Are Koreans a minority? Non-Han people?

the Korean nationality

Korean minorities

The population is 1923842.

General situation of nationalities

Korean people are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. The rest are scattered in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Xi and Wuhan. Among them, most residents of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province use Korean and Korean. Chinese is widely used by Koreans living in mixed areas. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Korean population is 1923842.

The ancestors of Korean people in China are Koreans who moved from the Korean Peninsula to the three northeastern provinces of China. After they settled down, they gradually developed into a nation in China. 1982 during the national census, it was found that some Korean ancestors in China had settled in the northeast as early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. For example, Han surnamed Park in Pujiagou Village, Gai County, Liaoning Province, has settled in the local area for more than 300 years. Since the middle of19th century, more and more Koreans have moved in from the Korean peninsula, which is the main source of Koreans in China. Due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class in Korea at that time, especially in 1869, the northern part of Korea suffered a great disaster. Some suffering Korean farmers crossed the Yalu River and Tumen River and came to China to reclaim land along the two rivers, where they lived with the Han and Manchu people. But at this time, the number of people moving in is not very large, most of them come in spring and go in autumn, and their residence is still unstable. With the intensification of Japanese imperialist aggression against Korea, a large number of residents moved to the northeast frontier of China in order to find a way out, regardless of the ban of the Qing government. According to statistics, in 1870, there were 28 Korean-inhabited towns on the north bank of Yalu River. In the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (188 1), there were more than 10000 Koreans in Yanbian area. From 65438 to 0883, there were more than 37000 Korean residents in Ji 'an, Linjiang and Xinbin counties. During the same period, a large number of Korean farmers moved into the areas along the Wusuli River.

19 In the 1950s and 1960s, the Qing government still adopted the policy of prohibiting North Korean farmers from entering the country. Later, the policy of recruiting people to fill the sea was changed. 188 1 year, set up famine relief bureau in Jilin and reclamation bureau in Nangang (Hunchun), Yanji and Donggou to recruit immigrants. All the recruits are from China. 1885, the Qing government designated the northern bank of Tumen River, which is about 700 miles long and 50 miles wide, as a special reclamation area for Korean farmers, so as to facilitate a large number of Korean farmers to move to the northeast.

19 10, Japanese imperialism annexed Korea, and the Korean people and some patriots moved to the northeast of China in large numbers, which reached more than 360,000 in 19 18.

The Korean people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. 1906 After Japanese imperialism invaded the Korean colony, the Korean people began anti-Japanese activities, from spontaneous to organized anti-Japanese activities emerged one after another. 1927 to 10, China's * * * production party organization was established in North Korea. Under the leadership of China's * * * Production Party, anti-Japanese guerrillas from North Korea and China were established in various places. In the second army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition, Koreans account for the vast majority, and Korean soldiers in the first and seventh armies also account for about half. 1in the autumn of 938, eight female guerrillas of Han nationality and Korean nationality shot the last bullet, smashed their weapons and jumped into Wushun River, a tributary of Mudanjiang, with a glorious sacrifice, and wrote the famous tragic anti-Japanese poem "Eight women jumped into the river". Tens of thousands of North Korean soldiers died in the anti-Japanese battlefield. During the War of Liberation, only 50,000 Koreans in Yanbian joined the army. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of Korean youths responded to the call of "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea to protect their country and defend their country", participated in Chinese people's Volunteer Army, crossed the Yalu River and fought side by side with their compatriots in neighboring countries, making great contributions to the victory of the Korean War.

socioeconomics

The area inhabited by Koreans is one of the main forest areas in China, with fertile land and rich resources. Under Changbai Mountain, the Korean people opened up this rich territory. In the early days of land reclamation in the northeast frontier, the Korean people were short of food, so they used wild fruits and wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. Living in a very humble thatched cottage; It's a wooden plow. It doesn't need to farm animals. It's cultivated by manpower. By 188 1, more than 5,300 hectares of land have been cultivated in Yanbian area. In 1884, more than 12000 hectares of land were reclaimed in Korean residential areas. For a long time, most of them are engaged in agricultural production, and some of them are engaged in forestry and sideline. During the period of 65438+70s, they successfully planted rice in Dadianzi, Tonghua County, Jilin Province, and then expanded rice in Linjiang, Huairen, Yingjing, Liuhe, Hailong and some areas in Yanbian. From 65438 to 0906, North Korean farmers dug canals in Dajiaodong, Yongzhi Township, Helong County, and diverted water for irrigation, which increased rice production. Since then, the rice fields in Yanbian area have increased year by year, becoming an important rice producing area in Northeast China. The rice processed with the rice here is white, shiny and nutritious, which is as famous as the "platform rice" in Beijing and Tianjin. However, a small number of Manchu-Han "mountain-occupying households" with special powers used various means to seize large areas of land developed by farmers with sweat, making farmers their own tenants or employees. At the same time, there are also a few landlords among the Korean people. By the late1940s, North Korea was in the stage of feudal landlord economy development and had some capitalist economic components. There are two lease relationships: "live rent" and "fixed rent". The "live rent" rate is 50%. In addition, there are all kinds of super-economic exploitation. During the Republic of China, there were more than 30 kinds of tax items collected by local governments in Yanbian area alone.

