Generals who died in the Opium War and their touching stories

Look here, there's a book title at the back.

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Leshan

Date of Sacrifice: August 1860

He used to be an ambassador and general of Yun Hui. The number is Bakdun Batulu. Later, he served as the company commander of Hebei town. 1859 was transferred to the Tianjin military camp of Sang Linqin to cooperate with another attack by the British and French invaders in the north. On June 25, British warships invaded Dagu, and he was ordered to lead the defenders to fight back heroically, sinking many enemy ships and killing hundreds of people, thus winning Dagu. As a result, the company commander of Hebei town was promoted to the magistrate of Zhili (now Hebei). /kloc-in the summer of 0/860, British warships invaded Dagu again, and he led more than a thousand soldiers to die and defend their positions to the death. In August, enemy soldiers landed from Beitang, and the fortress fell. He fought hard and died.

Jiang Jiyun

Date of Sacrifice:1841August 26th.

Born in the military, he served as commander, garrison and lieutenant in the Qing army. After the first Opium War broke out, Deng Tingzhen, then governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, recommended him as the company commander of Jinmen Town to defend Xiamen with the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. 184 1 In August, the British government was dissatisfied with the invasion result of the draft convention on nasal piercing, and sent troops to invade Fujian and Zhejiang again. On August 26, the British army concentrated on attacking Xiamen, and he led the amphibious soldiers to resist. In the battle, he took the lead and was brave and tenacious. When the British landed, he bravely killed the enemy and chased the British soldiers ashore with a knife, but unfortunately he fell into the water and died.

Guan Tianpei

The year when Guan Tianpei was transferred to the Guangdong Navy as the prefect was just after the British commercial supervisor Pharaoh Bay led his troops into the river of Guangdong. In order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government transferred him to Guangzhou, which was the only port for China's foreign exchange and trade at that time. Guan Tianpei faces an arduous task. In order to concentrate on coastal defense, Schilling's wife returned to Guangzhou with her mother and held her post with three children. After taking office, he "experienced the ocean and visited Eritrea". According to the danger of Humen, he carried out strict fortification and set up three portals: Shajiao and Dajiaobao were the first portals; Three forts, Nanshan, Zhenyuan and Yokosaka, were taken as the second portals. The Nanshan Fort was rebuilt, and the weakness of the anti-aircraft gun position was changed by the stone foundation and platform, and it was renamed Weiyuan Fort. The Great Humen Fort at Shizikou is the third entrance. These triple portals, that is, three lines of defense, closely guard the south gate of the Pearl River Estuary. On the one hand, he set up large chains and rafts between the second line of defense and the third line of defense at appropriate positions such as Weiyuan, Zhenyuan and crosspieces to prevent the enemy from breaking into the inland sea; On the other hand, he personally supervised the casting of 40 cannons with 8,000 kilograms and 6,000 kilograms, and hundreds of cannons with less than 6,000 kilograms, and separated the batteries to strengthen the defense force. At the same time, he stepped up the training of naval forces, personally stationed in Humen to supervise the training, and prepared this standard at the end of February and the beginning of August every year, led more than 500 people, and went to Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Hengban, Dashui, Yong 'an and other places to practice gun accuracy, as well as its Dajiao and Shajiao Fort, with 640 * * soldiers. Each drill can last for ten days. He also compiled the experience of building Humen Fortress and collected relevant information into four volumes, and attached many detailed maps, training charts and tables for reference.

