Want to know a detailed description of American history

The full name of the United States is the United States of America, and the main part of the country is located in North America.

In the center of. It covers an area of 9.372 million square kilometers, accounting for the total land area of the world.

1/20, ranking fourth in the world. By the local 48 states, a directly under the district (brother

Colombia, Alaska and Hawaii. The population is

239.3 million people (1985), including white people18.82 million people and 2850 black people.

There are 1 10,000 people who speak Spanish, and 654.38+07.6 million people (60% of them are Mexicans).

3.6 million people in the Asia-Pacific region, Indians 140.

Ten thousand people. Religious beliefs are mainly Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism.

* * *14217,000 Christians, 78.7 million Protestants and 5,228 Catholics.

Ten thousand people, Jews 4.05 million, other Christians 7 1.4 million. Tong yongying

Language. Washington D.C.

With the establishment of British colonies in North America, the aborigines in North America were Indians.

People. From16th century to18th century, North America became a region where primitive accumulation of capital was going on.

Western European countries compete for colonies. In North America, the French established a new one.

France (including the St. Lawrence River basin and the Great Lakes region in the lower Mississippi River)

Domain, etc.); The Spanish established a new Spain (including Mexico and the United States)

The vast area of southwest China).

From 1607 to 1733, Britain was located on the Atlantic coast of North America.

Established 13 colonies. Most people who arrived in the colonies were poor people in western Europe.

Working people include nobles, landlords and bourgeoisie, mainly British, Irish and Irish.

Germans, Germans and Dutch are the most. Some immigrants fled the disasters of war and religious oppression.

Victims are voluntary and involuntary "contract slaves", beggars and criminals; still

Black people were trafficked from Africa to the United States (see British North American colonies). 1607

1880, Britain established the 1 colony-Jamestown. 1620,

A group of Puritans arrived in North America by may flower and established Plymouth.

The colony of Luz.

1862 in may, Lincoln promulgated the homestead act, which allowed the reclamation of western land.

Farmers who have worked for five years have obtained 65,438+060 acres of land after paying a certificate fee of $65,438+00.

Right to use. Let the peasants who farm in the west stand on the side of abolitionists and die alone.

Established the southern alliance. 1 86365438+1October1,Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation.

In elementary schools, slaves in rebel States were regarded as free men and allowed to join the army.

During this period,1860,000 blacks took part in the actions of the federal army. American Marx

Socialists and workers took an active part in the actions of the federal army. K. Marx

And J. Wedemayer, a comrade-in-arms of F. Engles, moved to Missouri and other places to defend the border.

Xinjiang states have made contributions. European workers, especially British workers.

The domestic government's struggle for armed intervention in the federal government helps the United Nations.

A military victory in the state. Union troops occupied Atlanta, Georgia,

Split the confederacy in two and won the decision. 1April 9, 865

General lee, commander-in-chief of the confederate army, surrendered. United with Israel in the civil war

The state victory has come to an end. /kloc-in April, Lincoln was assassinated, and the next day, the vice president.

Johnson succeeded the president. Johnson reached a compromise with the planters in the south.

Policy. 1865165438+10, Mississippi promulgated the black code for the first time.

Cruel persecution of black people. The terrorist organization Klan was founded in 1866.

Free blacks publish privately. In this chaotic situation, * * * and the party.

The radical Congress proposed to impeach the President (failed due to lack of 1 vote).

), and article 13 of the Constitution was adopted in 1865, 1868 and 1870 respectively.

Amendment (declaring that slavery no longer exists in the United States) and amendment 14.

(blacks are recognized as American citizens), and the amendment to article 15 (giving blacks

Voting rights). 1867 In March, Congress passed a bill to rebuild the South, which was correct.

Military control is imposed in the south. 1867 ~ 1877, democratic reconstruction in the south.

The state has established a regime ruled by blacks and whites together, and has formulated democratic procedures.

