Democrats, Republicans and Federalists in the United States

[Edit this paragraph] ① Democratic Party of the United States

The American Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. Founded in 179 1, it was then called * * * and the party. 1794 changed its name to the democratic * * and the party, also known as the anti-federal party. After that, the party split. Jackson School established the Democratic Party in 1828. 1840, the party held the third national congress, officially named the Democratic Party, and adopted the party program for the first time.

It is worth mentioning that the Democratic Party of the United States has not fixed party member, and party member is free. The total number of party member is calculated according to the voting results of the party's presidential candidates. The Democratic Party of the United States takes the donkey as its emblem, so its competition with the political parties marked by elephants is called the "Battle of Donkeys and Elephants". The color of the Democratic Party is blue, and the symbol of the Party is the donkey.

[Edit this paragraph] ☆ History of the Democratic Party

From 1833 to 1856, the opponents of the American Democratic Party are mainly Whigs. After 1856, its main rivals were * * * and the party. During the civil war, the Democratic Party advocated compromise and conservatism with southern slaves. However, in the 20th century, the Harmony Party was transformed into the Conservative Party, while the Democratic Party represented liberal ideas.

The Democratic Party of the United States holds a national congress every four years to determine its presidential and vice presidential candidates and formulate its campaign platform. 183 1 year, the first national congress of the party was held to elect candidates for president and vice president. This is also the first national congress of political parties in American history. 1840. The Party held the third national congress, officially named the Democratic Party, and adopted the party program for the first time, with only about 1000 words. However, the party program is not fixed, it is based on the political program of the party's presidential candidate. Later, sometimes the party's program was as long as 40,000 words, 40 times as long as the original, which showed that it was lengthy.

The United States * * * and the party

* * * And this party is one of the two major political parties in the United States at present, also known as the Grand Old Party. * * * and the party's party color is red, and the symbol is elephant.

history

* * * Harmony Party was founded in 1854. It was originally composed of anti-slavery people in the American Democratic Party and Whig Party, and received a lot of support. 1860, abraham lincoln was elected president, defeated the confederacy in the civil war and abolished slavery. After the civil war, because of the split of the Democratic Party, Republicans began to elect presidents for a long time. andrew johnson, hiram ulysses grant, Rutherford B Hayes, james garfield and chester alan arthur continued to serve as presidents after the civil war. 1897, * * * and william mckinley of the Communist Party of China became presidents, aggressively invading and expanding abroad, and the United States entered the imperialist period. During this period, theodore roosevelt, william howard taft, Warren G Harding, John Calvin Coolidge and herbert hoover successively served as presidents. The economic crisis in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s could not be solved because of the laissez-faire policies adopted by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Communist Party of China (CPC). After franklin roosevelt, the Democratic Party, was elected, * * * was in opposition with the party for 20 years. After Eisenhower, a Republican, was elected, the United States entered a period in which the two parties took turns to govern. Nixon, Reagan and George H.W. Bush successively served as presidents.

George h w bush 1988 was elected president. However, due to the Persian Gulf War and the burden of * * * and the party's twelve years in power, he was not re-elected and the Democratic Party was in power.

Since 1994, Republicans have taken control of the US House of Representatives. Although it has been seesaw with the Democratic Party in the Senate, it finally took control of the Senate.

In 2000, George W. Bush, the son of George H.W. Bush, ran for president on behalf of the Republican Party. He lagged behind the Democratic Party in the general election, but won the electoral votes. In 2004, Bush was re-elected.

Now, the Republican Party has become the representative of the conservative forces in the United States. George W. Bush is the president, opposing abortion, same-sex marriage and stem cell research, advocating tax cuts and strengthening military defense forces, eliminating countries suspected of supporting terrorism, and attacking Afghanistan and Iraq is evidence.

[Edit this paragraph] Current ideology

* * * and the party is composed of many different informal factions, which often overlap each other, but do not necessarily agree with each other's positions. For example, there are fiscal conservatism, evangelicals, social conservatism, libertarianism, ancient conservatism, neo-conservatism, moderates in the middle (sometimes called "* * * only titles"-a republic in name only "and" wooden houses * * and the party ".

Compared with the Democratic Party, * * * and the Party tend to be conservative in social issues, close to libertarianism in economy, closely related to Wall Street (large enterprises) and commercial streets (small enterprises in the region), but rarely supported by trade unions. * * * and the party support reducing taxes, advocate limiting the size of the government on economic issues, and support commercial development; On some social issues, such as abortion, the Communist Party of China (CPC) supports government intervention. Schools in the south reflect the religious thoughts of evangelicals and fundamentalists, paying less attention to economic issues, but paying more attention to moral issues and opposing abortion and homosexuality. However, there are also solid evangelical sects and parties in the western United States, and in fact, economic liberalism and social conservatism are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and they often overlap with each other in the * * * and the party.

