Guan Chunyun's Main Achievements and Contributions

Guan Chunyun has been devoted to the teaching and scientific research of crop cultivation and breeding since 1959, and has made outstanding contributions in the field of rape cultivation and breeding, and his research results have produced great social and economic benefits.

1. has made great achievements in the theoretical research of high yield, high quality and high efficiency cultivation of rapeseed.

The basic law of rape growth and development is further proved, which has important theoretical guidance for high-yield cultivation of rape. Guan Chunyun found some important growth and development laws of rape through a comprehensive and systematic study on organogenesis and physiological and ecological characteristics: (1) Before seedling stage, the number of main stem nodes is determined, after seedling stage, the number of effective flower buds is determined, bud stage is determined, the number of effective ovules is determined, flowering stage is determined, and maturity stage is determined by grain weight, oil content and protein content. (2) Increasing the total number of pods per unit area is the key to increase the yield of rape. In the case of high yield, the number and weight of grains per fruit are also very important. (3) Rape is different from rice and wheat, and both biological yield and harvest index play an important role in improving economic yield. These laws have become an important theoretical guidance for rape cultivation.

The theoretical and technical system of rape winter wool cultivation was established, which significantly improved the yield of rape in the main producing areas of China. On the basis of the above, Guan Chunyun put forward for the first time in 1964 that popularizing winter rape is an important way of high yield in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and then established the theory and technical system of winter rape cultivation, and put forward the morphological and physiological indexes and technical measures of winter rape in different periods. Its main theoretical basis is: before winter is an important period of organ differentiation and nutrient accumulation in rape, and after spring is the period of organ completion; Although the absolute dry weight of rape is less before winter and more after spring, if it is accumulated before winter, the yield will be high after spring. The climate in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is favorable for winter. He went deep into the countryside for a long time and set an example. 1978 The Ministry of Agriculture held a training course for rape cadres in four provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in Hunan. He was invited to give a special lecture on winter hair technology, which promoted this technology in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and greatly promoted the development of rapeseed production and the increase of yield. The yield per mu increased from about 50 kg to about 90 kg. From 1978 to 1995, Hunan alone increased its income by 2.07 billion yuan due to the popularization of winter rape technology. In recent years, the information platform of winter application technology has been developed by using information technology, and the first rape cultivation management expert system in China has been established.

According to the ecological characteristics of light and temperature, rape is divided into four types for the first time. Different varieties have different responses to light and temperature ecological conditions, which affect crop introduction, breeding, variety layout and cultivation measures. Through research, Guan Chunyun improved the light and temperature ecological characteristics of rape into four types for the first time in 1986, namely, winter rape has weak light sensitivity in winter, weak light sensitivity in half winter and weak light sensitivity in spring; Spring rape is only sensitive in spring. The temperature and light sensitivity periods of Brassica napus were 7~8 leaf stage and 10~ 12 leaf stage respectively. The geographical distribution of the above four types was determined, and the endogenous gibberellin content was analyzed. These research results have changed the misconception that spring rape and winter rape have strong photosensitivity, and the stronger the winter variety, the stronger the photosensitivity, which has played an important guiding role in production. This classification has been recognized and praised by well-known rape experts in China, Canadian, Russian and American.

2. Excellent quality and high yield rapeseed breeding, especially double-low variety breeding, has made outstanding achievements.

Presided over the breeding of a new rape variety 10 with high quality and high yield. In order to realize the combination of high yield and high quality, Guan Chunyun presided over the breeding of rape varieties Xiangnongyou 1, Xiangnongyou No.2 and Xiangnongyou No.3 before 1985. 1979 began to explore the problem of double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) rapeseed, 1987 bred the first approved double-low rapeseed in China. This achievement was once rated as one of the top ten scientific and technological achievements in Hunan Province, and was listed as the key popularized variety in the Eighth Five-Year Plan. Later, seven double-low varieties such as You Xiang 13, You Xiang 14, You Xiang 15 and Xiangnongyou 57 1 were successively bred. These varieties have been widely promoted in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Anhui, Hubei and other provinces, increasing income by more than 2 billion yuan. On this basis, he summarized and put forward a new method of double-low and high-yield rapeseed breeding: (1) The combination model takes China high-yield and disease-resistant varieties as female parents and the introduced double-low varieties as male parents; (2) giving priority to the high-yield traits of hybrid offspring; (3) The seed selection nursery is set in the isolation area, which solves the problem that a large number of bagging affects the selection; (4) Breeding varieties with large petals and abundant pollen solved the problem of poor spring seed setting of rape in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