By decree, 14 blacks were elected to the House of Representatives and two blacks were elected to the Senate.

Members. The conservative forces of the northern bourgeoisie tried to make peace with the plantations in the south.

Association, restore the old order in the south in the early post-war period, so as to fully deal with the National Day.

The rising movement of workers and peasants. The inauguration of R.B. Hayes as president marked the beginning of a new era.

The end of democratic reconstruction. 1877, blacks became the economic food sharing system.

Tenant farmers are still in a helpless position politically (see reconstruction period).

/kloc-After the rapid economic development of the United States in the second half of the 0/9th century and after the Civil War,

The abolition of plantation system in southern China is a great achievement of capitalism in the whole country.

Development creates conditions; Shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing have developed rapidly throughout the country.

Four railways have been built in China and a large area of land in the west has been reclaimed.

The disappearance of Xinjiang promoted the formation and expansion of the domestic unified market. In China and the West.

In the process of expanding the Ministry, the far west and the south, all regions have developed.

Industries with local characteristics. The influx of foreign immigrants provides a large number of

Labor enables large-scale agricultural production in North America. 1the second half of the 9th century

The mechanization of leaf agriculture has developed rapidly. From 1860 to 19 16, the cultivated land area is from

407 million mu increased to 879 million mu, and the area of improved land expanded.

More than three times. The output of wheat and corn has increased by about three times. Agricultural college students

Production crowding out and merging small-scale production, in the northern part of industry, is manifested in increasing agriculture.

With intensive cultivation, the number of large farms in other agricultural areas is gradually increasing.

Gradually increasing, 1900, half of the total agricultural products in the United States is 1/6.

What farmers produce forms the development path of American-style agricultural capitalism.

/kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, there were important inventions and breakthroughs in the field of science and technology.

The first is the application of electricity. Telephone invented by a g bell in 1876 and 1886.

T.A. Edison made the electric lamp in 1998, and the Duria brothers successfully trial-produced it in 1892.

Car, 1903 The Wright brothers successfully flew the plane. Electric power is widely used

Used in industry, leading to the all-round development of American capitalist economy. 1880

The proportion of American industry in the national GDP has surpassed that of agricultural and industrial students.

The gross domestic product jumped from the fourth place in the world at 1860 to the first place at 1894.

The United States has become a highly developed capitalist country.

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the accumulation of American people and production and

With the concentration of capital, the social structure of the United States has undergone tremendous changes, and the urban population has increased rapidly.

With the rapid increase, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat have become two opposing classes. produce

The organization and militancy of the industrial proletariat have been greatly enhanced. National Labor after the Civil War

Two major workers' organizations, the trade union and the Knights of Labor, have been established and fought for it.

An eight-hour working day is a sports goal. The national trade union has also proposed "equal work"

Equal pay for equal work "; The Knights of Labor, originally a secret organization, arrived at 188 1.

1998, it became the first native American workers' organization and absorbed it.

Unskilled workers, women, small business owners and farmers participated in the activities. 1884 United States and

Organized trade unions and labor federations in Canada (formerly AFL)

Body) is established, and once it passes the requirements, it will take eight hours in 1 May 8861.

System, is a historic resolution. Capitalist production has developed rapidly,

Promote the further intensification of labor-capital conflicts (see the American Labor Organization). 1877

In July, railway workers in West Virginia and Pennsylvania went on strike.

That is to say, it spread to all the important railway lines in the country, and it appeared 1 time in American history.

The scale of the national strike. 1886 may 1, 350,000 workers are eight.

Demonstrations were held under the hourly system, and the Chicago incident occurred on the evening of May 3.

City tragedy, so 1889 the second international Paris conference passed a resolution, which stipulated that.

May 1 day was designated as International Labor Day. 1892 Carnegie Steel Company reduced its work.

Information, arouse the strike of home steel workers. 1894 veterans

J. Cox led the unemployed army into Washington; In July, in a company.

Refused the reasonable demands of the workers, the workers went on strike, and the midwest railway was paralyzed.