Due to Guan Tianpei's tight defense along the coast of Guangdong, the provocation and attack of the British invaders failed during this period. On July 27th, Daoguang 19 (1September 4th, 839), two soldiers and three cargo ships led by Yi Law arrived at Jiulongshan Port in the name of begging, suddenly opened fire and carried out provocative activities. The navy, led by general Lai Enjue of Dapeng camp, fought back fiercely and fled in a panic. Two months later, on September 28th (165438+1October 3rd), the Italian-French law prevented British merchant ships from taking custody, which undermined the normal trade between China and Britain and started the battle of piercing the nose. This campaign can be said to have started the Sino-British Opium War, and in fact it was also the beginning of the Opium War launched by Britain. In this war, Guan Tianpei visited the capital town. Although the back of his hand was injured, he was still desperate. He stood straight with a knife. He ordered the soldiers to aim at the British ship and fired several shots, which caused it to be badly damaged and fled hastily. In the next ten days, the British ships launched six attacks on the garrison in succession, all of which were repelled by the garrison led by Zengcheng battalion commander Chen Liansheng and won a great victory. After the battle, Guan Tianpei was rewarded by the Qing government, and wrote in the imperial edict of Daoguang: "This time, the prefect Guan Tianpei went forward bravely and took the lead, which is commendable! He awarded the title of' Fafuling Abatulu' and ordered "the Ministry to discuss with you as a reward".

After the Opium War broke out, Guan Tianpei led the navy, held his ground, actively organized fishing boats and crab boats, and took advantage of various opportunities to attack the invading army. In November of the 20th year of Daoguang (1840 65438+ February), Qishan arrived in Guangzhou as an imperial envoy and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. He rebelled against Lin Zexu's actions, dismissed soldiers and tried to quit coastal defense, destroying all the three defense lines and wooden chains in Humen, which Guan Tianpei had painstakingly worked for several years. Guan Tianpei felt very sad about this, and repeatedly asked Qishan to take active measures to resist, but they were all rejected. This year (184 1 year 1 year in July)1February 15, the British army suddenly attacked and captured the fortress in the suburbs and Shajiao, and the deputy commander Chen Liansheng died heroically. The situation in Humen is very critical. At that time, the company commanders Guan Tianpei and Li each had only a few hundred weak soldiers. Divided into Jingyuan and Weiyuanbao, Qishan was invited to send troops to support. Qishan only sent two hundred troops to elaborate. On February 6th, the 21st year of Daoguang (18465438+February 26th), the British army launched a large-scale attack on Humen Fort, with only a few hundred defenders. In the desperate situation of fighting alone, Guan Tianpei was determined to hold his ground and gave all his possessions to the soldiers, encouraging them to kill the enemy bravely. He and the guerrilla Mai Zhang Ting traveled day and night. After the enemy occupied Rong, Yong 'an and other fortresses, they concentrated their forces on attacking Jingyuan and Weiyuan fortresses. From ten o'clock in the morning to seven o'clock in the evening, Guan Tianpei personally had sex and fought fiercely with the enemy for ten hours. The enemy attacked from behind the battery, and Guan Tianpei was beaten black and blue. He fought with a knife and finally died heroically. Guerrilla Mai Zhang Ting and dozens of his soldiers also died heroically.

Guan Tianpei's heroic sacrifice aroused the deep condolences of patriotic intellectuals, who wrote poems in memory of him. Lin Zexu was particularly saddened by the death of Guan Tianpei, and selected elegiac couplet to mourn:

"Six years of solid gold soup, ask who suddenly broke the Great Wall and put all your eggs in one basket to teach you how to bow your head; Shuangzhong passed the hurdle (soil+mission) (referring to Mai Zhang Ting who died at the same time), and I heard that the aliens are also respectful and face like life. " ④

Before the sacrifice, Guan Tianpei specially assigned a servant to send away his Guangdong Navy prefect seal. He is ready to die for his country. Before the war, he gave his family a box containing some teeth and some old clothes to show his determination to die. A servant found his body among the corpses, and half of his body was completely burned by gunfire. On the day of the funeral, "hundreds of literati greeted them with clothes, and all the onlookers cried."

(Xu Ru)

(1) The Opium War, Xinzhi Publishing House, Volume 6, pp. 270-269.

(2) The Opium War, Volume 6, p. 276.

(3) The Story of Preparing for Westernization (Daoguang Chao), Zhonghua Book Company, vol./kloc-0, p. 244.

(4) The Opium War, Xinzhi Publishing House, Volume 6, p. 273.

5. ibid., p 278.

General Yun Fei

Ge, Wang Xipeng and Zheng were famous commanders of three towns who defended Dinghai and fought bravely against Britain during the Opium War.

