Are there alien creatures existing on earth or hiding among humans?

Looking out the window of my house, I see a nearby church and a parking lot in front of it that is often vacant. When I was in elementary school, every night before I went to bed, I would look eagerly at the dark and silent parking lot, longing for the end of the world. One day, a spaceship flying from billions of light-years away will fall from the sky, and I will be the first person to witness this, and even become the representative of the earth to welcome these extraterrestrial visitors. . Just think about it, being able to become a strategic person in history

a person who knows what "human beings" are like on other planets, that is something that makes many people excited and proud

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However, privately I have another reason, that is, I firmly believe that if creatures from outer space really visit the earth, it will shock the entire human society. An epoch-making event, the world is likely to be completely changed as a result. By then. Maybe I no longer need

to go to school every day, nor do I need to study day and night to cope with the endless tests and exams...

So you can imagine . I looked out the window a lot during the exams, and I was in a particularly earnest mood! Unfortunately, day after day, year after year. This wish failed every time. Now, the study period has been over for a long time. Looking back on the scene back then, I can't help but laugh to myself.

My personal experience is not worth writing about. But when I think about the flying saucer craze in recent decades, what is the psychology behind it?

respectively? After thinking about it, I felt it was worth mentioning.

Of course, most people do not want to avoid studying and exams like I did when I was a child. They want to escape. It is often the struggle in life and the depression at work. They place their hopes on external impacts and hope for some earth-shattering changes to break the cage of the current social system. Or have superhuman wisdom to solve the difficulties that the world is in today.

Admittedly, their psychology is not all about escaping or sustenance. Just like I long to see the true appearance of "alien"

They are also attracted by a wave of Driven by a strong curiosity, I want to know whether there are other advanced intelligent creatures in the universe besides us

If so, whether their shape, appearance and even thoughts and feelings are similar to ours Completely different?

Can you share your thoughts with us?

In recent years, the most successful movie about flying saucers and aliens is none other than Stephen Spielberg's "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" ( Close En-counters of the Third Kind (1978) and E.T. (1982). The popularity of these two films reflects the growing public interest in the subject of life in outer space.

It is only in recent years that the general public is interested in this topic. However, a few people's writings on this topic have a long history.

As human beings realize that the universe is vast and boundless, and the world we live in is only a very small part of the universe

We are keen and rich in thinking. The imaginative mind begins to ask such a question: The study of astronomy tells us. Each of the bright stars in the sky is a huge celestial body that shines and generates heat on its own like our sun. So, are all these lights and heats wasted? In the vastness of the universe, is it possible that only the earth, which is indescribably small, nurtures life? Are humans alone in the universe?

In the mid-16th century, Copernicus replaced the geocentric theory with the Earth as the center of the universe with the theory of seismic motion. One of the enthusiastic supporters of the seismic theory, Giordano Bruno, took this new cosmology one step further and put forward the perspective of a pluralistic world. According to this point of view, there are many earth-like worlds illuminated by other suns, and these worlds nurture different forms of life, and even other human beings and other minds. However, it was for these "heresies

that Bruno was burned at the stake by the then Holy See in 1600, becoming the first person in the scientific world under theocratic rule

Martyrs.

But torture cannot destroy people's spirit of seeking truth. The fact that "the earth is just one world among many" has finally been gradually accepted by the intellectual community. The German astronomer Kepler, who is famous for deriving only the three laws of planetary motion, boldly hypothesized that there are living things on the moon in his book "Sleepwalking" published in 1634. exist.

In the story, there are some strange plants growing on the moon that live and die in the morning and evening (a day on the moon is about

two weeks on the earth); in addition There are also some huge animals with human faces and snake bodies, which are active on the surface of the moon during the day, and during the long and slow nights, they hide in caves under the moon's surface to avoid the severe cold. This work written more than 200 years ago can be said to be

the first attempt to speculate and describe aliens.