Risk. The above strikes and "marches" were suppressed.

19 At the end of the 20th century, most of the new immigrants who poured into the United States came from the southeast.

In European countries, they either work in cities or act as non-professionals in emerging basic industries.

Skilled workers. Although the structure of workers has undergone major changes, the AFL still insists.

Only organize skilled workers' unions and implement the policy of compromise with business owners.

Pay attention to the interests of unorganized workers and blacks. 1905, one

A new type of left-wing trade union formed according to industrial principles-world industrial workers

Trade unions have established and organized unskilled workers, migrant workers in the west and workers in the east.

New migrant workers, including women, black and China workers; The combat effectiveness of the alliance

Very strong, led many strikes for higher wages and better treatment.

Being constantly suppressed, it was gradually influenced by anarchist unionism.

Yes, it disintegrated in the early 1920s.

/kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, American agriculture made great progress, but due to industry

The scissors difference of agricultural products and the agricultural crisis have put most farmers in trouble.

Since the late 1960s, American farmers have successively launched the peasant association movement.

Green-supported paper money movement and farmers' union movement launched a movement against depriving monopoly organizations.

The struggle against middlemen's oppression. 1892, and agriculture in the central and western regions

The civilian party, the third national party with the people as the backbone, demands implementation.

Economic and political reform, and participated in the presidential election. 1896 civilian party and

The Democratic Party jointly participated in the presidential election, and its platform was partially absorbed by the Democratic Party.

By 1900, the populist party had collapsed.

Progressives of the urban middle class exposed the existence of American society at that time.

A large number of drawbacks set off the reform movement and promoted the democratization of the United States.

It must work.

1909 In March, Chicago women workers in the United States fought for equal pay for equal work.

Strikes and marches have won the support of women all over the country and the world.

The following year, the International Women's Congress decided to designate March 8 as the National Day.

International Women's Day. The United States extended to 1920, and Congress passed the amendment to Article 19 of the Constitution.

Give women the right to vote.

19 after 70, blacks are oppressed and discriminated against.

From 1888 to 1900, the average number of lynchings per year is 156.

1905, led by famous black scholar and activist W.E.B du bois.

The Niagara Movement protested against this, which became a modern black movement.

The starting point of the liberation movement.

1887, the U.S. government canceled the Indian public ownership of land, and

1924 grant American citizenship to Indians.

The United States once recruited Chinese workers at low prices to build transcontinental railways in the west.

South China University of Technology has gone through hardships and made great contributions to the development of the western region, but in

When the development work was basically completed, anti-China atrocities continued to occur. 1902, row

After the passage of the Chinese Workers Law, Chinese workers were basically banned from entering the country (see the anti-China movement in the United States)

(1late 9th century).

/kloc-a representative figure of the American socialist movement in the second half of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

Before the civil war, there was advanced scientific socialism in line with the interests of the proletariat.

American communications. With the development of production after the Civil War, American capitalism is basically

Contradictions deepen and economic crises continue to occur. In 1873, 1883, 1893.

In the process of periodic crisis, social wealth is increasingly polarized and class contradictions arise.

Highlight. 1867 Marxists established the first international American branch in new york.

Department, 1872 ~ 1876 The first International General Assembly was located in new york, and Mark was in charge.

Division, Engels' comrade-in-arms F.A. Zuoge was appointed as general secretary. 1876, established

American workers' party. Among them, Marxists launched a movement against La Salle.

The struggle of molecules. 1877, the American workers' party was reorganized into the socialist labor party.

It was controlled by La Salle and F .. In the 1990s, de Delane took power of the party.

The leadership, emphasizing winning a majority of seats at the ballot box, is divorced from the workers.

Volkswagen. The outstanding socialist E.V. Debs founded American society in 1898.

The Social Democratic Party was reorganized into the American Socialist Party on 190 1. 19 12 American marks

Few thinkers have been able to form a powerful revolution.

