A cultural paper on wine

In the west, wine is an important alcoholic beverage. The following are the articles related to wine culture papers I collected for you. I hope I can help you. If you feel good, you can share it with more friends!

1 France is considered as the representative country of top wines. French romantic atmosphere, unique and diverse climate and soil, more than 2,000-year-old wine-making technology and strict regulations on the management of legal producing areas (controlled naming of origin) enable France to provide excellent wines with different styles. It is worth mentioning that both the French wine-making technology and the management regulations of Bordeux Nice Dijon have long been accepted and imitated by other wine-producing countries in the world and become models.

In France, wine is not just a drink, it has been integrated into the life and culture of the French people and become an inseparable part. As early as Rome, wine was brewed, and some rare grape varieties grew well because of the unique natural conditions. Only France reached the best state. French vineyards cover almost two-thirds of the country.

/kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, the French began to institutionalize the cultivation and production of wine. The World Expo was held in Paris on 1855, when Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte was still in Paris. He wants to use the opportunity of the World Expo to promote Bordeaux wines to the whole world, and he also has the idea of exhibiting all the wines from all over the country. Therefore, he asked the Bordeaux Wine Chamber to prepare an exhibition to introduce Bordeaux wines and classify Bordeaux wineries. The Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce instructed the Wine Brokers Association to draw up a classification table and divide all wineries into five grades. Later, the Graf region and Saint Emilion region were also divided into wineries in the middle of last century, but they were not divided into five grades like the Medoc region. All wineries that enter the classification are called columnar wineries, and the words GrandCruClasse can be seen on the wine label.

As early as 1855, France had a mature wine grading system. * * * There are four levels: legal, excellent, regional and daily. Among them, the wine from legal producing areas has the highest grade, referred to as "AOC", accounting for 35% of the total output, and the price of this grade of wine is very expensive. There are many controversies about the classification of 1855. However, the classification of 1855 not only shows the classification of Bordeaux wine producing areas, but also reflects the historical origin, wine trade and winery situation of the region, which has been deeply rooted in the hearts of wine lovers all over the world. At that time, the classification model showed that almost all the grade gardens came from Medoc, and all the selected wineries were concentrated in the left bank of Bordeaux. Therefore, this classification system has considerable limitations, which is of course closely related to the geographical advantages of Bordeaux on the left bank, which is close to the Kirundo River and leads to other areas on the other side of the Atlantic.

Generally speaking, we think Bordeaux is the most famous wine in France. In fact, Burgundy and Rhone Valley are also famous wine producing areas. In the villages in the north of Burgundy, top white wine is also produced. Among many grape varieties, Black Pi Nuo is the main French grape variety. At present, machine picking has been popularized in some areas, but the first-class vineyards are still mainly picked by hand. Usually, the picked grapes will have the process of removing stems, and this process must be just right, because it directly affects the acidity of wine. The next step is to crush the grapes. In the village, if the grapes are harvested, people will especially celebrate. They will put the grapes in special wooden barrels. People, regardless of gender, jump into the bucket and dance happily on the grapes with music, and the grapes below will be squeezed out unconsciously. After pressing, there will be the first fermentation before juicing, and then the grape residue will be sent to press to extract more juice. The next step is to leave it at low temperature for a period of time to separate the solid matter from the grapes. After that, it will be stored in vats for 6-24 months, and then bottled. Everyone bought a jewel-like wine in a winery or supermarket, which is such a process.

Experts say that Dijon, one of the wine producing areas, is located in the middle of France, and the city is filled with aristocratic atmosphere. Dijon is a' noble city' recognized by the French. It is not only rich, but also rich in wine. The French don't work in Dijon, but they will definitely buy a house in Dijon because they will come for a holiday in summer. It is conceivable that the increasing output is due to the great demand of the rich for high-quality wines, or it is precisely because they produce more high-quality wines that they attract so many rich people. Actually, it is not. Only the geographical conditions are suitable for the growth of grapes, so as to produce better grapes and naturally have better wine. Besides delicious wine, ginger bread and mustard sauce are also the characteristics of this city. Think of a mouthful of liqueur and a mouthful of bread dipped in mustard sauce, and you will immediately fall in love with this city.

Treading grapes barefoot in vats is the first step for the French to make wine. Of course, the first step is to pick it from the vine. Every summer, Dijon welcomes friends from home and abroad to work in the winery. You can also buy a straw hat, taste the freshly brewed wine and become one of them. It's a little astringent, but then it's smooth and sweet. Close your eyes and say, Treben! I have been deeply intoxicated by the smell of wine.