Ge (1789 ——1841), a native of Zhejiang, was born in Lingtai. Born in a military family, his father Ge Chengsheng and Wu Ju were born. Ge Yunfei has been a farmer since he was a child. With the support of his father, he studied and practiced martial arts. He learned to shoot in his spare time and how to shoot well. Therefore, he thinks that practicing martial arts is "a useful learning" and disdains Zhu's words. Later, I visited the West Lake in Hangzhou. "I worship the tomb of the King of Yue, and I am fascinated and determined to win." (2) he told yue Fei "civil servants don't love money, Chen Wu at death" these two famous words, especially appreciated; Moreover, the deeds of eleven famous soldiers from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty were compiled into the Record of Famous Soldiers for encouragement. Thirty-year-old, juren zhong us. Daoguang became a warrior in three years (1823). From the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), he worked as a guard in the naval battalion of Ningbo, Huangyan, Wenzhou, Zhapu, Rui 'an, Dinghai and Fujian. Because of the capture of "pirates", he has repeatedly made meritorious military service in building the army and was promoted to commander in chief. In the eighteenth year of Daoguang (1838), he was appointed as the chief soldier of Dinghai Town, and was awarded soon.

As Daoguang Emperor issued the imperial edict of declaring war on Britain at the beginning of the first month, he ordered Ilib to join the army and "recover Dinghai". However, Ilib hesitated and repeatedly demanded compromise with the enemy, which was severely reprimanded by Daoguang Emperor. He reassigned Yu Qian, the governor of Jiangsu Province, as an imperial envoy, replacing Ilib in charge of Zhejiang military affairs and in charge of Zhejiang front-line command. On February 7th, Yu Qian arrived at Zhenhai Barracks, and on March 6th, he went to the front position of Dinghai. In March, he was appointed Governor of Liangjiang.

Dinghai is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with Xiaofengling in the north overlooking the county seat. The mountain is steep and there are bypass roads along the sea. Zhushanmen in the east, along the coast, with narrow water depth in the harbor; On the west is Jiuanmen, with overlapping mountains, going to Haiyuan; The south is the head of the road, empty, and it is the main road between land and sea. With the consent of Yu Qian, Ge Zheng built a tucheng from Zhushan to Qingleitou in the east of the city, with a length of 1430 feet, and Zhenyuan City in the southeast of the city, with a length of 130 feet, that is, Guanshanbao. In order to strengthen the defense of Dinghai, he requested to build a fort in Xiaofengling and Zhuxiaoshan to stop crossing the river, and to build another fort on Wukui Mountain. Auspicious Gate, Grand Canal Gate, Maogang and Hutoujing Islands also set up their own defenses, each with a corner. Yu Qian refused at the cost of complexity. Ge Yunfei asked to borrow three years' salary and build it at his own expense. Yu Qian thundered, "It's all because of me!" ⑿ Resolutely refuse. Later, I asked Saizhushanmen to reduce the port, so I couldn't travel by boat, and there was no result. In July of the 21st year of Daoguang (184 1), the British army invaded Xiamen, thinking that Tucheng was poorly guarded, with Xiaofeng Mountain facing the sea, and there was a way out of line. He also wrote to ask for more guns and boats to prepare for the water war, but it still didn't attract Yu Qian's attention. Instead, it banned water wars and ordered dinghaiying ships to take over Zhenhai. Ge Yunfei, deeply bound, knew that he was doomed to failure, so he vowed to do his best to kill the enemy and die.

① ② Zong: "Ge Gongxing's Behavior in Zhuangjie Festival in Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province", see Miao Bian: Continued Biography, Volume 64, Page 7.

(3) same as above, page 9.

(4) Zong: "Ge Gongxing, General of Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province", see "Continued Biography of Monuments", volume 64, page 8.

5. Ibid., page 9.

7. Ibid., vol. 64, p. 8.

8 Opium War, China Guoguang Institute, Volume 3, p. 262.

Pet-name ruby The Opium War, Volume 4, p. 376.