The workers' party gave correct leadership to the booming workers' and peasants' movement at that time.

American domestic and foreign policies Before World War I, the United States was a latecomer.

By the end of 19, capitalist countries are carving up the world and plundering colonies.

Start with other imperialist countries.

Competitive activities. 1889, the United States held a pan-American conference to infiltrate Latin America.

Thoroughly 1898 launched the Spanish-American War and defeated the veteran colonialist Spanish.

Teeth, seized Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific.

Rubin Islands, and then merged with Hawaii Islands. At T. Roosevelt and W. H.

During Taft's administration, the United States used the "big stick policy" and "dollar" alternately.

Diplomacy. "Under the cover of the Monroe Declaration, dive into the Caribbean.

Through aggression, political and financial control was established. 1903 USA

He instigated a coup in Panama and seized the Panama Canal Zone. In the Far East, 1899

1998, the United States put forward an "open door" policy towards China and recognized China's rights.

The sphere of influence, and use their own economic advantages to expand trade. 1900,

The United States participated in Eight-Nation Alliance, violated China's territorial sovereignty, and obtained it in the north

The privilege of stationing troops in Beijing and other places. The United States supported the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905.

Hold Japan. After the Russo-Japanese War, the United States and Japan competed for the northeast market of China.

The contradiction intensified, and the two sides negotiated and signed 1908 camel-gaoping.

In the agreement, the two sides agreed to safeguard the vested interests of the two countries in the Pacific. China Xin

After the Shanghai Revolution, the United States actively infiltrated into China.

In the presidential election of 19 12, the democratic party always

Unified candidate t.w. Wilson came to power. Wilson took "New Freedom" as his name.

Calls for reform, in terms of internal affairs, reducing tariffs and establishing the Federal Reserve Bank.

Line system, through Clayton anti-monopoly law (19 14), collect progressive income.

Taxation (see Anti-monopoly Law). In foreign policy, he declared in Monroe.

Under the cover of armed intervention in Mexico, Nicaragua and other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

The United States from World War I to the end of the 1920s.

After the beginning of World War I, the United States declared neutrality and provided support to the warring parties.

Provide weapons and quickly lend them to allies. Wilson, 19 16

Catering to the voters' opposition to the United States' participation in the war, winning votes and being elected as a company.

Ren. 19 17 to ensure its economic interests in its allies.

On April 6th, Yi declared war on Germany after a German submarine sank an American warship.

After the United States entered the war, the Wilson administration punished spies in 19 17.

Laws and suppression of sedition laws are aggressive to the socialist left.

Members of the World Federation of Industrial Workers and Anti-war Persons were suppressed and suppressed.

1500 people were arrested. 19 19 suppressed workers' strikes many times. in time of war

Due to the interruption of foreign immigration to the United States, a large number of blacks migrated northward, supplementing

The labor force badly needed in the north, black people joining the army to fight abroad, also broadened their horizons.

During Wilson's administration, 425 blacks were lynched. Black anti-war after the war

The struggle against lynching and racial discrimination is becoming more and more fierce.

19 17, the United States and Japan signed the Lansing-Ishii Agreement, and the United States recognized Japan.

It has special interests in China, Shandong, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. United States, 19 18

China participated in the armed intervention of Soviet Russia 14 countries and did not withdraw until 1920.

Army (see Russian Civil War). 1918165438+10, Wilson signed a contract with Germany.

Armistice Agreement World War I promoted American economic prosperity. war

After that, the United States changed from a debtor country with a debt of $6 billion to a loan of $654.38+00 billion.

As a creditor, the United States has become the richest country. War monopolized capital in general.

This development is state monopoly capital. In February of the same year, Wilson personally took the lead.

The delegation went to Europe to attend the Paris Peace Conference, and suggested Wilson's 14 plan as the plan.

As the basis for concluding a peace treaty. At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson acquiesced in Japan.