1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Korean region was liberated one after another, and the people's democratic regime under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was established. 1946 land reform. After the founding of New China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Production Party, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects and their lives have improved significantly.

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province was established on September 3rd, 1952. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was founded in 1958. Korean people living in various places have also established dozens of ethnic townships.

In order to make full use of the above-ground and underground resources in the Korean-inhabited areas and develop the national economy, the industry, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture are developing vigorously under the brilliant light of the party's ethnic policy. Yanbian Prefecture has industrial and mining enterprises such as steel, coal, electric power, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber, fertilizers, paper-making, printing, food, ceramics and pharmaceuticals. The industrial system has begun to take shape, and it has become one of the production bases of ethnic special products in China. The total industrial output value is increasing year by year. All-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-products production. Yanbian is the hometown of rice in the north of China, with excellent varieties and good climatic conditions. They actively introduce science and technology to increase rice production every year. The variety of fruits is complete, with the nationally famous apples and pears as the bulk. Flue-cured tobacco production is also considerable, which is one of the main flue-cured tobacco producing areas in China. Ginseng and pilose antler are also traditional products in this area, which have a long reputation. Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture has railways and highways extending in all directions, and there are trains connecting counties. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, Yanbian has benefited from its topography in opening up. Hunchun Special Economic Zone has been approved by the State Council. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture has a strong economic growth momentum.

Culture and art

The Korean people have a long and beautiful tradition of national culture and art, especially good at singing and dancing, and like to express their feelings through singing and dancing after festivals or work. When there are happy events at home, they will sing and dance to form an interesting "family song and dance party". Kaye's piano performance, top water dance, fan dance, long drum dance and farmhouse dance are all very popular traditional song and dance programs. Korean dance is graceful and elegant, and its dance is gentle and pleasant, such as cranes spreading their wings and willow branches brushing water; Or vigorous and powerful, or lively and natural and unrestrained, reflecting the bright and enthusiastic, delicate and euphemistic, subtle and deep national character. Korean songs have the characteristics of smooth, smooth and clear melody. Famous songs include "Changbai Chorus" and "Daughter Solo". Well-known folk songs include "Orange Stalk Ballad", "Arirang" and "Nuoduo River". Everyone can sing.

Sports activities in Korea also have their own characteristics. Wrestling is their ancient sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sport for men. From village to village, there are usually their own football teams. Generally, students above the fourth grade of primary school organize to play football. There have been some women's football teams in recent years. During festivals and holidays, various sports competitions centered on football are often held. Due to the popularity of football, Yanbian has become a famous "hometown of football" in China. Swing and springboard are women's favorite entertainment and sports activities.

The Korean people attached great importance to education and established many schools as early as the early 1930s. There is a good tradition of "chewing bark rather than letting children go to school". After liberation, non-governmental organizations such as "parents' meeting" and "board of directors" were established in various places, and hundreds of primary and secondary schools were set up with self-raised funds and materials. As early as 1949, Yanbian University, the first comprehensive minority university in China, was founded in Yanji. Later, Yanbian Medical College, Yanbian Agricultural College, Yanbian Education School, a dozen secondary specialized schools and 1000 primary and secondary schools were successively established. Educational networks at all levels have been formed. All kinds of colleges and universities have trained generations of Korean high and middle-level intellectuals, all over the central government, provinces and Korean fronts. Various adult education schools have also been established in Yanbian area. Various scientific research groups such as agriculture, forestry, literature, history and teaching have made important contributions to the development of Yanbian.

Customs and religious beliefs

Korean marriage is monogamous. According to the traditional custom, close relatives, consanguinity and surname are not married. It is a common custom that "men are in charge of the outside and women are in charge of the inside". Father-son relationship is the foundation of all interpersonal relationships. Value father and love filial piety, and the eldest son supports his parents. Old people in society are respected, and people despise unfilial people and behaviors very much. Residents in most areas were buried, while those scattered in towns were cremated.

Koreans prefer plain white clothes. Women's clothes are short skirts and long skirts, which are called "Zegaoli" and "Chima". Men's clothes are short coats with waistcoats and wide trouser legs. I wore a robe tied with a cloth belt when I went out, and now I am wearing a uniform or a suit.