Attending Zong Jeffery Ji: "The behavior of Ge Gongxing's main soldier Zhuang Jie in Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province", see Volume 64 of Continued Biography of Monuments, page 8.

⑿ Zong Jeffery Ji: "Ge Gongxing, General of Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province", see Volume 64 of Continued Biography of Monuments, page 9.

[13] Speaking of guarding Jiuanmen.

[14] the opium war, vol. 5, p. 263.

⒂ The Opium War, vol. 6, p. 354.

[14] Zong: "Ge Gongxing, General of Dinghai Town, Zhejiang Province", see Volume 64 of Continued Monument Biography, page 10.

⒄ The Opium War, vol. 5, p. 263.

⒅ The Opium War, vol. 5, p. 264.

The invading army recorded 30 casualties. See Opium War, vol. 5, p. 264.

Dahonga

Dahongjia (? -1854) was a famous general who defended Taiwan Province Province and fought bravely against Britain during the Opium War. Fu Chashi was born in Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria. He served as a bodyguard, commander and deputy commander. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), he was promoted to the company commander of Weining Town, Guizhou Province, and later transferred to Zhangzhou Town, Fujian Province. The following year (1835), he was transferred to the town company commander of Taiwan Province province. In the twenty years of Daoguang (1840), he was appointed as the prefect for five years of canal regulation and meritorious service.

He was born in the military, not familiar with literature and ink, and strong-willed, "fresh and harmonious." In the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), Yao Ying came to Taiwan as a soldier and was at odds with him. After two years, Yao Ying sincerely admired Yao Ying, so he "thanked him as his brother". He agreed with Yao Ying's memorial and Taiwan Province's defense strategy. Da Hong A and Wang Delu, the former prefect of Fujian Navy, were estranged and difficult to get along with. After persuasion, Da-hong and Wang put national justice first, put aside their differences, and got together with the enemy. Da Honga warmly accepted Wang Delu's suggestion of "strictly observing Haikou and not fighting with the sea"; Wang Delu also guarded Penghu with his elite soldiers, united and cooperated, and actively supported Taiwan Province.

After the treaty of nanking was signed, Pu Dingcha, the plenipotentiary of the British army, took the opportunity to blackmail and falsely accused Dahongga and Yao Ying of "killing" their "refugees blown down by the wind" and threatened to "fight another battle". In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), in January, Daoguang Emperor sent Yi Liang, Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, to visit Taiwan Province. Ignoring the facts, Yiliang decided that the British ship was sunk by the wind and did not go to war with it, or had the intention of luring the enemy, and called for punishment. "At that time, the county soldiers refused to obey and were fierce" (5). Da Hongga was afraid of mutiny, so he kissed himself and ordered his dismissal. Later, together with Yao Ying, he was taken to Beijing and sent to the prison of punishments. Under the pressure of public opinion, Daoguang Emperor was exempted from punishment in Taiwan Province with the word "a little work".

At the end of the same year, Daoguang awarded Da Hong A Sanpin bodyguard and Hami Household Minister. Soon, he was appointed as Yili Counselor and Minister of Xining Affairs, with the title of Vice Governor. In the first year of Xianfeng (185 1), he went to Guangxi to suppress the uprising of the Heaven and Earth Society. Later, he fought with Taiping Army in Beijing and Tianjin. Xianfeng died in the army in four years (1854).

(yellow) according to

(1) The Opium War, China Guoguang Society, Volume 6, p. 397.

(2)-Fang: Notes on Alien Qi, Zhonghua Book Company, p. 87.

③ Same as above. Page 106.

(4) The Opium War, Volume 4, page 529.

5. ibid., p 527.

Jiang Jiyun

Born in the military, he served as commander, garrison and lieutenant in the Qing army. After the first Opium War broke out, Deng Tingzhen, then governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, recommended him as the company commander of Jinmen Town to defend Xiamen with the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. 184 1 In August, the British government was dissatisfied with the invasion result of the draft convention on nasal piercing, and sent troops to invade Fujian and Zhejiang again. On August 26, the British army concentrated on attacking Xiamen, and he led the amphibious soldiers to resist. In the battle, he took the lead and was brave and tenacious. When the British landed, he bravely killed the enemy and chased the British soldiers ashore with a knife, but unfortunately he fell into the water and died.

