The largest city in Turkey, that city.

The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul.

Istanbul (Turkish:? Stanbul) is the economic, cultural, financial, news, trade and transportation center of Turkey, a world-famous tourist attraction and one of the prosperous international metropolises. It is located at the eastern end of the Balkan Peninsula and on the west bank of the southern mouth of the Bosporus Strait. The strategic location of the entrance to the Black Sea is extremely important when traffic jams occur in Europe and Asia. It covers an area of 5343 square kilometers and has a population of13.85 million (data 2065.438+03).

In 658 BC, it was built on the promontory between Golden Horn Bay and Marmarahi, which was then called Byzantium. In 330 AD, it was rebuilt as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople. Don't call it new Rome. 1453 became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The name Istanbul existed for at least one hundred years before the Ottoman conquest. For example, in 1403, the king of Spain sent an envoy to meet Timur the Great, and the envoy passed through Constantinople. As mentioned in his memoirs, the Greeks also called this place Istanbul (see the Chinese translation of Ambassador to the East University in Kravitz). But western countries still insist on calling this place Constantinople, because they think the Ottoman Empire is the aggressor here. 1923, Turkey established its capital (moved to Ankara during the War of Independence), and Istanbul became the official name of the world. Now the urban area has been extended to the north of Golden Horn Bay, and Chisquita on the east bank of Bosporus Strait has also been included in the urban area, becoming a modern city across Europe and Asia.

Istanbul was chosen as the sports capital of european capital of culture in 20 10 and Europe in 20 12. The historic block of this city was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.

Climate Features The northern, western and southern coastal areas of Turkey belong to a typical Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. The temperate continental climate in the inland and eastern regions is obvious, with dry heat in summer and cold in winter.

Location Istanbul is divided into three districts: the old town in Europe and the business district in Beyoglu, and the Uskudar district in Asia. Istanbul has beautiful scenery, many historical sites, convenient transportation and developed commerce. It has become a world-famous tourist city and a pearl of Europe and Asia.

Istanbul is a famous city that spans both Europe and Asia. It is located in Marmara in the northwest of Turkey, but in the Bosporus Strait (Istanbul Strait? Istanbul wave? az？ ) and Golden Horn Bay (Harry) pass through it. As the capital of three ancient empires-Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire, Istanbul has retained its splendor.

The splendid historical heritage is also something that the Turkish people should be proud of. Istanbul really fascinates tourists with its colorful cultural relics. Its museums, churches, mosques, palaces, markets and wonderful natural scenery will make people linger. When the sun sets and stands on the Bosphorus Strait, when you see the orange light from the window on the other side in the afterglow of the sunset, you will deeply understand why people chose such an extraordinary place centuries ago, and you will sincerely sigh that Istanbul is the most beautiful city in the world.

Population Istanbul is the most densely populated city in Turkey and one of the most populous cities in the world. The population growth rate is very fast. From 1950 to 2000, the population of Istanbul increased by 10 times. The population of Istanbul was only 1078000 in 1945, and increased to 1533000 in 1955. In the second half of the 20th century, the population of Istanbul grew rapidly at the rate of 4-5% per year. By 1990, the population has rapidly increased to 7.309 million. In 2000, the population of Istanbul exceeded 1 00000, reaching100400, and in 20651month, it was 438+0465438+06000. In 20 15, the population reached14.37 million, accounting for 18.5% of the total population of Turkey (77.69 million).

The population density exceeds 2,700 people per square kilometer, far exceeding the population density of Turkey where the country is located, that is, per square kilometer 1, 0 1 person. The most densely populated area is in western Europe (accounting for 65% of the total population), while the most densely populated area in Asia is UsKudar. Most of the population are immigrants from other countries or regions, and only 28% of the population are local residents. The proportion of men and women is balanced, and the male population accounts for 50.2 1% of the total urban population.

Istanbul, a tourist attraction, not only geographically spans two continents, but also absorbs the essence of ideas, culture and art of all ethnic groups in Europe, Asia and Africa, and has become an important intersection of eastern and western ideas and cultures, leaving many historical sites. Istanbul has more than 40 museums, more than 20 churches and more than 450 mosques. These beautiful buildings and their large collection of cultural relics are vivid testimony to the intersection of eastern and western cultures.

There are Sumerian heads, Babylonian pottery, Assyrian reliefs and so on. In the ancient oriental museum. These are the prehistoric cultural relics of the two rivers (Tigris River and Euphrates River) and the ethnic groups in Asia Minor. There are a large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural relics in the archaeological museum, among which the huge sarcophagus of Macedonian king Alexander is a masterpiece of Greek art in the 4th century BC. In the koala church, there are a large number of murals about the Virgin Mary, Christ and the apostles, which are representative works of Byzantine art. In Suleiman Mosque, there are many artistic treasures of the Ottoman period, such as carved beams and painted buildings, carved gold and carved silver. Stone castles, city walls, towers and aqueducts left by various empires can be seen everywhere in the old city on the west bank of the city.

The famous landscapes include Topca Boer Palace, Suleiman Mosque, Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, Archaeological Museum, Karet Museum, Dor marbach Palace, Underground Palace, Bosphorus Bridge, Belebei Palace, etc.

The places of interest that best illustrate Istanbul as the intersection of eastern and western cultures and arts are Hagia Sophia, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque) and Topca Boer Palace.

Hagia Sophia is a Christian church during the Roman Empire. It is a magnificent rectangular stone building with a huge dome with a diameter of 3 1 m and a height of 55 meters above the ground. There are 40 large glass windows and 4 magnificent arches around the bottom, which is a typical Byzantine building. 1453, after the demise of Byzantine Empire, the Turks who believed in Islam built four minarets outside the church and changed this Millennium Cathedral into a mosque. 1935, after the establishment of Turkey, it was turned into a museum.