The staple food of Koreans is generally rice and millet, and Beijing kimchi (spicy kimchi) is an essential dish. I like to eat big cakes, cold noodles, miso soup, peppers and dog meat. Nowadays, many people learn the cooking skills of the Han nationality.

Most Korean villages are located on the flat land under the hillside. The buildings in the village face southeast, south and southwest. There are tile houses and straw houses, and the walls of the houses are painted white. Rooms are generally divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. There is a flat kang in the room. Take off your shoes and sit on the kang. In recent years, the furnishings at home have become more and more exquisite. Koreans are very polite and pay attention to hygiene, especially avoiding spitting. The house, tableware, clothes and quilts are all neat.

Korean festivals include Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Add soil to the tomb on Qingming Festival, weed in Mid-Autumn Festival, and pay homage to the old friends to show their mourning. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely, the first anniversary of the baby's birth, Jiahui Festival (60th birthday) and Wedding Festival (60th wedding anniversary). In the last two festivals, children, relatives, friends and neighbors all send birthday wishes to the elderly.

There are fewer Koreans who believe in religion. Some believers believe in Buddhism, while others believe in Christianity or Catholicism. Buddhism has a long history among Koreans, and some Buddhist etiquette and customs have already penetrated into Korean life and become national customs. But now Buddhism has little influence on Koreans. In recent years, influenced by South Korea, more and more Koreans believe in Christianity. However, the Korean people do not have a unified national religion.

Korean cultural customs and habits

Korean entertainment

Korean people love sports very much. Wrestling is their ancient sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sport for men. Yanbian is known as the hometown of football. Swing and springboard are Korean women's favorite entertainment and sports activities.

Springboard: the traditional sport of Korean nationality. Popular in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and other Korean-inhabited areas. Most of them are held on Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Most of the participants are women. During the competition, 2-4 people stand at both ends of a seesaw about 5 meters long, and there are two kinds of "marking" and "performing". "Drawing lines" means putting a ball of lines at both ends of the seesaw and tying the drawn lines to the ankles of the competitors. In the specified time, the winner is judged by the length and height of the line drawn by the contestants when they bounce. "Performance" is divided into two types: optional action and prescribed action, and the score is mainly based on the difficulty and posture of the players' jumping action.

Swing: Also known as "swing", it is a traditional sport in Korea, especially loved by women, and it is also a frequently contested event. There are several ways to evaluate the winners in the competition: one is to take the leaves or flowers on the tall tree in front of the swing as the target and touch or bite off the leaves (flowers) with your feet to win; One is to hang a long rope under the pedal and measure the height of the swing. The highest person wins. Another is to erect two tree poles in front of the swing frame, and pull a rope with a bell horizontally on the poles. Wife changers decide the result according to the number of times they ring the bell.

Wrestling: Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province, known as the "hometown of wrestling", has a long history of wrestling. Every year on Dragon Boat Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, four wrestlers get together to compete for the championship, and people often choose a fat cow as the winner's prize. During the competition, both sides put on special clothes, tied a white belt on their right leg, put their left hand into each other's belt, and grabbed each other's belt with their right hand. At the referee's command, both sides stood up at the same time. After several rounds of contests, the winner led the cow around the field with the sound of gongs and drums.

Tielianji: Korean Wushu has a history of more than 500 years. Wushu routines are mainly based on instruments, among which iron training machine is a famous instrument. Iron training is very similar to the big tip of traditional martial arts in China. A shoulder-high stick has a ring at the end, and the ring is covered with three radially arranged short joints, which are more than feet long. You can hold a stick with both hands when dancing. Brave style, wide control range, smashing, swinging, sweeping, winding, covering, putting aside, baking and other techniques, extremely wonderful.

A traditional Korean sports activity. Mainly popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province. Often held after work, the participants are all women. Before the start of the competition, the contestants first stood at the starting line with a crock of 10 Jin of water on their heads. After the referee gave the order, they sprinted, and each race lasted 100 meters or 200 meters. When you leave, whoever won't fall down, water won't spill, and whoever reaches the finish line first will be the winner.

korean fashion

Koreans prefer plain white clothes to show cleanliness, neatness, simplicity and generosity, so Koreans have been called "white people" and called themselves "white compatriots" since ancient times. Women wear short skirts and long skirts, which is also a major feature of Korean women's wear. Short coat is called "Gao Li" in Korean, which is a kind of clothes with oblique collar and no buttons and tied with a belt to cover only the chest; The long skirt is also called "Chima" in Korean, and it has fine pleats at the waist, which is loose and elegant. Most of this kind of clothes are made of silk with bright colors. Korean men usually wear plain jackets with vests, trousers with wide legs and ribbons tied at the legs. I wore a robe tied with a cloth belt when I went out, and now I am wearing a uniform or a suit.