Chen Liansheng

In order to strengthen the defense capability of the piping battalion, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen and Guan Tianpei, after careful consideration, increased the number of naval officers and soldiers by 200 and added six cannons to achieve the goal of tackling key problems. Yu Baochun, the alternate magistrate familiar with this area, Zhang Yi, the alternate magistrate, Liang Xingyuan, Lai Enjue, Du Sihong and Song Wangtai, the participants stationed in Dapeng Bay, joined forces to go to nearby Guanchong to prepare for the attack on the British army.

In the fifth engagement, China's navy took a preemptive strike. 1on the evening of October 6th (165438+1October 1 1), the defenders of piping camp were divided into five roads according to five ridges, ready to take the initiative to attack with artillery. When the British warships saw that the piping battalion had been arranged for battle, they also loaded guns to prepare for battle. However, when the five artillery pieces in the camp exploded, the British army was caught off guard and unable to fight back, so it had to flee to a foreign ocean with trauma. The next morning, half of the British warships had fled to the foreign ocean, leaving only a three-masted ship semi-submerged and semi-floating on the sea, and some ropes and levers on the roof mast wall had been severely shelled, making the ocean a mess. 1October 8 (165438+1October 13) in the afternoon, the British warship attacked for the sixth time, and the piping camp still dealt with the invading British warship in the way of overlapping five mountains and five guns, forcing it to withdraw from the piping ocean. So British ships invaded six times, and China Navy won every time. British warships and barges were forced to retreat to offshore areas such as Longbo, Shaozhou, Chek Lap Kok and Cheung Sha Wan, and abandoned this advantageous base. In this way, due to Chen Liansheng's heroic battle, the British warship suffered six defeats, and it was impossible to live on land in Macao, and it was not allowed to stay in Tsim Sha Tsui and piping seas for a long time, which made its progressive attempt bankrupt.

After the victory of the battle of piping, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen and Guan Tianpei set up forts in Tsim Sha Tsui and piping in order to prevent the British invaders from committing crimes again. After on-the-spot investigation by Yu Baochun, Lai Enjue and Liang Xingyuan, they built one at the foot of Tsim Sha Tsui and one at the south mountain of piping, and more than 50 cannons were deployed by the mainland, effectively controlling the ocean around piping. Dapeng Bay Camp was also changed to an association, and the lieutenant was stationed. Dapeng Club and Xiangshan Club confronted each other from east to west, which strengthened the defensive ability of the east and west wings of Humen Fortress.

Due to the victory of piping campaign, Chen Liansheng was promoted to deputy commander of Sanjiangkou Association. At this time, he was over sixty years old, but he was in his prime and had high morale. After promotion, he was transferred to Shajiao Fort, the first line of defense in Humen.

Chen Liansheng is deeply responsible for guarding Shajiao Fort and Humen's first line of defense. He made careful arrangements in Shajiao and led more than 600 soldiers to plant many mines in Sanjiang and Huizhou, ready to attack the enemy at any time. From time to time, British warships sailed to the suburbs and Shajiao to spy on the military situation, but Chen Liansheng led the troops to drive them back. At this time, Lin Zexu and Deng Tingzhen have been dismissed, and the "negotiation" between Qishan and Yi Fa is under way. Qishan framed Chen Liansheng for bombing the British messenger ship and wanted to punish him, which was opposed by patriotic officers and soldiers. While negotiating, he stepped up training by changing the law, negotiated with the mountains, and removed the Humen facilities that had been vigorously rectified in five or six years, which made Chen Liansheng retreat to Shajiao to the point of no defense.

