Who is the strategist michel foucault? Brief introduction to the life of French philosopher michel foucault

Michel foucault was born in a rural family in poitiers. His father Paul is a doctor. His original name was paul michel Foucault, but later he gave up Paul's name, which may be related to the rather tense relationship between him and his father. At first, his grades were above average, but when he entered a middle school run by Jesuits, his grades were excellent. During this period, poitiers belonged to Vichy France and was later occupied by German. After the war, Foucault entered the most prestigious Paris Teachers College in France, which is the traditional gateway of French academic career.

Foucault's time at Paris Teachers College is very important to him. At that time, France became more and more interested in German philosophers such as Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger and Nietzsche. Jean-Jacques Preite, one of Foucault's professors, is a famous translator and expert in German philosophy. At that time, Maurice Melo-Ponty also taught at Paris Teachers College, and his courses of existentialism and phenomenology were very popular with some students, including Foucault. In the later period of his study in Paris Teachers College, he established a relationship with George Kan Giram, the most famous French philosopher and historian of science.

Foucault's private life in Paris Teachers College is not happy. He suffered from severe depression and even tried to commit suicide. He is being treated by a psychologist. Although, or because of this, he is very interested in psychology. Therefore, he received not only philosophy education, but also psychology education. He even participated in the clinical practice of this subject, where he came into contact with thinkers such as Ludwig Binswanger and Vangel.

Finally, Foucault is also influenced by Marxism, such as many other students in Paris Teachers College. From 1950 to 1953, he is party member, a French producer. He was introduced by his teacher Althusser. Like many people, he quit the * * * production party because of the Soviet Union under Stalin. Unlike many people, he has never participated in the activities of the producers of * * *.

Foucault passed the graduation exam on 1950. He taught in Paris Teachers College for a while, but he was not interested in it, so he left France soon. One of his teachers and friends, George Dumetz, found him a job representing French culture at Uppsala University in Sweden. From 1954 to 1970, he served as a cultural representative at Uppsala University in Warsaw, Poland and Hamburg University in Germany. After that, he went to the University of clermont-ferrand I to teach philosophy, where he met Daniel Deford. As long as he is in France, he has always maintained a monogamous relationship with Daniel Dieter.

Foucault showed great interest in psychology and psychiatry as early as the period of Paris Teachers College. It happened that Jacqueline Verdo, a family friend of his parents, was a psychologist, and Jacqueline's husband George Verdo was a student of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Therefore, under the influence of the Wildows, Foucault made a systematic and in-depth study of psychology and psychoanalysis, and together with Jacqueline, he translated the book Dream and Existence by the Swiss psychiatrist Van Gogh. After the book was completed, Foucault prefaced the French text at Jacqueline's request, and scribbled a preface longer than the main text before Easter in 1953. In this long article, his brilliant writing style in the future has begun to emerge. 1954, this rare translation with a longer preface than the main text was published by Dekles Debruwo Publishing House and included in the series of Anthropological Works and Research. In the same year, Foucault published his first monograph, Psychosis and Personality, which was included in the series of Introduction to Philosophy and published by French University Press. Foucault later denied that the book was immature, so it was almost unrecognizable when it was reprinted in 1962.

1In August, 955, with the strong recommendation of the famous mythologist George Dumizel, Foucault was hired as a French teacher by Uppsala University in Sweden. During his stay in Sweden, Foucault also served as the curator of the "French Pavilion" established by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Therefore, he spent a lot of time organizing various cultural exchange activities outside of teaching. During his three years in Sweden, Foucault began to write his doctoral thesis. Thanks to the massive collection of medical history archives, letters and various rare books in the library of Uppsala University16th century, and the constant supervision and help of George Dumez, the book Crazy and Irrationality —— A History of Crazy in Classical Times was basically completed when Foucault left Sweden.

1958, Foucault resigned and returned to Paris in June because of the heavy burden of teaching and work. Two months later, with the help of Georges Dumez, Foucault was appointed by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the director of the French Cultural Center of Warsaw University because of his excellent organizational skills during his stay in Sweden. Foucault arrived in Poland in June 5438+10 of this year, but he didn't stay there for long. The reason is dramatic: he was cheated by Polish intelligence agencies. Fu was gay a long time ago, and he didn't hide it. As far as personal life is concerned, this man obviously deserves the reputation of "romance". However, in the 1950s, when the Cold War between East and West was in full swing, both sides were trying their best to spy on each other. 1959, the Cultural Counselor of the French Embassy in Poland asked for leave. The ambassador originally intended to promote Foucault, so he was asked to take the post of counselor, and at the same time he wrote to ask for formal appointment. As a result, Polish intelligence agencies took advantage of the situation and romantic young philosophers fell into a trap.