In 1752, the French philosopher Francois Voltaire described in a work that

two different kinds of things came from Saturn and Sirius respectively. Famous planet people. But except that we know that the people on these planets are much taller than the people on the earth, we know nothing else. The reason is that Voltaire did not intend to discuss the topic of life in outer space. He created these two alien visitors just to reveal and satirize various moral, ethical and political issues in society at that time.

On the contrary, in the serious academic work "The System of the Universe" published in 1755, the famous German philosopher Kant (lmmanuei Kant) With a serious attitude, he wrote an article "An attempt to compare the inhabitants of different planets based on the analogy of human nature." Based on the different degrees of heating of each planet, he believed that the earth is farther from the sun than the earth.

The inhabitants of the nearby Mercury and Venus must be relatively clumsy and slow; on the contrary, the inhabitants of planets other than the earth such as Saturn and Jupiter

are light and flexible. . Although Kant's inference is not very scientific, his attempt to combine facts and conjecture, reasoning and imagination has the characteristics of a good science fiction conception. It is a pity that science fiction novels

were not yet popular at that time, otherwise he might have become a very outstanding science fiction novel writer!

However, although individual scholars have thought about the issue of life in outer space, they have no idea about it. For most people, this concept is still very unfamiliar and even difficult to accept. Although the French Jules Verne is the originator of modern science fiction, his works did not

touch on this topic. The real breakthrough came in 1898 with the publication of The War of the Worlds. In this vivid and gripping novel, Wells, the British science fiction master, depicts a thrilling scene of Martians invading the earth. Anyone who has read this book will never forget this passage in the first chapter of the book: "... However, at the other end of the vast space, there is another race. We are advanced, just like

We are better than the various animals on the earth that are born and die; they are wise, cold and have no mercy. At this moment

we are Looking greedily at the earth, and slowly formulating a plan to conquer mankind..."

The content of the story is very simple. It describes that there is an ancient and technologically advanced civilization on Mars. As the climate of Mars is becoming increasingly dry, although these Martians have built a large-scale canal system, they still cannot solve the increasingly serious water source problem. In order to escape the fate of destruction due to lack of water, they decided to immigrate to Earth, a planet with a far more pleasant environment.

UFOs began to land on the outskirts of London one after another, and the armed defenses on the earth were destroyed one by one by the "death rays" fired from the UFOs.

Just when mankind was retreating steadily and the entire earth was about to be conquered, the invading Martians died suddenly and mysteriously, and mankind was spared. It turns out that the weapons of those Martians are invincible. But because they

were not adapted to the earth's environment, they had no defense against the earth's germs and ended up dying at the hands of some very common

terrestrial germs!

As soon as "Space War" came out, the term "Martians" spread like wildfire, and the idea of ??"outer space creatures invading the earth" became even more popular and became " In addition, the flying saucers, death rays (called "heat rays" in the original book) and the octopus-like aliens described in the book have become the subjects of countless science fiction novels in the future. A model in the science fiction world.

This book is truly a classic of science fiction.

Orson Welles, the American drama genius best known for his role in "The Great Nation", died on Halloween in 1938.

Based on "Space War", the radio broadcast reported the news of Martians suddenly invading the earth. After hearing this, many people believed it to be true and rushed to tell each other in fear. Some even ran away in their cars, which became the biggest prank in the history of broadcasting.

In 1953, Hollywood officially adapted this novel to the screen, making more people more familiar with the story.

On the other hand, science fiction has continued to advance beyond the scope of the book "Cosmic War".

Okay, now let’s take a look at the works produced by some outstanding writers with aliens as their themes in the more than half a century since this book was published.

Fourteen o'clock after the publication of "Cosmic War", writer Burroughs, who is world-famous for creating the legendary character Tarzan, created a series of adventure stories about Mars. Although strictly speaking. These works are just some thrilling and adventurous fantasy novels. They do not focus on the topic of aliens, but the Martians described in them. Strange, ancient, and colorful, it leaves a deep impression on people. And it also created the trend of the so-called "bug-eyed monster" (REM, bug-eyed

monster), an image of a wise man.

