Who was the greatest emperor in ancient China?

Li Shimin (Taizong) 1 He uses people in an eclectic way, and his use and leadership of talents have reached a high level; He has a unique eye, saw the lack of personal strength, fully realized that only a king is like a stone and a good minister is like a craftsman can produce beautiful jade, and humbly adopted the minister's progressive words; A political management system of separation of powers and mutual supervision has been initially established, stipulating that laws and decrees, including their own (parts that affect national policies), must be examined and countersigned by provincial organs before they can take effect and be issued, thus ensuring the feasibility, timely discovery and correction of policies. Put an end to the harm and influence of bad policies on the country and people; Recognizing the legal and political policy that human life is paramount, it is stipulated that the death penalty can only be executed after three repetitions (five repetitions elsewhere). It is not difficult to recognize that only 29 people were sentenced to death in the fourth year of Zhenguan (630) and 290 people were sentenced to death in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632). Emperor Taizong sized up the situation and ordered all 290 people to go home for the New Year and come back for retrial after the autumn harvest next year. As a result, 290 people were sentenced to death. The martial arts prosperity of Tang Taizong Dynasty achieved brilliant victories (Turkic, Tuguhun, Gaochang, Anxi, Mobei Snow featherleaf rodgersflower, etc.) except for the strategic victory in the Korean War. ), which is inseparable from the national strength at that time, the overall strategy of the army, the tacit understanding of employing people, the coordination of processes and other important factors. Therefore, Zhenguan Dynasty occupies a considerable proportion among the famous soldiers in the history of China, and it is in China. 6 Swallow the world's "Tiankhan" temperament, so that Li Shimin repeatedly scared twice the result with half the effort. The classic battle was to scare off the Turks' 65438+ Wanjing Ride in Weishui. Far from Song Zhenzong's insistence and demands in Kou Zhun, he barely reached the south of Ai City under the escort of the army, but he had to go back trembling! Focusing on the overall situation, Tang Taizong's domestic and foreign policies achieved brilliant victory. As long as people all over the world know that China's efforts are attached to it, they are proud of Tang Dynasty and happy to be at ease. They can not only live as freely as Tang people, but also be an official. Ashina Seymour, Gao Xianzhi and Li Guangbi, famous generals of ethnic minorities, made outstanding contributions to the Tang Dynasty. Improve the imperial examination system, vigorously set up schools, attach importance to educational activities, and popularize the election of officials. At that time, there were many schools all over the country, so it was not difficult to remember the education at that time. At the same time, the imperial examination was standardized and fair, with Jinshi as the most prominent. Only then did Emperor Taizong see the new Jinshi filed out and happily said, "The hero of the world, he saved the country with me", which was the education of the Tang Dynasty. 9. Calligraphy and rich characters, Tang Taizong's personal accomplishment and talent are extremely high, and his calligraphy characters are also quite famous. With his vigorous promotion and encouragement, calligraphy, literature and art flourished in the Tang Dynasty. 10 advocates clean government, frugality and simplicity, and attaches importance to farmland water conservancy. Emperor Taizong's dynasty was quite successful in building a clean government. Instead of severely punishing corrupt officials like Zhu Yuanzhang, he established a clean and law-abiding central leadership group and attached importance to the election of local governors. At that time, many court ministers were poor, including Wen Yanbo, Dai Zhou, Yu Zhining and Zhang. Emperor Taizong also paid more attention to thrift, did not abuse people's power, and paid attention to sharing interests with the people. At that time, the society formed a simple and realistic style; Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to agriculture. Emperor Taizong visited Beijing outside Beijing and asked about it first. Because the coronation ceremony of the prince violated the farming season, it was changed. 1 1 Due to social stability and the development of commercial economy, many commercial cities have mushroomed all over the country, and urban industries have also made great progress. Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Chengdu, Jiangling and Liangzhou have developed rapidly. Chang 'an and Luoyang are self-evident as world economic metropolises, which laid a solid foundation for the feudal economy to reach the top. 12 supported Xuanzang's Buddhism and affirmed his westward journey, which opened up and maintained the Hexi Corridor-Silk Road, linked Silla and Japan to the East, and promoted cultural exchanges and economic development between China and the West. Princess Wencheng married Tubo, which made Tubo enter feudal society from slave society and developed and promoted the development of Tibet. To sum up, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was a great statesman, strategist, writer, calligrapher, outstanding leader and an outstanding figure who influenced China and the world. He has made outstanding contributions to the Chinese nation and people, leaving behind brilliant achievements and spiritual wealth, so he is revered by people. As Mr Zhu Dongyang said, "He is one of the greatest people in China after Confucius". References:

/view/254 1.htm#4 2 Liu Che (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) When Emperor Wu ascended the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the country's economic situation was quite good; on the other hand, the separatist factors of the vassal states still existed, and the potential threat was not small. Therefore, while continuing to implement the policy of Emperor Jing, he took a series of measures to strengthen the centralization of absolutism. Politics: In politics, Zhu's suggestion was adopted and an "Enzhi" was promulgated, which weakened the influence of enfeoffment of vassal states in the early Han Dynasty and strengthened the supervision system. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also made some innovations in ancient times, including the right to receive photos, the establishment of secretariat and other major reforms and innovations, and established a systematic and complete political system that embodied the principle of Legalists "ruling the country by law and not avoiding relatives and friends". This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. Military: foreign friendship: militarily, it is mainly to concentrate military forces and enrich the central military forces; Reform the military system. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns, which made the northern border counties stable, and Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, which opened up the northwest frontier: it opened up the land-granting channel economy between the Western Han Dynasty and the western regions and even Central Asia; On the economic front, the financial sector was reorganized, "liquidation" and "warning" orders were issued, and a merchant asset tax was levied to crack down on wealthy businessman dajia; Sang Hongyang suggested that smelting iron and boiling salt should be returned to the official camp, and it is forbidden to cast money in counties and counties; The establishment of leveling officials and loss-sharing officials, as well as the government's management of transportation and trade, have greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest and implementing the "land substitution law" are conducive to the development of agricultural production. Another important measure in the economy was to unify the currency at that time. Thought: Ideologically, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted, and Confucianism became the dominant thought in China society, vigorously promoted Confucianism, and established imperial academy in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established an inspection and evaluation system, which is the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and has a great influence on later generations. Looking at the above, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created the first unified situation in ancient China, which was a great success. However, he fought a lot in his life, wasting people and money, and made great efforts to appoint cruel officials in his later years. Therefore, it ranks second. References:

/view/17163.htm # 3 Historical evaluation of Ying Zheng (Qin Shihuang): When Qin Shihuang was in power, he annexed six countries and sent troops to fight in the south and the north. In the history, everyone bows in the land of a hundred miles, expands thousands of miles to the north, and the king of Qin sweeps the Liuhe River. According to the map of the warring States period, the territory is almost more controlled than the seven warring States periods. Moreover, Qin Shihuang "set up a county" and paid attention to the rule and system construction of conquered land, unlike other contemporary conquerors such as Alexander of Macedonia or Rome, which only paid attention to conquest but not to system construction; Thus stabilized the unified land rule and laid the foundation for the present Chinese territory. Later generations thought that "his contribution was greater than Qin Huang's Hanwu". Qin Shihuang is ahead of Han Wudi in martial arts, which is unparalleled in history. Today, the English name for China, China, also evolved from the Roman word Chin, which shows the influence of the Qin Empire from one side. Since Shang Yang's political reform, Qin attached great importance to the rule of law. Qin Shihuang inherited this tradition and admired Han Fei, a legalist figure. He once lamented that "if you walk with him, you will have no hatred." Reward and punish generals according to law. Although Qin Shihuang was autocratic and thought that "we rule the world", he still ruled the country according to law in the Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng and the uprising, the reason is that "Qin law is harsh", and its crime is capital crime, so it has to be reversed, but the law forces the people to rebel. Nor is it like the "Zhumen wine stinks and frozen bones" in later generations. Because of serious corruption, officials forced the people to rebel. Later Confucianism advocated the rule of man, but not by law. A word was decided by the monarch, but the wind of rule by man and flattery still exists today. Qin Shihuang initiated the post station system and built post roads. It laid a technical foundation for the decree access of the huge empire and the resulting county-based imperial power country. "Building a post road and establishing a county" is a necessary condition for China to adopt the advanced county system to replace the western enfeoffment system. At the same time, Rome can't effectively control the occupied areas, and there is only one powerful governor (the governor is in charge of the military and political power of a place, all of whom are nobles, and the grass-roots organizations rely on the original