the implementation scheme of reservoir abandonment should be carried out as soon as possible, the protective measures of reservoir plate should be refined, and the corresponding investment should be increased to avoid new environmental problems.
In the process of resettlement in the middle reaches of Tarim River, land needs to be reclaimed to meet the needs of resettlement production, so the resettlement direction is not suitable, and the resettlement area should be adjusted and re-selected. In the process of selecting resettlement area, we should adhere to the principle that the existing cultivated land should be adjusted for resettlement of production land, and the number of resettlement people should not exceed the carrying capacity of resettlement area.
Table 8-4 Changes of Evaluation Index System
Note: The data before and after the implementation of the planning scheme is P = 50% hydrological year.
② Mitigation measures:
◇ Management measures;
◇ Measures to ensure water supply for the main stream of Tarim River in the source area;
Environmental protection measures for dikes in large and small lakes;
Influence on Populus euphratica forest reserve and its countermeasures;
Ecological Restoration Measures of Daxihaizi-taitema lake Green Corridor in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River;
◇ Water quality protection measures for the main stream of Tarim River;
Environmental protection measures for returning farmland;
Environmental protection measures for abandoned reservoirs;
Environmental protection measures for resettlement.
(7) Main opinions and treatment results of public participation After investigation, the main opinions of the public are: implement as soon as possible; It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and analysis in the process of planning implementation, and put forward the modification measures of the planning scheme according to the actual situation; Strengthen the unified management of water resources during and after the implementation of the plan; Unify the prices of surface water and groundwater and encourage the use of groundwater; Correctly handle the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits during and after the implementation of the plan, avoid being driven by local, departmental and personal interests, re-enter the agricultural irrigation system, and fail to ensure the water supply of Tarim River.
The opinions and suggestions of public participation have been timely fed back to Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Administration, which will classify the opinions and suggestions put forward by the public in the near future as a reference for planning scheme adjustment and construction project design.
(8) Overall Evaluation Conclusion The recent comprehensive management planning of Tarim River Basin is a systematic project. In order to achieve the goal of increasing the water supply of the main stream of Tarim River and improving the ecological environment in the lower reaches of Tahe River, the source stream and the comprehensive management plan of the main stream complement each other and are indispensable.
In order to achieve the goal of improving the ecological environment of the main stream of Tarim River, the water-saving reconstruction project in the source irrigation area is the basis for reducing river diversion, increasing groundwater is an effective supplement to the water resources in the basin, and river regulation is the condition for delivering water to Tahe River. In the main stream basin of Tarim River, the closure of farmland and water-saving renovation of irrigation areas are the prerequisites for increasing the ecological water delivery to the downstream, and river regulation projects such as dike construction are the conditions for ensuring the river delivery to the downstream. Withdrawing from agricultural irrigation through Daxihaizi Reservoir is the guarantee for transporting ecological water to Taitema Lake.
Through analysis, it is considered that the layout of various comprehensive management planning projects in the source area and the main stream area is basically reasonable.
In order to ensure the goal of improving the ecological environment in the lower reaches of the main stream of Tarim River, the construction of controlled water conservancy projects in mountainous areas and water-saving reconstruction projects in irrigation areas should be carried out as soon as possible.
After the implementation of the recent comprehensive management plan for the Tarim River basin, it will have an impact on the water environment, ecological environment and social environment of the basin, which is embodied in the following aspects: increasing the diversion of water from the source stream to the main stream, and releasing 350 million m3 of water from the lower section of Daxihaizi to taitema lake; On the premise of reasonable protection of the ecological environment in the source area and the upper and middle reaches of the main stream, the green corridor in the lower reaches of Tarim River will be initially restored and improved; Improve the basic irrigation conditions, improve the utilization rate of water resources, and promote the sustainable development of irrigation areas.
Resettlement of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the middle reaches of Tarim River needs reclamation to solve the production land, which does not meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the resettlement method and area should be adjusted.
It is found in this evaluation that the interpretation area of satellite photos is larger than the statistical area of comprehensive management in all source basins except the main stream, that is, there may be a problem of "black land". Put an end to the further expansion of the irrigation area in the river basin, seriously carry out the environmental impact assessment of individual projects, formulate and implement various environmental protection measures and environmental monitoring plans, and strengthen the management and supervision of environmental protection on the premise of ensuring the drainage of rivers according to the planning requirements.
From the point of view of environmental protection, this plan is feasible.
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