Some thoughts on environmental management and monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

China attaches great importance to the development of water conservancy and hydropower. Excellent water conservancy and hydropower construction projects can not be separated from perfect environmental management and monitoring, which is the key link of its steady development. This paper mainly discusses the importance of environmental management and monitoring in operation engineering, and puts forward some relevant constructive suggestions. Finally, it makes a simple plan outline and drafting method for its future development trend.

1 Environmental impact characteristics of hydropower projects

In order to formulate measures to solve environmental problems, we must first know the environmental characteristics of its impact, and then we can carry out targeted construction. In China's current environment, the main feature is its wide influence range, which can be generally divided into reservoir area, dam construction area and dam downstream area. In the project construction, these are inevitable, but some mitigation measures can be taken.

1. 1 The impact of the reservoir area is usually biodiversity, water quality, water temperature, environmental geology, population health, soil erosion, social economy and other factors, mainly the impact of the water quality in the reservoir area. The factors that determine its influence mainly include reservoir inundation and the change of reservoir hydrological situation.

1.2 The impact of the dam construction area is manifested in the health of the construction workers, the sanitation of the construction area, the water quality, the atmosphere, the noise and the landscape. The main factor is the length of construction time.

The influence of the downstream area of 1.3 dam is manifested in hydrology, river regime, water temperature, water quality, aquatic organisms, wetland resources, estuary ecological environment and so on. But its influence is not all bad, but also good. The main influencing factor is the change of hydrological situation caused by dam impoundment. From this point of view, in order to improve the hidden dangers brought by the engineering environment, we must increase investment in these three aspects and always pay attention to the relevant dynamic changes.

2 water conservancy and hydropower engineering environmental management and monitoring related measures

To manage the environment of water conservancy and hydropower projects well, we should first formulate relevant plans to solve the environment according to the actual situation, integrate theory with practice, organize professional discussions and research groups, carefully analyze the current situation, sum up experience and put forward relevant problems in a targeted manner. The following is my plan in one area.

2. 1 project environmental management system The environmental management system of this project consists of the project owner, government environmental protection departments, construction contractors, contract service providers and environmental officials of the World Bank. All departments must conscientiously complete relevant tasks, complement each other with other departments while completing their own tasks, achieve mutual benefit and win-win, and allocate their own working relationships in practical work. When there are contradictions, we should coordinate with each other, don't stick to our own views, and solve disputes in the form of discussion. For example, the manager of the department of environmental protection and immigration is also the deputy general manager of the company, and he is also equipped with five full-time staff. This is not a waste of manpower, but to make the work more in place and complete.

2.2 Engineering Environmental Monitoring System The environmental monitoring system of this project is mainly composed of the environmental protection immigration department of the project owner and various environmental monitoring institutions. In the actual production process, the establishment of these departments is not perfect enough, and their management scope needs to be strengthened and implemented. Therefore, entrusting the environmental protection immigration department to various monitoring institutions to complete and plan the monitoring of corresponding environmental factors is conducive to improving work efficiency. It is helpful and meticulous to solve problems that are easily overlooked. At the same time, it also has great advantages in the use of technical force and instruments and equipment by monitoring institutions, reducing the waste of fixed resources.

2.3 The main content of the project environmental management and monitoring plan is based on the results of environmental impact assessment, so it is necessary to analyze the relevant impact content according to the factors affecting the environment and formulate targeted strategies. By summarizing the actual situation, the environmental impact mainly focuses on workers' health, water quality, air quality, noise, construction sites, aquatic organisms, land use, ecological environment in the reservoir area, soil erosion and so on. When the superior government department comes to inspect, it must properly arrange the environmental management and monitoring activities carried out by the environmental protection and immigration departments of the project owner. Give a detailed table of test contents, which is clear at a glance.

2.4 Do a good job of dynamic water quality monitoring in the reservoir area. The construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects is a dynamic work, and the staff should make regular quantitative inspections, which requires the close cooperation of the water administrative department and the hydrological department to carry out water intake permit, responsible river reach, sewage outlet into the river, urban centralized water supply source, emergency water quality monitoring and water quality monitoring of urban centralized drinking water source. All the work that needs to be monitored must be carried out, and then the work summary report should be made, and the relevant data and contents should be recorded in detail, and the situation should be reported to the superior in time, and at the same time, a good basis for planning and decision-making should be provided for the government.

2.5 Responsibilities of Environmental Supervision

An important duty of environmental supervision in the construction area is to ensure that the environmental protection facilities in the environmental impact report are implemented, rather than on paper. The environmental supervision engineer must abide by the relevant responsibilities in the implementation opinions and do a good job according to its regulations. Environmental supervisors should put forward their own opinions on the construction organization plan, construction technical plan and construction progress put forward by the contractor, and participate in the construction of whether to destroy the environmental impact during the acceptance of the completed project, and ensure that the acceptance of units related to environmental protection must be signed by supervisors, so as to ensure that each supervisor has a clear understanding of the parts related to environmental construction in the project.

3. Thoughts and suggestions on environmental management and monitoring

3. 1 Environmental supervision during construction is the requirement of investment system reform.

Environmental protection expenses during the construction period are indirectly included in the pre-tender estimate. The environmental protection benefits reflect its value through social benefits and environmental benefits, and the investment mainly comes from the contractor, which leads to the "negative benefits" of its input without output. Therefore, environmental protection work must be mandatory and passive.

3.2 Improve the environmental protection clauses in the contract tender

The contents of environmental protection clauses in the contract tender are not perfect, but the supervision is based on the contract and requires complete clauses. And pay attention to the details of the planning, many serious problems appear because of ignoring the small problems, leading to more and more, and finally produce a series of contradictions. In the tender design stage, deepening environmental protection work and standardizing technology are the theoretical guarantee of environmental protection.

3.3 Implementation of environmental legislation

Environmental legislation can provide compulsory guarantee for the smooth implementation of environmental protection measures. If there are people who violate the regulations, they should be given some punishment to warn the staff that they must deal with environmental protection problems according to the regulations. Only through environmental legislation can we effectively guarantee the normal development of environmental protection and environmental supervision from the aspects of funds and organizational management system. In China's current engineering construction, the relevant provisions of legislation are very scarce and should be strengthened in time.

3.4 organization

Contractors and subcontractors are the main bodies of environmental protection work in the construction area. In order to ensure their normal operation, it is necessary to strengthen their organizational construction. Site managers and senior staff are required to have a strong sense of environmental protection and their professional knowledge is hard enough. At the request of the environmental supervision engineer, the contractor established his own environmental protection organization in the temporary office of the site supervision to conduct regular inspections on the dynamic management of the construction. From this point of view, establishing a perfect organization is an important guarantee for environmental protection of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

In short, through the discussion in this paper, we know that there are still some problems in the environmental management of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China, which need timely and effective strategies to solve, which requires some measures such as increasing monitoring. By making environmental management and monitoring plans, planning the construction system of the project, strengthening the sense of responsibility of all departments, stipulating the responsibilities of project owners, construction contractors and contract service agencies, and strictly supervising the obligations performed. In the process of construction. We should constantly sum up experience, formulate relevant policies according to the actual investigation, and explore innovative strategies conducive to environmental protection.

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