I study in Shanghai, and my hukou is in my hometown in Henan. Can I apply for a passport and American visa in Shanghai?

Passport is to go to the public security bureau where the household registration is located.

You're still a student, right?

I suggest you sign a tourist visa with your mother.

Children your age are all studying, so in the eyes of visa officers, there is a great tendency to emigrate.

Your mother's signing a contract with you will reduce your tendency to emigrate.