Sultan Ahmed Mosque was built in 16 16. Different from other mosques, it has six minarets. It is the only existing six-pagoda mosque in the world. Because its surrounding walls are inlaid with more than 20,000 pieces of blue tiles, the light in the hall is particularly soft and quiet, so it is also called "Blue Mosque". It is said that the craftsmen who fired these tiles were recruited from Persia, so the relationship between Ottoman architectural art and oriental architectural art can be seen.

Topca Bo Palace was built in 1478. In addition to many precious cultural relics and documents in Turkish history, there are more than 17000 pieces of China ancient porcelain, which is said to be the third in the world after the Palace Museum and Dresden Art Museum in Beijing from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

On the bank of Bosphorus, stands the famous Dole marbach Palace. Dole marbach Palace was built in the middle of19th century, with exquisite architecture, which is famous for its exquisite carvings, gorgeous murals, chandeliers and decorations. Because it is similar to the Boer Palace in Topca built in15th century, it is called the new palace, while the latter is called the old palace. Bosporus Strait Bridge was completed in 1973 with a length of1560m. Bridges across Europe and Asia, the natural barrier has become a thoroughfare. This city is the largest port city in Turkey, transferring 57% of the country's imports and 1 1% of its exports, and producing 1/3 of the country's industrial products. Istanbul is not only developed by sea, but also by rail. It is the end of the "Oriental Tito Road" in Europe and the starting point of the "Baghdad Railway". There are seven hills in the old city of Istanbul, because the king of the Roman Empire once regarded it as a new Rome, and there are seven hills in Rome, which is similar. Among them, Mountain No.6 is along the Golden Corner, and Mountain 1 is isolated in the southwest. Most of these peaks are flat, but the slopes are quite steep. There are about 40 places of interest on Mount No.7.. The first mountain includes Hagia Sophia, Saint Irene's Church, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Ahmad Ⅲ Fountain, Painted Brick Pavilion, Top Kapoor Palace and Marmarak Waterwall. The second mountain has Nuru Osman Mosque, burning columns and indoor market. The third mountain has Lalaili Mosque and Vallance Aqueduct. The fourth mountain has Fatih Mosque and the old Imam Mosque. The fifth mountain has Guler Mosque and Mongolian Saint Mary's Church. The sixth mountain includes Calit Mosque, Adriatic Gate and Constantine Palace. The seventh mountain has seven towers and the Imam Lahor Mosque (St. John's Church in Stodion). The downtown business district is very prosperous. The ancient indoor market on the south bank of Golden Horn Bay is a rare giant indoor market in the world. Founded in 146 1 year, it has been expanded several times and covers an area of 30,000 square meters. Open doors on 8 sides, 4,000 shops, 20 inns and 65 streets. Every day is a sea of traffic and people.

Economy Istanbul has a diversified industrial economy, producing different kinds of olive oil, tobacco, transportation and electronic products. Although it pays attention to high added value, its low added value manufacturing industry is very important, accounting for only 26% of Istanbul's GDP, but accounting for four-fifths of the city's total exports. Istanbul is not only the capital and largest city of Turkey, but also the center of Turkey's economic life, because it is located at the intersection of international land and sea trade routes. Istanbul is also the largest industrial center in Turkey. It employs about 20% industrial workers in Turkey and contributes to 38% industrial zones in Turkey. Istanbul and surrounding provinces produce cotton, fruit, olive oil, silk and tobacco. Food processing, textile production, petroleum products, rubber, metal products, leather, chemicals, medicine, electronics, glass, machinery, automobiles, transport vehicles, paper and paper products and alcoholic beverages are the main industrial products of this city. According to Forbes magazine, in March 2008, Istanbul had 35 billionaires, ranking fourth in the world.

Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) is the only stock market in Turkey. 1866 was founded as Osman Stock Exchange (Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsas? ), 1986 began to recombine today's structure. /kloc-In the 9th and early 20th centuries, the Bank Street in galata was once the financial center of the Ottoman Empire, and the headquarters of the Ottoman Central Bank (founded in 1856) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange (1866) were both located here. Bank Street has always been the main financial district of Istanbul. Until the 1990s, most Turkish banks began to move their headquarters to the modern central business districts of Levent and Maslak. 1995, Istanbul Stock Exchange moved to Istanbul (? Stinye) building area.

Today, this city owns 55% of Turkey's trade and 45% of its wholesale trade, and its gross national product accounts for 2 1.2% of the whole country. Istanbul contributes 40% of Turkey's tax revenue. In 2005, the GDP of Istanbul was133 billion USD. In 2005, the company's total export in Istanbul was $41397 million, and its total import was $69.883 billion. Accounting for 56.6% and 60.2% of Turkey respectively.

Istanbul is one of the most important tourist attractions in Turkey. There are thousands of hotels and other tourism-oriented industries in this city, serving vacationers and visiting professionals. In 2006, * * * 23,654,38+048,669 tourists visited Turkey, and most of them entered Turkey through the airports and seaports in Istanbul and Antalya. The total number of tourists entering Turkey through Istanbul Ataturk International Airport and Sabiha Goktzen International Airport reached 5,346,658, an increase from 4,849,353 in 2005. Istanbul is also one of the major conference destinations in the world, and it is an increasingly popular choice for the world's number one international organization.

Industrial Istanbul is Turkey's largest seaport and industrial center. The main products made in this city are textiles, flour processing, cigarettes, cement and glass.

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