The way the protagonist of the story, John Carter, arrived on Mars - with a magical spiritual will - was unscientific.

But after he arrived. The Mars described by Burroughs was based as much as possible on the scene imagined by the astronomer Lowe Steel at the time. There are many different tribes living there. Among them, the green tribe is three meters tall, has four arms and a mouth full of white fangs, and its eyes are on a pair of tentacles. ; In addition, there are the red people with the highest culture, the black people who live by plundering, the yellow people who live by hunting, and the rest include the headless people, cannibals and other extremely extreme people. All

weird races. These tribes were at odds with each other, fighting to survive in the extremely dry and thin air environment of Mars, from 1912 to 1950. Over the course of more than 30 years, President Burroughs wrote eleven novels set on Mars, which have fascinated thousands of readers and inspired young people to read and even Interest in writing science fiction novels.

In 1934, an unknown young writer named Stanley G. Weinbarlm published the short story "A Malrtian Odyssey". In an instant, it received "warm welcome and unanimous praise

. This short story is recognized as a classic in alien science fiction. The reason is that Weinbaum created fire in the story

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The aliens give people a refreshing feeling. They are neither octopuses who only focus on conquering the earth, nor are they just

with three heads and six arms, but they are basically the same appearance as humans. Star Tribe. They have a different culture, a different attitude towards life and a different way of thinking from us. But behind these strange differences, these ostrich-like Martian soil

< p>But their kindness and trust towards the people on earth were endearingly exchanged for "cunning and deception, causing them

to lose the sacred objects passed down from generation to generation, which made people feel sad. Ridiculous and pathetic.

But in those days, friendly and lovable aliens were still not a mainstay of science fiction, and they were still a source of terror and

death. It is a very fascinating theme. The short story "Who Goes There?" written by John W. Campbell in 1938 is a horror novel. Masterpiece. The story describes a group of scientists living under the ice in Antarctica and discovering these terrifying alien creatures that arrived on Earth 20 million years ago and were frozen. The monster gradually woke up after thawing, but quickly escaped and hid. People in the Antarctic base disappeared mysteriously one after another, and the entire base fell into suspicious chaos. It turned out that this monster escaped. Alien creatures can

transform at will, and as long as they eat a creature, they can become exactly like that creature.

The scientists in the base who escaped from death are like this deformed one. The monster fought fiercely and finally destroyed him. In 1951, Hollywood adapted this story into a movie called "The Thing". But the effect is much worse than the original.

The 1978 movie "Alien", which became a blockbuster with nuclear explosions and shock effects, was basically inspired by it.

From this article. In the 1980s, Hollywood remade the original film as "The Thing" due to the advancement of special effects. Especially in "Alien"

In 1951, Heinlein continued to develop the idea of ??shape-shifting alien invaders in his novel.

In "The Puppet Masters", some alien creatures like giant amoeba secretly invade the earth

. They stick to the victim's spine in a parasitic form. And penetrate into their central nervous system to control their thoughts and behaviors. Due to the author's delicate writing style and realistic descriptions, reading the whole book can't help but make people feel terrified.

The one that continues this tradition but is unique is "The Saliva Tree" (The

Saliva Tree) by Aldis in 1966.

This work was specially written by Aurobindo to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Wells. The article uses a

half-horror and half-humorous approach to describe some invisible aliens causing trouble in a farm: domestic animals like pigs, cows, etc.

died mysteriously. And the corpses were just shriveled skin and bones. The body was empty, like a deflated ball of air. The owner of the farm was puzzled at first, but after further investigation, he discovered the truth: it turned out that those aliens did not just eat the fat. And it can secrete a super powerful saliva that can melt the muscles and internal organs of domestic animals first and turn them into paste, which can then be sucked and swallowed by them!