In France, besides Dijon, there are many places where wine is brewed. The types of wine are divided into cognac, champagne, red wine, pink wine and white wine. In France and even the whole of Europe, cognac is also loved by many people, and the character of cognac area is as unique as the unique white jade grape. The mild maritime climate of the Atlantic Ocean makes it a perfect cognac producing area, including Charente-sur-mer, Dordogne and a small part of Desefleur. Here they are divided into six producing areas, namely, big champagne area, small champagne area, border forest area, high-quality forest area, conscience forest area and ordinary forest area.

At present, the grapes used by the most famous wineries such as Cognac, Hennessy, remy martin, Jiamei, Aode and Martell all come from these six producing areas. In the process of making cognac, half of the alcohol is usually evaporated. At first, the brewer of Cognac thought that this part of the lost wine was drunk by angels and was called a gift to angels. It is said that in this natural evaporation process, the statistics of cognac area can be specific to the fact that more than 20 million bottles of wine disappear into nature every year.

There are only two kinds of food on the table in the world that need to wait 100 years, or even longer. One is Spanish vinegar, and the other is French brandy. The French love wine, but in fact they love wine culture more. Think of a bottle of 100-year-old wine on the table. It's hard to savor. This unknown land fills us with illusions and expectations.

Classification of wine grades

Friends who have just come into contact with French wine always think that wine is sour and bad. In fact, this is not the case: the acidity of wine comes partly from grape berries, such as tartaric acid, malic acid and a little citric acid, and partly from fermentation, such as succinic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid. These acidity are inevitable, it promotes the secretion of saliva and accelerates the metabolism of the body, which is very important for health. Compared with other countries, French wine is more complicated, not only AOC, but also good wine. Good wine must come from good years. Because the key to the quality of wine lies in the quality of grape raw materials, and the quality of grapes is determined by the origin, climate and management of grapes. The good years since 2000 are 2000, 2003, 2004 and 2005, so when you look at the French wine labels, it may be a good idea to choose wines by year. The wine label is marked in 2005, indicating that the original grapes of the wine in the bottle were picked in 2005.

Compared with Europe, the United States is a more dynamic and pragmatic country. Have a more active, exploratory and unrestrained style. Frank, simple and eager, with a little strong self-confidence, can be regarded as the national style of the United States, but also the personal style of many Americans. This is a profound experience of American immigrant life. Perhaps because of this, the elegant wines that continental Europeans and British people like, which take a long time to age and need a quiet and peaceful heart to taste, will not be welcomed by American consumers. Americans are pragmatic. Although they look up to France in wine, just like in politics, architecture, art and culture, they will never copy the French system. The attitude and courage to go your own way are manifested in two great countries, China and the United States.

When Italy began to follow the example of France in DOC and DOCG in the 1960s, the United States began to take the road of marking wines by varieties. American immigration is simple and direct. Ordinary consumers have to remember those complicated places of origin and labels, which are basically a mess, so American wine labels are more concise, distinctive and easy to remember.

In the 1970s, there was an iconic Parisian blind product. Lu Yue Winery's Cabernet Sauvignon and Monta Elena 1973 Chardonnay ranked first in red wine and white wine respectively. On the other hand, in front of the winery in California, there was a long queue of cars pulling platinum powder and dairy farms. Locals who invest in immigrants in the United States still like some cheap, straightforward, flamboyant and energetic wines.

After 30 years of reform and opening up, we have accumulated a considerable amount of money and bought a lot of famous wines, and the middle class is also forming. The level is basically in the stage of flirting with French wines, pursuing Lafite, Dragon Boat and White Horse, and only French wines are at the lower level. What to drink is often to take care of your identity, not your taste. Invest in immigrating to America. Among so many food writers and writers of extremely prosperous food blogs, I believe that there will be a figure like Parker one day.

Maybe it's because it's an immigrant country, or maybe it's because the wine produced in California accounts for almost 90% of the total output. In the American wine market, you can see wines from various countries, and investment immigrants are at least found in the cities and towns in several eastern States where I have been and lived briefly. Immigrating to America and I feel very different in Europe. In Europe, local wines in one region account for an absolute dominant proportion, followed by some wines in other parts of China, and less foreign wines.

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