[Edit this paragraph] Economic policy

* * * the Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasized the importance of private enterprise and individual decision-making in promoting economic prosperity. They support business-friendly free market policies and economic liberalism, and limit the scale of government and government supervision. However, in recent years, some people have also pointed out the high budget deficit of the United States in 2006 and criticized that the CCP is no longer a fiscal conservative party.

At present, the economic theory held by most Republicans is Reagan Economics put forward by ronald wilson reagan. According to this theory, lowering the income tax rate will increase the growth of GDP, and the extra growth will bring more extra income to the government. This theory is also reflected in * * * and the Party's long-term support for tax reduction. Since 1920s, tax reduction has been the main political viewpoint of * * * and the Party. Republicans believe that a series of tax cuts since 200 1 have promoted the economic development of the United States. Many Republicans also believe that income tax is doomed to be inefficient, and they also oppose the hierarchical tax system, believing that it is a system that robs the rich and helps the poor and unfairly punishes those who create more job opportunities and wealth.

* * * Republicans agree that there should be a "safety net" to help those who are poorer; However, the policies they support are usually low-cost, more dependent on private fundraising, and stricter restrictions on participation qualifications. * * * Republicans strongly supported the welfare system reform in 1996, so as to raise the eligibility threshold for receiving welfare system subsidies and successfully let many people who used to rely on welfare subsidies start looking for jobs.

* * * The Republican Party opposes the government-led universal medical insurance system like Canada and most European countries, and advocates the establishment of a medical insurance system based on current individuals or employers, which only provides medical insurance for the elderly and medical subsidies for the poor. * * * and the party's attitude towards welfare system, medical insurance and Medicaid program are not consistent in history. All these plans have met with opposition or support from the Party. Republicans in Congress and the Bush administration support reducing the growth rate of Medicaid. On the other hand, Republicans in Congress also support the expansion of medical insurance and the provision of a new batch of drug subsidy programs for the elderly since 2006. * * * Republicans usually oppose trade unions and support the promulgation of many laws and regulations at the local, state and federal levels that are not conducive to the formation of trade unions. * * * The party usually opposes raising the minimum wage, thinking that the minimum wage system will only increase the unemployment rate and reduce corporate profits.

[Edit this paragraph] Social policy

Most Republicans oppose abortion, legalize same-sex marriage and support "faith-based action". They support the reduction of welfare system subsidies and oppose the employment quota implemented by the government to eliminate discrimination, but they disagree on whether to support affirmative action policies to avoid discrimination against women and ethnic minorities. Most members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) support the death penalty and other more severe punishment measures, while the Communist Party of China (CPC) usually strongly supports the right to buy, sell and own guns.

Most Republicans support increasing the freedom of students and parents to choose schools through voucher system and school permission system. Many people also strongly condemn the public school system and teachers' unions. * * * And the Party also demands that the existing public school system must be more responsible. The recent 200 1 law "No Child Left Behind" is an example.

* * * Religious factions within the Party usually support the organization of routine prayers in public schools and insist that creationism or intelligent design should be taught as well as evolution. Although Republicans voted to increase government subsidies for scientific research, many Republicans actively opposed federal subsidies for fetal stem cell research because they thought it would collect and destroy human embryos. Others support funding for adult-specific stem cell research.

[Edit this paragraph] Foreign policy

After the 9 1 1 attacks, the Communist Party of China (CPC) supported neoconservative policies in the war on terrorism, including the invasion of Afghanistan in 200/KLOC-0 and Iraq in 2003, and tried to spread democracy in the Middle East and the world. The Bush administration believes that the "illegal fighters" in Iraq do not belong to the scope of protection of the Geneva Conventions, and insists that the Geneva Conventions only protect the military personnel of sovereign countries and do not apply to terrorists of terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda.

* * * The Chinese Communist Party also supports the internal reform of the United Nations to avoid the recurrence of corruption incidents similar to the oil-for-food program. * * * The Republican Party opposes the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that the agreement will only harm the US economy and cannot bind China and other countries that have contributed a lot to global warming. Republicans strongly support free trade agreements, especially the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). At present, the Republican Party is also trying to further reach free trade agreements with South American countries such as Brazil, Peru and Colombia.

