Xia and Xiongnu: Are there really no traces of successors separated by thousands of years?

Text/Wang Kaidixia Dynasty is the first ancient dynasty in China that we have remembered since the historical stage of middle school. Although its existence is still full of mystery (not even considered as a dynasty in the world to a great extent), most China scholars believe that Erlitou culture in the south of Xia Dynasty is the foundation of Xia Dynasty's existence. However, the reappearance of the Xia Dynasty in the late official history era has aroused the infinite reverie of the vast number of history lovers. Tai Shigong recorded in Historical Records Biography of Xiongnu: "Xiongnu, the descendant of its ancestor Xia Houshi, is also called Chunwei." These few words provide a version of western mythology for the mysterious Xia people. They did not disappear after the demise of the Xia dynasty, but fled to the distant Mongolian plateau, forming the later Xiongnu tribe and becoming the northern enemy during the Warring States-Qin and Han Dynasties. Today, many people scoff at this illusory statement and think that the relationship between Xiongnu and Xia Dynasty is nonsense, because they are separated by thousands of years. So, is the relationship between Xiongnu and Xia Dynasty true or false? Figure /Hun 0 1 Where did Xia Jie go? Xia Jie, the last monarch of Xia Dynasty, is a key factor in studying the final destination of Xia people. In Xia Jie's ending, ancient books often mention running to the South Nest. So where is the South Nest? Xia Benji, a history book in Justice, said: "Luzhou also goes to the county." This is generally believed by the academic circles in Chaohu, Hefei, Anhui Province today. Figure/Xia Jie However, Xia Jie, who was defeated in the Battle of Mingtiao (Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province), went all the way south, crossed Huanghuai and ran to Chaohu Lake, which was deserted at that time. This is actually a very untidy thing. Therefore, a geographical historical data of the Tang Dynasty may provide us with new ideas. "Taiping Universe" Volume 43 Xiangling County in Jinzhou is like the following article: "The source of nest water is in the southeast of the county, and the nest mountain is in the north of the county 15". Xiangling County of Jinzhou is located in Xiangfen County of Linfen City today, which is located in the southwest of Shanxi Province and belongs to Fenshui River Basin, which is more suitable for the southern tide area where Xia Jie fled. In addition, in today's Shaanxi, there are many heroes and Xu Xia's names on the ground. During the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars in Qi Huangong's "Western Conquest for Great Summer" mostly referred to the northwest of Shanxi. Qin carved stone tablets also have the words "Northern Summer". Big and small, "small" often refers to people who stay in the old place, and "big" refers to people who move to the new park. Therefore, "Daxia" is probably similar to the later Dayue family, referring to the new home of Xia people in Shanxi. Figure/The battle of singing in the traditional sense The Xia Dynasty itself has a strong influence in today's Jin area. Then, when it fails, the first escape route should be to enter the former residence of Xia people along the Fenhe River basin, not to escape south. Suoyin quoted Kudipu as saying: "Xia Jie had no choice but to let the soup go and died three years later. His son was full of porridge, and his wife and concubines fled to the northern territory. China called him Xiongnu. " It is indeed possible for the descendants of the lost country and Xia tribe to enter the north-central part of Shanxi. There were many Fang tribes in Shanxi in Shang Dynasty, such as "Earthwork" and "Ghost Party". Scholars Hu Houxuan textual research, soil is summer, soil is the place where summer people live. It shows that in 15 and 14 centuries BC, Xia was still a powerful country in the north, and often confronted businessmen. Figure/The story about the descendants of Xia people moving northward was partially confirmed in later archaeological investigations. In the archaeological discoveries in southern Inner Mongolia and northern Shaanxi, which are equivalent to the early Shang Dynasty, a large number of jade articles and pottery articles strikingly similar to Erlitou culture appeared. This shows that Xia culture gradually spread to the south of Mongolian plateau with the northward migration of Xia people. The "Ordos Bronze Culture", also known as "Zhukaigou Culture", which is recognized by the world historians as the dawn of nomadic bronze culture, just flourished in the middle and early Shang Dynasty. This sudden prosperity is probably related to the northward migration of Xia immigrants. Figure/Ordos bronzes with the characteristics of bronze culture in the Central Plains14th century. During the reign of Shang Ding, the Shang Dynasty