In the 20th year of Daoguang (184 1 year 1 year), on December 15th, Lu Yi took the opportunity of withdrawing troops from Qishan, sent more than 20 warships, and suddenly stormed the fort in Dajiao and Shajiao. More than 2,000 British troops led by traitors set up bamboo ladders, climbed the dangerous Shajiao Houshan, and burned down the garrison and navy ships in the Sanjiangkou below. Chen Liansheng personally sat in the fortress guard. With his rich combat experience, he used pre-buried guns and mines and injured hundreds of British soldiers climbing mountains. Guan Tianpei, the Guangdong Navy stationed in Jingyuan Fort, and Li, the company commander of Weiyuan Fort, all have only a few hundred troops, so they can't get in, retreat or support. Chen Liansheng led more than 600 officers and men to defend the island, used inferior shells mixed with carbon chips to fight to the death with British soldiers several times his own, and blocked the invading British army with bows and arrows. The British army was repelled several times under the rain of arrows. Chen Liansheng's "Please Prepare Soldier's Powder" (5) is not allowed in Qishan. Because Qishan didn't send reinforcements, he just sat back and watched the coastal defense be broken. In the end, Chen Liansheng and his soldiers were unable to resist the British army that had occupied the hilltop position, and all died heroically because of the disparity between the enemy and ourselves. Chen Liansheng's sons, Wu, Wu and Wu, fought bravely until their death. The story of Chen's father and son heroically killing the enemy and defending the motherland was told by later generations. Patriotic poet Zhang Weiping's "Three Generals' Military Songs" sings as follows:

"The British invaders committed the evil spirit of Guangdong Kou, and the general served as the guardian of Shajiao. It is brave to fight thieves, but the brave public is as weak as the army. Attackers flocked to the public and descended randomly in close combat. If the knife is divided into public bodies, the public body will be distracted. Before the son saved his father from death, the father and son were loyal and filial. " ⑦

In memory of Chen Liansheng, a patriotic soldier who died in Shajiao Battle, Guangdong people entered Zhao Zhong Temple to collect the bodies of the fallen soldiers, and set up a "Funeral Tomb" for burial as a permanent memorial. Villagers in Enshi, Chen Liansheng's hometown, also raised funds to build a monument to permanently commemorate the patriotic generals who died defending the south gate of the motherland.

Chen Huacheng (1776—— 1842) was a famous general who fought bravely against Britain during the Opium War. The word industry chapter, number Lianfeng, is from Tongan County, Fujian Province (now Xiamen City). Born in Kinmen, he has been familiar with water, martial arts, integrity and wisdom since childhood. Joined the Qing navy in 2008. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), he made great efforts to catch "foreign thieves" and recruited extra commissions. Later, together with Wang Delu, he captured Sun Tai, a "foreign thief", and participated in Li Changgeng's suppression of the most powerful group in the southeast coast-Cai Qian Hai Shang Anti-Qing Group. Successive generals, thousands of generals, generals, deputy generals and company commanders. Ten years of Daoguang (1830), he was promoted to prefect of Fujian navy. The army is disciplined and very strict with itself. It's called Lian Jiang. When he visited Taiwan Province Province, although many soldiers accompanied him, he got nothing from civil and military services all over the country. At that time, people praised "soldiers who had never been on the battlefield."

In the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), the British East India Company sent Amish to Xiamen to engage in espionage. Chen Huacheng summoned the boat Hu Xia Mi and others, ordered the navy to keep a close watch and expel them from the port. Later, British ships invaded Fujian and Zhejiang and the southeast coast of China. Chen Huacheng led the navy, patrolling carefully and intercepting closely. In the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), Chen Huacheng led his navy to search opium smuggling dens in Jinmen and Xiamen. He was attacked on all sides, and all of them caught people and boats, and made a property check on eight towns near Chentou, and the dens were destroyed. In the 15th year of Daoguang (1835), the British ship provoked Fujian and was expelled by Chen Huacheng. In the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), British ships came to see the Five Tiger Seas in Min 'an, and Zhou Tingxiang, the deputy governor of Min 'an, stopped them. On the pretext of taking back the British "refugees" living in Zhangpu, the British consul changed boats and threw books at the entrance, but Chen Huacheng refused to receive them, and sent someone to tell him that the "refugees" at sea should be translated and explained as usual and escorted by China to Guangzhou to return home. Even if the navy drove the ship to a big ship and drove it out of the territorial waters, it also safeguarded China's diplomatic dignity.