In 1970s, the utilization of rape heterosis was just emerging in China and even the world, and various utilization methods were being explored. Guan Chunyun began to study the problem of preparing rape hybrids by chemical castration on 1976, and screened the first efficient and non-toxic male killer on 1979. Subsequently, this research was included in the National Sixth Five-Year Plan. After many years' research, * * * has developed four kinds of high-efficiency and non-toxic male-killing agents, and established the technical system of chemical male-killing rape seed production, including application time, concentration, dosage, ratio of parents to rows, which can induce more than 90% male-sterile plants, and systematically studied the mechanism of chemical male-killing. Guan Chunyun presided over the breeding of Xiangzayou 1 and Xiangzayou 6. By using this technology, China has bred eight strong heterosis combinations, among which Xiangzayou 1 set a record for the highest rape yield in Hunan Province (268kg/mu). This technology (1987) was recognized as the international leading technology at the 7th International Rape Congress.

3. Significant progress has been made in the field of rapeseed biotechnology.

Diseases and insect pests are important factors affecting the yield and quality of rapeseed. Under the auspices of Guan Chunyun, the Bt toxic white gene was used to transform rape 1994. By 1998, the first stable transgenic rape strain in China was obtained, and it was funded by the 863 project. In 2000, experts appraised that the project was at the leading level in China. Based on the population analysis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance gene mapping, the first molecular marker genetic map of rapeseed in China was published, and the QTL of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance gene was located. At the same time, a cDNA library was constructed and the resistance gene of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was cloned. The research of genetic engineering hybrid rape has also been successful, and a male sterile line with barnase gene and a male sterile restorer line with barstar gene have been successfully bred, and strong heterosis has been bred. Approved by the Gene Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, these three transgenic rapeseed lines are being tested in the field. In addition, three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility 1 set of rapeseed have been bred, and through technical appraisal, rapeseed lines with oleic acid content above 70% and double low yellow-seeded rapeseed lines have been bred by radiation breeding in recent years, and they are participating in variety comparison tests and regional tests.

4. There are great discoveries in the study of raw rape in Xinjiang.

In order to broaden the germplasm resources, Guan Chunyun and Qian Xiuzhen presided over the investigation of wild rape resources in Xinjiang and Yunnan, which was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation 65438-0987, and led a team to conduct on-the-spot investigation, and found a cruciferous species with n=9, which had not been reported or recorded in China before. Guan Chunyun and others confirmed that this species is a wild white mustard seed distributed in China according to the research results of morphology, ecology, cytogenetics and molecular level. It is a new germplasm resource with strong growth potential, strong pest resistance, low erucic acid content and male sterile cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic male sterile line of wild rape in Xinjiang was obtained through research.

Guan Chunyun loves the socialist motherland, adheres to the Party's line, abides by discipline and law, is loyal to the Party's educational cause, has a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, is rigorous in style of study, and is scientific and realistic. He presided over and participated in more than 20 national key scientific and technological projects such as National 863, National Natural Science Foundation, National 948, National High-tech Industry Project and Provincial Key Scientific Research Project. 10 national and provincial authorized rapeseed varieties (combinations) have been cultivated, and the theory of winter planting and the promotion of cultivated varieties have created nearly 5 billion yuan of social and economic benefits; Published 8 monographs (4 independent works and 4 chief editors), and published more than 100 papers (including 23 first author's periodical papers); Won more than 0 scientific and technological achievement awards 10, including 2 national scientific and technological progress awards 1, 2 third prizes, 4 first and second prizes of provincial departments and 8 first prizes. Won the second prize of national teaching achievement, the first prize of provincial teaching achievement and the first prize. We have trained 0/5 postgraduates/kloc-,more than 20 doctoral students and 0/2 postdoctoral students.