* * * and the party have major differences on how to deal with illegal immigrants, especially for Hispanics. The Bush administration has made dealing with Hispanic issues its first political goal, but many local party departments and departments have not paid attention to this issue. Generally speaking, * * * and business groups within the party welcome more immigrants, because it means that more cheap workers can be hired; Social conservatives oppose it. In 2006, the White House supported a complete immigration reform bill passed by the Senate, so that millions of illegal immigrants finally obtained citizenship, but the House of Representatives did not accept it. Although this issue has become one of the main concerns in the 2006 election, opinion polls show that voters are still more concerned about general issues such as economy, political corruption, the Iraq war and terrorism.

[Edit this paragraph] Voting basis

Business groups: Hehe Party is supported by business groups from all walks of life, including "Commercial Street" (small enterprises in this area) to "Wall Street" (big enterprises).

Geography: Starting from 1980, the geographical "base" of * * * and the Party is in the south and west of the United States, while the support in the northeast and the Pacific coast is weak. In fact, * * * and the party did well in the governor's election in the northeast, but not well in the presidential election (except New Hampshire). From 1854, the two parties were evenly matched in the midwest, but from 1990, Illinois gradually tilted towards the Democratic Party, and Minnesota and Wisconsin tilted towards the Republican Party. Since the1930s, the Democratic Party has controlled most metropolitan areas, while the Republican Party has controlled rural areas and most suburbs.

Since 1980, the south has always been an important town of * * * and the party in the presidential election, and it has gradually tended to * * * and the party in the state-level elections. In 2004, Bush won 70% support among southern whites, Kelly only got 30%, and southern whites accounted for 765,438+0% of all southern voters. Among blacks or Hispanics, the opposite is true. Kelly gets 70%, while Bush only gets 30%. One-third of these southern voters claimed to be evangelical, and 80% of them voted for * * * and the party, but in 2006, this number dropped slightly to 72%.

Conservatives and moderates: * * And the party structure is quite diverse, and many factions compete with each other in political views and candidate nominations. The so-called "conservatives" are the most in the south, mainly from supporters of religious conservatism. The "moderates" came from the northeast of New England, and their influence had spread all over the country before. From1940s to1970s, these moderates and partisans were represented by thomas dewey, dwight eisenhower, Richard Nixon, nelson rockefeller and others. They usually dominate the presidential faction within the party and are often called "Rockefeller and partisans". Compared with other Republicans, moderates are more likely to accept the policies of the New Deal, including government supervision and welfare, and they also support maintaining high taxes in economic policies to maintain a balanced budget. Since1970s, the influence of moderates and party member has gradually declined, but they still occupy a certain position in the * * * cabinet and party chairman. Until 2006, the poll of the 2008 general election showed that the top three candidates supported by the public were condoleezza rice, Rudy Giuliani and John McCain, mainly because of their independent positions. More conservative Republicans, such as Sam Brownback and newt gingrich, lag behind in the polls and rarely reach 10%.

organization structure

* * * and the Party National Committee is responsible for organizing and coordinating * * * and the Party's campaign activities and publicizing * * * and the Party's policies. When the president is party member, the chairman of RNC is appointed by the president himself, and when the president is opposed to the party, it is elected by the state party departments everywhere. President george walker bush appointed Ken Melman as Chairman of the National Committee on June 5438+ 10, 2005. In the presidential election, the National Committee is responsible for supervising the process of the National Congress, including raising funds and coordinating the election strategy. States and party departments of major cities, counties and administrative regions also have similar committees, but the scale is smaller than that of the national Committee.

* * * Republicans have powerful fundraising and election strategy committees in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. * * * The Republican National Committee of the House of Representatives is responsible for assisting the election of the House of Representatives and the Republican National Committee of the Senate is responsible for assisting the election of the Senate. The two committees independently raised more than $654.38 billion in the annual election and played an important role in recruiting potential candidates for the governor. * * * The political party governors' union is a group that only discusses the candidates for governors and is not responsible for fund-raising. Generally speaking, the Democratic Party has similar organizations in every party structure.

The Federalist Party of the United States was founded in the170th century. Founder: History of alexander hamilton: The Federalist Party of the United States is one of the earliest political parties in American history. In the early days of the founding of the United States, Hamilton and his supporters supported the federal constitution in the 1789 ratification movement, calling themselves "federalists".

18 12 to 18 14 During the American-British War, the Federalist Party was unpopular because of its pro-British stance and collapsed on 18 15. Policy tendency: advocate the centralization of state power to the federal government and implement centralized system; The Federalist Party represented the interests of the rich in eastern New England, land speculators and slave owners in southern plantations. Ruling status: 1797, john adams was elected president. Became the second president of the United States after Washington, 180 1 retired. He is the only federal president in American history.