In film and television productions, alien invasion of the earth has always been a popular subject. In addition to the just mentioned

"Foreign Object" and its modern versions of "Alien" and "The Thing". Another classic is 1955's "Invasion of the Body Snatchers". In the movie, some alien plants that look like giant bean sprouts land on Earth. These plants can not only control the thoughts and feelings of people nearby, but can also replicate a walking zombie in the body that is exactly like that person. Due to the excellent expression techniques and atmosphere creation of the movie, it makes people shudder when watching it.

Among the TV productions, the earlier "The Invaders" and the more recent "The Invaders" (V) have been broadcast in Hong Kong. The former tells the story of the male protagonist witnessing the secret landing of a flying saucer on the earth by alien invaders, but he is unable to convince the people around him to believe this fact. The latter describes aliens coming to Earth in a friendly manner. And gained the love and trust of the people on earth. It was only later revealed that they had evil intentions and were bent on enslaving mankind. Conquer the Earth.

In many science fiction productions featuring aliens, aliens do not always appear as demons or invaders

Although friendly aliens are indeed more difficult to create dramatic conflicts, a trend in science fiction movies in recent years has been to depict aliens as friendly messengers. What drove this trend was Steven Spielberg's "Alien", which was full of childlike innocence and warmth. Because of this movie, it became a global phenomenon. Most of the future movies take the premise that humans can establish friendship with aliens. In a more recent movie "Cocoon", aliens not only establish friendship with earthlings

but also help a group of old people regain their youth and go to another world to start a new life. Life. From the fear that aliens will bring death and disaster to the desire for aliens to bring gifts and miracles. This wonderful psychological transformation reflected in science fiction movies is actually a very interesting research topic in social psychology.

It can break the boundaries of friendship and hostility and elevate the relationship between human beings and aliens to a new level. No;

It was someone else, the world-renowned science fiction writer Clark. "Childhood's End" (Childhood's End), which he published in 1953, is still considered by many readers to be his most outstanding work.

The story opens with clichéd aliens arriving on earth. Huge spaceships appear in the skies around the world.

But unlike previous works, the author points out very logically that because the aliens' technology is much higher than that of humans, the latter were completely conquered without any room for resistance. But the purpose of these aliens is not to labor or plunder. They are only capable of almost god-like power and prohibit "all oppression, massacre and all kinds of strife on earth

; as guardians, they lead mankind onto the broad road of rationality and prosperity. By the end of the book In the second half,

the plot takes a twist: it turns out that although the intelligence and technology of those aliens are much superior to those on earth, they have actually reached an evolutionary dead end. There can be no more breakthroughs. On the contrary, Earthlings, a relatively backward race, have special talents and potentials, and they actually have a very important mission when they visit the Earth. It is to guide human beings to reach an evolutionary peak that they can never reach. At the end of the book, human beings gradually transform and become spiritual. A new realm. The alien saw that the child he had cultivated had passed away in childhood.

Retired...

The whole book has profound artistic conception and superb imagination. The scene of people retreating quietly is even more touching. When I first read it, I couldn't help crying.

Ered Hoyle is a famous astronomer in Cambridge. The steady-state cosmology proposed in the 1950s was once a major theory in modern cosmology, although this theory has been abandoned by the scientific community.

But his achievement on the other hand still enjoys a lofty status today, that is his 1957 science fiction novel "Dark Cloud" 》(The Black Cloud).

The above-mentioned huge interstellar gas cloud in the novel accidentally broke into the solar system and separated the sun from the earth

causing an unprecedented catastrophe on the earth. . Later, a research base was established thanks to the concerted efforts and perseverance of a group of scientists. After their diligent research, they finally discovered that the gas cloud turned out to be an extremely special life form with superb intelligence. One of the scientists used radio waves to establish a connection with the black cloud. In the end, the gas cloud finally left, and the earth recovered from the catastrophe. Although the gas cloud wanted to help the humans on the earth

and tried to destroy it. It possesses a large amount of knowledge and imparts it to us, but because the intellectual level is too far apart and the spiritual world is too different, it is really difficult to communicate with the one who is trying to establish communication with the black cloud. The scientist finally became mentally and physically exhausted and fell into madness and died. However, he also became a hero in the history of mankind for his bold imagination. , rigorous scientific reasoning, delicate writing, and broad layout and vision are enough to make it a classic among modern science fiction novels.