Take advantage of the European War to seize the rights and interests occupied by the former Germans in Shandong, China.

And behind-the-scenes activities, ready to admit that the Japanese monopoly of China's "two.

Article 11 The people of China set off the anti-imperialist "May 4th Movement", forcing

The representative of China refused to sign the peace treaty. Wilson tried to rebuild a country.

The League of Nations stepped in to dominate the world. The emerging Midwest consortium in the United States advocates the United States

The focus should be extended to the Asia-Pacific region, and it is required to avoid being involved in European disputes, so * * *

The Senate controlled by the Communist Party of China (CPC) made 14 reservations to the Covenant of the League of Nations.

International boycott of the League of Nations Covenant. The United States did not join the League of Nations. After the establishment of the League of Nations

The right of guidance is in the hands of Britain and France.

192 1 year * * and the party w.g. Harding came to power when the United States was in full swing.

Economic depression. He put forward "industrial normalization" and "saving capitalism"; correct

19 19 The United States, which was founded, pursued an anti-* * policy and persecuted progressives.

The producer was forced to go underground. In order to compete for hegemony in the Far East and the Pacific,

192 1 ~ 1922, the United States held the Washington conference to separate Britain from Japan.

Alliance, the construction of the capital ship tonnage and the British equal, and in the "door"

Under the banner of "open door" and "equal opportunity", the nine-nation meeting ended.

Become an imperialist power that controls China. As far as European policy is concerned,

1924, the United States made the Dawes plan and lent money to Germany to restore Germany.

Economy.

1923 ~ 1929 world capitalism has entered a relatively stable period. beautiful

The renewal of domestic fixed capital, the rise of construction, automobile and steel workers

The expansion of industry and the surge in the export of goods and capital, 1923 American workers

There has been a new upsurge in business. At the same time, the second American enterprise "merged"

Wave ",that is, further trust, spread to the whole bank and industrial sector.

Especially water, electricity and gas utilities, and even extended to the retail business sector.

Doors. * * * The Republican C Coolidge's administration was a period of American economic prosperity. private

People's monopoly capital has made great progress. Due to the abnormal development of domestic emerging industries and

Overproduction has caused a serious imbalance in the proportion of various sectors of the national economy, resulting in an imbalance between production and consumption.

The cost is out of line, and agriculture is in a chronic crisis for a long time. 1June, 929, the first explosion in America.

A serious economic crisis occurred, and then capitalist countries fell into 1929.

~ 1933 world economic crisis (see American economic crisis 1929 ~ 1933)

Machine). * * * and the laissez-faire policy adopted by the Hoover administration of the Republican Party and the anti-.

The crisis measures failed.

American Democrat Roosevelt 1933 in 1930s

As the 32nd president of the United States. The Roosevelt administration implemented a state-owned economic policy.

Implement the "New Deal" of extensive intervention and adjustment, rectify finance and revive workers and peasants.

Industry, organized relief, etc. , saved the serious economic crisis in the United States, and added

Strengthened state monopoly capitalism. 1933165438+1October, the United States established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

Adopt a "good neighbor policy" towards Latin America. 1937 new economic crisis

Degree appears. 1938 Roosevelt adopted the method of expanding deficit expenditure, which made this

The subprime mortgage crisis has eased; After the outbreak of World War II, the United States revived its army.

Only in this way can the economy recover and prosper.

1929, the American * * * production party eliminated opportunists such as J. Lovestone.

Molecules, by w.z. foster as secretary of the central secretariat of the United States. In the economic crisis

In the machine age, the United States led the campaign against hunger and for employment, in the "new"

During the political period, it had a great influence on the left-wing trade union movement. 1938, by

In the left-wing and center-left alliances, industrial trade unions formed according to industrial principles are United.

Will be established (hereinafter referred to as the Federation of Industry and Commerce), composed of unskilled workers who have never organized an AFL.

The workers are organized. The influence of the left-wing trade union movement and the needs of the broad masses of the people