expanded to the outside world. Xia immigrants who settled in Shanxi could not give up and had to continue to migrate. So, where is their next destination? Historical records do not give us a reasonable explanation for this blank time. The Karasuke culture, the bronze culture that began to appear along the Yenisei River in southern Siberia around 14 BC, gave us a new direction. The Soviet scholar Giselev believes that "in Karasuke culture, there are artifacts brought to the Yenisei River in the southeast by residents of northern China". Figure/The exchange relationship between Karasuke culture and China culture in the same period. This bronze culture, which suddenly appeared in Siberia, appeared typical Xia pottery with daggers and daggers with China characteristics. Such a civilized system detached from the local old bronze culture is obviously related to the mysterious disappearance of the remains of Xia civilization on the southern edge of the Mongolian Plateau at that time. In addition to the above-mentioned unearthed objects, Karasuke culture also unearthed the white jade ring, the typical Central Plains diamond collar spear and the "Shang-style" bronze arrow, all of which tell us that this so-called grassland civilization should be established by a Chinese descendant. After14th century BC, a large number of typical objects of Karasuke were unearthed along the Great Wall of Lake Baikal, Mongolia and China. Later, the Huns were based on the vast Siberian and Mongolian plateaus and accurately distributed on the territory of Karasuke culture. Figure/Karajie bronze 03, similar to the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains, Xiongnu originated from "Huaxia". Some people say that Huns and Xia people can't be the same nation in language, race and folk customs. However, the language, race and other materials of Huns are still an unsolved mystery. However, we can see the clues of Xiongnu and Xia people from some historical materials. First of all, the dragon has been a symbol of the Chinese nation since ancient times. There is no doubt that Xia people believe in "dragons". The Book of Rites Hall of Fame contains "Xia Houshi takes the dragon spoon" and "the dragon of Xia Houshi". Dragon patterns were unearthed in Erlitouxia culture, and painted dragon Tao Pan was found in Taosi cultural site in southern Shanxi. Surprisingly, the Huns in the north are different from the wolf culture of the later Turks and Mongols, and they also have a strong belief in "dragon". The biography of Xiongnu in Han Dynasty recorded that Xiongnu was "Dragon City in May, offering sacrifices to the gods and spirits of heaven and earth". Xiongnu once established the Dragon Palace in the west of Longcheng. Several portraits of dragons have also been unearthed from the Xiongnu tomb in Nuoyanshan. Figure/Turquoise Dragon in Erlitou, Luoyang In addition, the establishment of Dragon City by Huns contradicts the traditional custom of nomadic people living on aquatic plants, but it just reflects their settlement experience. The square rammed earth buildings they built still exist on the Mongolian plateau. The Huns built a city to worship their ancestors. The architectural style is quite a legacy of the Han ancestral temple, and it is also incompatible with the Shaman belief on the grassland. It is also a symbol that their ancestors once lived in the city. Figure/The story of Xiongnu in post-Hannan, the site of Xiongnu Longcheng in central Mongolia, contains: Xiongnu "Left sentence: the dragon king Wusi, the chaos of chariots and cattle". Modern scholars textual research that * * * is also referred to as * * * that is, a gun, which is called a dragon. Therefore, the names of Xiongnu nobles are likely to have a special connection with Dayu. Lv Simian once researched that in the Battle of Peace in the early Han Dynasty, the Huns were "white in the west, blue in the east, black in the north and red in the south". This five-element theory can never be called coupling, but the five-element theory came from Xia Dynasty, so "Xiongnu and Xia Yi Yi". Figure/Xiongnu's Dragon and Gold Ware As can be seen from the above information, there is indeed a certain ethnic relationship between Xiongnu and Xia people. In early summer, people migrated from the Loess Plateau and the Mongolian Plateau to the south of Siberia, and once lived in the cold areas in the north (Karasuke culture). However, with the eastward invasion of Europa in the 4th-3rd century AD, they re-entered the Mongolian Plateau bordering the Central Plains and met familiar and unfamiliar Qin people. At this time, the Huns may only vaguely remember that they used to be the owner of this land and the "Xia people", but the tempering of the grassland has made their former compatriots regard it as a different kind. Figure/Han Xiongnu Reference: 1. Hanshu II. Chen: Xia culture spread to the north and its relationship with Xiongnu, historical research.