local organizations), which is still similar to the enfeoffment system, which is a very important reason for the later division of the Roman Empire. The county system is a civilian system, and its military and political leaders are appointed by the emperor. According to their political achievements, their military achievements can be raised or lowered and leveled, which leads to the emergence of professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers. Professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers can come from civilians, and county bureaucrats effectively protect the rights of civilians (Brazzaville) to participate in the discussion of state affairs (such as Reese and Meng Ao). It's all cloth, only according to the military). Compared with the feudal aristocratic politics, it is undoubtedly a great historical progress. This is the origin of the civil service system and the military system in modern countries. The Qin Empire established by Qin Shihuang laid the foundation that China's political system was more advanced than that of the West in recent 1700 years. China, the so-called "Han inherited the Qin system", "Since Qin, its system has not changed" and "Hundreds of generations still follow the Qin law and govern", basically followed the Qin system in the political system for two thousand years in the imperial power era. Li Bai's "Antique" poem: "Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe, he looks at him!" Sang Hongyang's exposition affirmed Qin Shihuang's achievement in unifying China. Zhang Taiyan of the Qing Dynasty also praised Qin Shihuang in his Qin Zhengji written in 19 13. The negative reason is that Qin Shihuang promoted the Legalist theory of "ruling the country according to law", and later all the rulers in China promoted Confucianism with benevolence and the golden mean as the core. Therefore, Qin Shihuang often appears as a negative example in various essays and historical records. Such as Jia Yi's On Qin and so on. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" Qin Wang was greedy for money, self-motivated, did not believe in merit, did not kiss the gentry, abolished the royal power, established private rights, prohibited documents from cooling the law, and bullied power before righteousness, which began with tyranny. Jia Yi's "On Qin": One person is in trouble for seven temples, and his body is dead and his hands are dead. What is the joke of the whole world? Be merciless, and the offensive and defensive trends are different. Qin Shihuang was regarded as a tyrant by many historians and would do anything for power. The Great Wall of Wan Li, Qin Chi Road, Lingqu, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are all very large, and the population of the whole country is under construction. Many documents denounce the death and injury of many people in the construction process, but on the other hand, they have further developed the transportation in various places and contributed to the future transportation, economy and trade and the integration of all ethnic groups. Therefore, whether Qin Shihuang's achievements are great or too great has always been a point of debate in the history circle. Merits and demerits are judged by future generations. Considering the special status of "emperors of past dynasties", it ranks in the third reference:

/view/2389.htm#5 4 Jin Temujin (Yuan Taizu) Genghis Khan is a famous historical figure at all times and at home and abroad, and also the most controversial figure. Over the past seven or eight hundred years, politicians, military strategists, celebrities and scholars from various countries have studied and discussed this great man from different angles. When talking about Genghis Khan, Marx once said: "Genghis Khan fought all his life to unify Mongolia and fight for the reunification of China. Three generations fought for sixty or seventy years, and then conquered as many as 720 nationalities. " Marx wrote in the book "The Chronicle of Marx's Indian History" that Genghis Khan formed an army in the process of unifying Mongolia. He "relied on this army to conquer East Mongolia and North China, then conquered the Amu Darya and the north of Khorasan, and conquered the Turkic region, namely Tudor, Tudor and Persia, and invaded India. His imperial territory extends from the Caspian Sea to Beijing, from the south to the Indian Ocean, from the western Himalayas to Astra Khan and Kasang. After his death, the empire was divided into Qincha Khanate, ilhan Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Wokuotai Khanate and Yuan Dynasty. The first four parts were ruled by Khan; The last part, as the main part of the empire, was directly ruled by Khan. " Dr. Sun Yat-sen said: "Among the most powerful nations in early Asia, Mongolia in the Yuan Dynasty was the first." "During the Yuan Dynasty, almost the whole of Europe was occupied by the Yuan Dynasty, which was far more powerful than China's most prosperous period". Comrade Mao Zedong affectionately called Genghis Khan a "generation of tianjiao" and compared him with famous emperors in China history, including Qin Huang, Hanwu, Tang Zong and Song Zu. Genghis Khan, the Eastern God of War and the greatest military commander in the history of the world, and his successors not only set up a powerful cavalry that was invincible in the world at that time, but also creatively used a series of strategies and tactics in line with the characteristics of cavalry operations and won one victory after another. Nehru, the former Indian Prime Minister, said in his book How to View World History: "The Mongols won such a great victory on the battlefield, not because of the military strength, but because of strict discipline, system and feasible organization. It can also be