After leaving Poland, Foucault continued his overseas trip, this time to Hamburg, and still served as the director of the French Cultural Center. 1960 February, Foucault finally completed his doctoral thesis in Germany. The thickness and depth of this book are equally amazing: the book includes appendices and bibliography, which is 943 pages long. This paper investigates the evolution of the concepts of madness and mental illness since the17th century, and combs in detail the formation and transformation of the image of madness in plastic arts, literature and philosophy and its significance to modern people. According to the convention, the national doctoral degree applicants need to submit a main thesis and a sub-thesis, so Foucault decided to translate Kant's Practical Anthropology and attach an introduction as a sub-thesis. Although this introduction has never been published, Foucault researchers found that some important concepts and ideas that he later matured and embodied in Words and Things and Archaeology of Knowledge have actually been formed in this paper.

At Foucault's invitation, Jean-Jacques Preite, his former philosophy teacher at Henry IV Middle School and then president of Paris Teachers College, readily agreed to be the "research tutor" of his second-level thesis, and recommended George Kangirheim, a famous historian of science and then head of the philosophy department of Paris University, as his main thesis tutor. The latter praised the history of madness and wrote the following comments for him: "Because Foucault has been paying attention to the multiple uses of mental illness for modern people in plastic arts, literature and philosophy since the Renaissance, people will see the value of this research; In view of his rationalization and confusion of Ali Adeni's thread group, his thesis adopts a combination of analysis and synthesis. Although it is not so easy to read, it is a wise work. Therefore, I am convinced that the importance of Foucault's research is beyond doubt. " 1961On May 20th, Foucault successfully passed the defense and obtained a doctorate in literature. This paper was also rated as the best philosophical paper of the year and awarded the bronze award to the author.

Before Foucault defended his doctoral thesis, Vuillemain, the new head of the Department of Philosophy of clermont-ferrand University, read the manuscript of Crazy History and sent a letter to the author who was still in Hamburg, hoping to hire him as a professor. Foucault accepted it and became an acting professor in 1960+00. On May 1962, 1, clermont-ferrand University officially promoted Foucault as full professor of philosophy department. Throughout the 1960s, Foucault's popularity rose sharply with the publication of his works and critical articles: 1963 Raymond Russell and the Birth of Clinical Medicine, 1964 Nietzsche, Freud and Marx, 1966 Words and Things, which caused great repercussions.

The May 1968 incident prompted the French education administration to reflect on the defects of the old university system and start planning reform methods. As an experiment, edgar faure, the new Minister of Education, decided to build a new university in Linqu, a suburb of Paris. It will have full freedom to experiment with all kinds of new ideas about the reform of university education system. Foucault was appointed as the head of the philosophy department of the new school. However, Wan Sen soon fell into an endless student strike, confronted the police in the street, and even had a fierce conflict. Foucault's philosophy department has also become the source of anxiety in the clamor of the extreme left. The two years in Wansen are two years that make Foucault feel tired.

1970 65438+February 2nd is a memorable day for Foucault. On this day, he stepped onto the podium of the French Academy and officially became a professor of ideological system history at the French Academy. Entering the French Academy means reaching the pinnacle of academic status: it is the "temple of the temple" of French university institutions.

In his inaugural speech at the Institut de France, Foucault praised three people who influenced his thoughts from different angles: Jean Preti, George Kangirheim and George Dumizl. Foucault expressed sincere respect to them.

Foucault took an active part in various social movements in the 1970s. He used his reputation to support the movement aimed at improving prisoners' human rights, and personally launched the "prison intelligence group" to collect and sort out the detailed process of the daily operation of the prison system. He signed a petition to safeguard the rights and interests of immigrants and refugees; Participate in the protest March in support of prison rioters with Sartre; Risking to Spain to protest dictator Franco's death sentence for political prisoners. All these prompted him to think deeply about the deep structure of power and the operation of imprisonment and punishment. These thoughts constitute the whole theme of his most important book "Discipline and Punishment" in 1970s.

Foucault's last book "The History of Sex" and the first volume "The Will to Learn" were published in 1976 and 65438+February respectively. The purpose of this work is to explore the changes and development of sexual concepts in history. Foucault placed high hopes on this history of sexual concepts and carved it with a perfect attitude. The outline and draft were changed again and again, so that the final text was quite different from the original plan. This is another great work. According to Foucault's final arrangement, the book is divided into four volumes, namely, Will to Learn, Enjoy Happiness, Care for Yourself and Confessions of Carnal Desire. Unfortunately, the author will never finish reading it. 1On June 25th, 984, Foucault died of AIDS at the Paris Salle bertil Hospital at the age of 58. Foucault later spent a long time in the United States, first at the University of Buffalo and then at the University of California, Berkeley. Fu is in the gay community in San Francisco. His activities in the community infected him with AIDS because people didn't know about the disease at that time. Foucault died in Paris on 1984. At first, some of his friends and family denied that he died of AIDS.