Second. Contact! - A watershed in human history

Since mankind embarked on the road to civilization, many different cultural systems have emerged. Between these systems, there are extremely important differences. Different social, economic and political structures have different languages, customs, ethics, religious beliefs, value orientations, cultural creations, etc., and even some more pessimistic cultural anthropology A writer once declared:

People who grow up in a certain historical and cultural system will never be able to fully understand the various thoughts and behaviors in another cultural system.

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But let us not forget that the above differences are only the result of the development of the same species on the surface of the same planet

Except for some trivial differences in skin color and body shape. Everyone in the world is one part of the same big family

We have the same genetic structure, so we also have the same senses and thinking abilities. *The most brilliant culture, the most profound philosophy, the most brilliant insight, the greatest art

and the most touching literature in history... Everything is just the creation of the same mind. Although the cultures on the earth are very different, they all belong to the same culture in the final analysis: the culture of the earth. The only advanced intelligent creature in the world, human beings have never encountered other cultures and other minds.

With this basic understanding, we can begin to understand: there are other suns shining in the universe. Next, based on

different living environments, different chemical and physiological structures, and different evolutionary histories, higher intelligent organisms

will have different thoughts and ideas. Emotions. What different cultural creations and value orientations have emerged...

The encounter between China and the West has become a watershed in Chinese history. But it is still an encounter between people.

It is conceivable that the contact between human beings and extraterrestrial civilizations will be the biggest watershed in human history. As for what comes after the watershed, it is still completely unknown territory.

Obviously, describe how humans come into contact with alien civilizations. And the consequences of this contact are one of the biggest challenges in science fiction creation

.

Science fiction is such a rich and unruly creative field. On one hand. We have many creations, in which the aliens only exist as part of the background of the story. But on the other hand, we still have no shortage of works about

"contact", the first encounter between humans and aliens. Because the subject matter of "contact" is so rich, there is no work that can fully explain its mysteries. The first person to approach this subject in a more serious and rigorous manner was the short story written by the American science fiction writer Murray Leinster in 1945

"First Contact". In the story, a human spaceship and an alien spaceship meet in interstellar space. Since neither side is sure whether the other side is secretly hostile, they dare not act rashly in order to prevent their own truth from being revealed and giving the other side the upper hand. In the end, in order to break the deadlock, both parties had no choice but to change ships and exchange

collaterals as determined through negotiation.

Will the first contact between humans and aliens really be dominated by doubts and suspicions? Or is this just a reflection of human beings' suspicious character in science fiction creation? (World War II had just ended when the story was published.

)In any case,

This early classic is thought-provoking.

The appearance of aliens in science fiction novels certainly preceded 1945. But in the serious academic field

. The concept of life in outer space has always been regarded as nonsense. This situation. It was not until the 1960s that there was a breakthrough.

In November 1961, a group of internationally renowned scientists gathered at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in West Virginia, USA, to discuss the past of life in outer space for the first time. It's a topic that only belongs to the field of science fiction. Scientists attending the meeting included the Nobel Prize-winning chemist Melvin Calvin, the famous astronomer Otto Struve, and Drake. Frank Drake), Huang Shushu (a famous Chinese-American astronomer), Sagan, as well as physicist Philip Morrison and biologist Leary, who is famous for studying the intelligence of dolphins.

(John C. Lilley). the outcome of the meeting. It is the famous "Greenbank Formula" (The(Greenbank Formula,

named after the place where the meeting was held).