said that those brilliant achievements come from Genghis Khan's command art, "He is very much in favor of music? The statement of GATT: "The scale and art, suddenness and flexibility of the Mongolian campaign, and the strategy and tactics of encirclement are unprecedented." "Genghis Khan is undoubtedly one of the greatest commanders in the world, if not the only commander in the world." MacArthur, a five-star American general, said: "If all the records about that war are erased from history, leaving only a detailed record of Genghis Khan's combat situation and well preserved, then the soldiers will still have endless wealth. From these records, soldiers can gain useful knowledge and shape an army for future wars. The success of that amazing leader (Genghis Khan) eclipsed the achievements of most commanders in history. " "He crossed rivers, climbed mountains, conquered cities, destroyed the country and destroyed the whole civilization. On the battlefield, his troops used it so quickly and so skillfully, sweeping thousands of troops and defeating overwhelming enemies countless times. " Although he destroyed everything, he was cruel, but he clearly understood the constant requirements of war. Russian general Ganajiv said: "Looking from the other room, there are not many calendar years, and those who have explored the vast territory, such as Genghis Khan, have never seen it." When Genghis Khan ascended the throne of the Great Khan in Mongolia, there were only about13,000 soldiers (about 30,000 people). Later, as many as 720 nationalities were conquered, and their language beliefs were mostly heterogeneous. His son Sun opened up and elected all the territories, including the Qing Empire, northern India, the Korean Peninsula, the whole Central Asia, half of the Russian Empire, and the southern part of the river between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River, where spears were cut and horseshoes were trampled. Straight from East Darcy, with a diameter of 6,000 Li (about China16,000). This is the greatest hero in the world. How did it rise? "Russian strategist Kolekin also said:" Throughout the history of the world, with very few troops (Rushdie said 65,438 +0.2 million, Kobayashi said 200,000), in a very short time (65,438 +0.207 to 65,438 +0.227 * * 20 years), the vast land (most parts of Europe and Asia) was carried out. According to statistics, Genghis Khan fought in more than 60 battles in his life, and he never failed, except that he voluntarily retreated because of the disparity in strength in the Battle of the Thirteen Wings. Therefore, China scholar Liu said in Genghis Khan: "Genghis Khan is a war genius that cannot be compared with later generations. His magic of winning against the enemy has consumed human military talent to the extreme. " "His fighter planes are on a roll, and smoke has spread to Russia, Afghanistan and northern India. In the vast Eurasia, Genghis Khan has become an invincible god, and all his opponents are frightened and bow down. " "What person can be called the god of war? Only Genghis Khan! " Looking at thousands of emperors in ancient China, only Genghis Khan is called "the favored son of heaven", comparable to Alexander the Great, still above Napoleon and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, but it is a sin for him to kill too many people, and his former residence is in the fourth reference:

/view/ 126636.htm#5 5 Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (ancestor of the Qing Dynasty) Kangxi This is the longest reigning emperor in the history of China, reaching 6 1 year. Ao Bai was outsmarted, Junggar was conquered, San Francisco was pacified, Russian aggression was attacked, Taiwan Province Province was recovered, and taxes were exempted, which laid the foundation for the later prosperity of Kanggan. There are no obvious regrets in his life. Considering that he was an emperor in the late feudal period, he didn't know current events and opened his door to the outside world (in fact, it was really not his fault), which was listed as the fifth reference:

/view/2682.htm 6 Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) In the early days of its establishment, everything was in ruins and the world was in chaos. As soon as Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ascended the golden throne, he showed his talents. The political system has undergone a series of major reforms. (1) Establish a system of three provinces and six departments: the central government sets up three provinces, namely Shangshu, Menxia and Civil History, with Shangshuling, Yan Na and Civil History as the main officials, exercising the functions of prime ministers and assisting the emperor in handling state affairs. Introspection and the province under the door are confidential departments, and introspection is responsible for drafting and publishing the emperor's imperial edict; The province under the door is responsible for reviewing the letters drafted by the Ministry of Literature and History and the transcripts prepared by Shangshu Province; Shangshu Province is the highest administrative organ of the country. It consists of six departments: official department, ritual department, military department, official department, branch and Ministry of Industry. Each department is headed by a minister. Under the order of Shangshu, the left and right servants in Shangshu shoot one each, the left servant shoots three things, namely, officials, rituals, soldiers, and the right servant shoots three things, namely, officials, officials and the Ministry of Industry. Shang Shuling, left and right servants and six ministers are collectively called "eight seats". In the third year of Emperor Kai (583), it was transferred to the Ministry of Civil Affairs; All officials are punished. In addition to the three provinces, there are two secretary provinces and eunuch provinces, which are responsible for the compilation of books and the sacrifice in the palace respectively. In addition, there are two Royal and Metropolitan Water Stations, which are responsible for supervision and water conservancy respectively. This not only strengthened centralization, but also initiated a new stage of China's feudal social and political system. (2) Simplifying the local official system: At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi reformed the local institutions after establishing the central institutions of three provinces and six departments. Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, due to the establishment of the county, the situation of "fewer people and more officials, ten sheep and nine shepherds" has been formed. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, three levels of local institutions were set up along the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was in office for three years. At the suggestion of Yang Shangxi, a military commander in Henan Province, he abandoned the county and changed to a two-level system of state and county. State secretariat, county magistrate. (3) Amend the "Imperial Law": Amend the "Imperial Law". 8 1 death penalty, 150 vagrancy, more than a thousand acts of torture, clubbing and genocide in the previous generation were all abolished. At the same time, it also lightened the contents of many laws, such as "exile for six years, changed to five years; At the age of five, the punishment changed from three sacrifices; The rest take light instead of heavy, turning death into life. "Taking a cautious attitude towards prisoners, rather than ignoring human lives, has effectively prevented the occurrence of unjust cases. The reform of Emperor Wen made the law less cruel and barbaric, which was of epoch-making significance in the legal history of China. In order to make the Sui Dynasty prosperous at an early date, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty vigorously developed social economy. (4) Land division order: In the early Sui Dynasty, on the basis of the land division system in the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the land division order stipulated that 80 mu of Ding men and middle men were exposed to the field (planting five elements), 20 mu of Yongye field and 40 mu of women. Handmaiden 5 1 mu. Yongye field will not be returned, and the field will be returned after the death of the recipient. We should adopt a policy of encouraging ordinary farmers to farm and plant mulberry, and crack down on the annexation of land by aristocratic families to ensure the normal production of farmers. So as to improve farmers' enthusiasm for labor production. After the implementation of the land equalization system, the state can control more labor force and increase taxes. (5) Setting up granaries: granaries set up by Emperor Wendi can be divided into two types, namely official granaries and voluntary granaries. The grain in the official warehouse is used to support soldiers. The purpose of establishing official warehouse is to increase the efficiency of water transportation in Kanto; In other words, the way of transporting grain directly from the Kanto States to the capital was changed to the way of centralized and segmented transportation. And set up rice warehouses along the Yellow River, first concentrate the grain of the Kanto States in these warehouses, and then use the Yellow River and Guangtong Canal to transport it to Beijing. Therefore, time, manpower and material resources are saved. According to the estimation of the Tang Dynasty, the grain stored in the warehouse in the last years of Emperor Wendi could be used by the government for 50 or 60 years. Yicang, also known as Shecang, is located in the countryside, and its grain storage was donated by the people during the famine. The food donated by ordinary people and soldiers is stored in the local social warehouse, and the "social department" is responsible for relief and custody. In case of crop failure and famine somewhere, the food stored in a social warehouse will be used to relieve the hungry. It also stipulates the standard for private households to donate grain to social warehouses: "There is only one stone for the upper household, seven buckets for the middle household and four buckets for the lower household. The establishment of easy warehouse is a powerful guarantee for people's life. Ending the division of hundreds of years, creating the system of three provinces and six departments and the imperial examination system, which has covered the whole world and ranked sixth in reference materials:

/view/58 17.htm#4 7 Coups were common in Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu) in all dynasties. "The change of Chen Qiao in yellow robe" was a successful coup launched by Zhao Kuangyin, the supreme commander of the imperial army in the later Zhou Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne without bloodshed, which not only unified more than half of China, but also managed the country well. The reason why the economy and culture of Song Dynasty reached another peak in Chinese history was closely related to Zhao Kuangyin's way of governing the country. History has proved that Zhao Kuangyin is an outstanding figure in promoting historical development. He used both hard and soft methods to appease the powerful ministers, and solved the problem of military power after the unification of the world, which was unprecedented. The Immortal Hero-Zhao Kuangyin. In view of the historical achievements slightly lower than the top six, so ranked seventh as a reference:

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