In the spring of the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, went to Guangdong, banned Haikou and prohibited smoking. As it became more and more difficult for British opium ships to operate in Guangdong, they turned to Fujian. In the same year 10, three British ships anchored in Meilinyang, Quanzhou. Chen Huacheng led the navy to expel them, but the British ship remained motionless. Even after Chen Huacheng's naval gun fire and serial bombardment, British ships hung their sails, resisted with guns, refused to walk, and fled to the ocean in a mess. In the spring of the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), British ships invaded Fujian and harassed foreign countries repeatedly, and Chen Huacheng led the navy to attack. He was wounded by gunfire in the battle, but he still encouraged his inspector to attack. Known for being brave and good at fighting, he is called "Chen Tiger".

In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), Chen Huacheng was transferred to Jiangnan as a magistrate. On the seventh day of June (July 5th), the British captured Dinghai, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang shook. At that time, it was widely rumored that there was an agreement between Zhejiang and the General Assembly. The British wanted to comfort Zhejiang and Guangdong wanted to withdraw their defenses. He said, "Money alone is not enough. Please leave all my troops behind." (2) In July and August, the British army used a sampan to penetrate into Wusongkou several times to measure the water potential, but they were all repelled by Chen Huacheng's troops.

Chen Huacheng was stationed in Wusong, without shelter from the wind and rain, without shelter from the wind and heat. He lives in a separate tent and shares weal and woe with the foot soldiers. Usually, life is extremely simple. As a prefect, whenever he goes in and out, he is often paid by himself and has no manners. This autumn, one night, the hurricane raged, the rain poured down, and the tide overflowed the pond. The Ministry would persuade him to move his household registration one after another. He said: "When the big account moved, the three armed forces looted me, so I did it, and the foot soldiers flooded. What can I do? " (3) insist on until the tide recedes. At that time, Yu Qian, the governor of Jiangsu Province, was stationed in Baoshan, and he sent people to visit Chen Huacheng on horseback. Hearing the sound of hooves, Chen Huacheng calmly walked out of the tent, which was very touching. In winter, it snowed heavily, and the biting cold kept him awake all night. But Chen Huacheng often rocked the boat, braved the wind and waves, patrolled the seaside, or camped in the snow, asking about the temperature. Seeing that the foot soldiers were wearing thin clothes, he quickly made a cotton-padded coat and sent it. He sympathized with his soldiers, such as his family, and they all called him "Chen Laofo". Later, Niu Jian was appointed Governor of Liangjiang River. When he learned that Chen Huacheng was brave and vulgar, he was "too embarrassed", so he asked the Ministry of Military Supplies to give him two hundred and fifty-two pieces of silver every ten days, but Chen Huacheng refused to woo him and refused to accept his words. On his birthday, someone sent some special gold flags to celebrate his birthday, but he also refused and decided to tear them up. He is an honest official, strict in military discipline and frugal in life. He is praised by the people in Wusong area: "All officers and men suck the marrow of the people, but Chen Gong drinks the water of Wusong."

Wusongkou, located at the exit where Huangpu River and Wusongjiang River meet the Yangtze River, is the primary position to defend the gateway of Shanghai and the Yangtze River. Chen Huacheng, with the support of Yu Qian, Governor of Liangjiang River, actively prepared for the war, vigorously strengthened the position defense team and the shotgun team, and shot at the invading troops who landed on the shore. The British cannon fell on the "native cow" and the cannon hurt its foot. He was still holding the red flag in his hand, commanding the pond, standing still with a gun. When the British brigade arrived, Chen Huacheng was unable to support seven foreign guns. There were only three people in the pond at that time. Chen Huacheng said to Takeshi Liu Guobiao, "I can't be resurrected. Please spare my head and throw it into the ditch.". Chen Huacheng fought bravely in his post, and his post was saved. At the same time, more than 80 officers and men, including Wei, who was stationed in Zhongying, died. In the defence of Wusong fortress, * * * destroyed 8 enemy ships and annihilated more than 600 invading troops [13].

Chen Huacheng's body later gathered at Guandi Temple in Jiading. Wusong people painted two portraits for him, one is his descendants and the other is Wusong. During the funeral, tens of thousands of people went on strike, crying and drinking, and killed cows as sacrifices. Gentlemen, gentry, women, even porters and traffickers all ran and cried, putting incense tables on the road, and everyone burst into tears. In Wusong and Shanghai, the people of Shanghai also built the Chen Huacheng Memorial Hall and dedicated it to statues. Every April, on Chen Huacheng's birthday, the gentry went to pay their respects and looked at each other, all of whom were "in awe". At that time, people had a mourning poem:

"On the day of serving the country and dying, the sky is dark.

The mountains and rivers still exist, and the wind and rain are sad;

Tears shed the blood of the three armies, and celebrities are full of fragrance.

The smoke is vast and the water is boundless, so I ask Cang Zhen. "⒁

"Father cried, when will the old Great Wall be returned to me?" It fully expresses China people's infinite admiration for national hero Chen Huacheng and their great hatred for British invaders!

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Yu Qian

Yu Qian (1793- 184 1), formerly known as Yutai, whose real name is Lushan Yigu, is a native of Shuting. Polot was born in Huangqi, Mongolia (now Huangqi and Shangdu in Xilin Gol League). Born into a noble family. In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (18 17), he was elected as Jishi Shu, and later served as minister of rites and minister of foreign affairs. Daoguang served as the magistrate in Jingzhou, Hubei Province for six years (1826), and later transferred to Wuchang Magistrate and Jingyi Shidao. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), he was promoted to Jiangsu provincial judge. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), Jiangsu Buzheng was the acting governor of Jiangsu. During the Opium War, the Governor of Jiangsu acted as the Governor of Liangjiang, and was soon awarded.

Since Yu Qian went to Zhejiang to supervise the army, he deeply felt that Yu Buyun, the governor of Zhejiang Province, had a tough style and was effective in handling affairs. He realized his past record of compromise with Ilib, but he didn't realize that the invaders secretly slandered Ubuyun to contain him, so he didn't replace Ubuyun in time. On July 10, Xiamen fell, and the British ship went north along the coast. Yu Qian was rewarded, so he gathered his troops in Zhenhai and held a solemn oath of alliance with the gods, stating that "those who are ordered to make special inquiries will be helped by the civil and military officials, and those who dare to accept a book and arrive in Zhenhai later will be punished clearly and fairly and detained by the gods." Words are generous, and those who listen are uplifting. And Yu Buyun is the first mouse at both ends, pretending to be sick and unable to salute. At the beginning of August, Zhenhai boy Chen came to the military camp to offer suggestions. It is said that he had "contacts with foreigners" and had four contacts with Yiliu. He was immediately taken into custody in Zhenhai County, "fearing traitors". ⒇, he communicated with all the families and announced that the port would be closed on 1 1. 17, Dinghai fell again, and Yu Qian was "furious!" He predicted that "when the sea sinks, Lu will go deep" and invaded Zhenhai, which made him "brave in Enemy at the Gates." At that time, Zhenhai was weak and no reinforcements were gathered. Yu Qian was not afraid of danger, vowed to serve the country and firmly guarded Zhenhai. He is determined to "save the market" and never flinch. He calmly called the guests on the screen and told them, "There will be a war tomorrow. Today, there is a word. All the military orders and orders have been written and put in the library. " Second, he also asked me to print the manuscript for him, and give it to his brother Yuheng together with the last issue of Mianyizhai's "Accidental manuscript" and store it in the ancestral temple. "The court asked questions to enter." Third, I hope they will get out of the city as soon as they get cold feet and get information. "If you win, you will be exposed." If you lose, you will have a funeral; And told all my family members to stay in Yao and not to bury me. "