Korean diet

The main foods of Koreans are generally rice and millet. Supplemented by fish, eggs, dairy products and seafood products, they are basically vegetarian, which is obviously different from people who eat meat. Spicy kimchi is an indispensable dish in the diet. In addition, they also like cakes, cold noodles, miso soup, peppers and dog meat very much.

Making cakes: one of the traditional foods that Koreans like best. Cake-making has a long history, which was recorded in Korean literature in the18th century. At that time, making cakes was called "attracting cakes" and was called one of the traditional foods. Nowadays, every family entertains relatives and friends with cakes on holidays or weddings. As the name implies, cakes are made. The main raw material for making cakes is glutinous rice. Where glutinous rice is not produced, use millet or millet; In addition to adzuki beans, there are soybeans, mung beans, pine nuts, chestnuts, red dates, sesame seeds and so on. It can also be used as the raw material of bean jelly. When making, the glutinous rice is washed, steamed, put into a cake-beating trough or slate, and smashed with a cake-beating hammer. When eating, dip a knife in water and cut it into small pieces to eat with the cake noodles.

Korean cold noodles: one of the traditional Korean foods. North Korea has a long history of cold noodles. According to Japanese historical records, in the first half of the17th century, Korean monks naively spread the method of making cold noodles to Japan. Koreans not only like to eat cold noodles in hot summer, but also like to sit on the kang and eat cold noodles even in cold winter. Especially from noon on the fourth day of the first lunar month every year, Koreans have the custom of eating cold noodles with the whole family. According to folklore, eating noodles on this day can "live for a hundred years", so cold noodles are also called "longevity noodles". The main raw materials of cold noodles are buckwheat flour, wheat flour and starch, and can also be made of corn flour, sorghum flour, elm bark powder and potato starch. The method is to add starch and water to buckwheat noodles, mix them into noodles, cool them with cold water after cooking, and add sesame oil, pepper, pickles, beef sauce and beef soup to make them cool and delicious.

Erming Liquor: It is a Korean custom to drink Erming Liquor. On the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month, I drank Erming wine on an empty stomach to wish my ears and eyes bright. This wine is not specially made. The wine I drank on the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month was called "Erming wine".

Dog days and dog soup: Dog days are the hottest season of the year. But Koreans have the custom of killing dogs and eating dog meat hot soup in dog days. This sauce soup has a special taste, which can be greatly supplemented by eating dog meat sauce soup in dog days. Most Koreans like dog meat. But it is absolutely forbidden to eat dog meat at festivals or weddings. This is a custom, a courtesy.

Whole grain rice: Koreans have been eating whole grain rice for a long time. Silla national time; The fifteenth day of the first month is called "avoiding the sun", and the grain sweeps the crow. On the fifteenth day of the first month, farmers use glutinous rice, rhubarb rice, millet, sorghum rice and adzuki beans to make whole grain rice. Also put some in the cow trough to see what kind of food the cows eat first, indicating what kind of food they can harvest this year. This custom is still circulating among the people.

Rice wine: Koreans' favorite drink. Rice wine is their best treat for guests. If a guest comes to visit, the host always brings a bowl of rice wine brewed by himself. This wine is a little whiter and slightly sweeter than yellow rice wine. This rice wine is full of stamina. When the elders drink together, they should move their heads aside to drink, and never raise their glasses to drink in front of the elders, otherwise it is disrespectful to the elders.

Spicy cabbage: one of the favorite traditional foods of Korean people. Every winter, after the Chinese cabbage comes down, they start to make spicy cabbage. At this time, no matter in rural areas or towns, everyone has to cook, ranging from a few hundred kilograms to a thousand kilograms, because they have to eat until the next spring. Spicy cabbage, fragrant and refreshing, has the effects of relieving boredom and hangover, helping digestion and stimulating appetite. It is not only a regular dish at home on weekdays, but also a banquet. Therefore, it is very popular and has become an indispensable dish in the daily diet of Koreans.

Korean residence

Most Korean villages are located on the flat land under the hillside. There are two common forms in rural areas: straw houses and tile houses. Most of the buildings in the village face south or southeast, southwest, tile houses and straw houses, and the walls of the houses are painted white. The roof consists of four inclined planes. The roof of the main house is in the shape of an adult, with a small slope on both wings, covered with straw or gray tiles. Open one or four doors in front of each house and open the windows at the same time. There are also doors and windows in the back. Rooms are generally divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. Some people built wing rooms in the main room as houses and warehouses. Indoor flat kang is paved with adobe or flat buried flaky. Take off your shoes and sit on the kang. The foundation of the outdoor house is 60-70 cm from the ground, and there are steps outside.

Marriage and love of Koreans

In terms of marriage, Koreans are monogamous. According to traditional customs, close relatives, cousins and surnames are not allowed to get married. It is a common custom that "men are in charge of the outside and women are in charge of the inside". Before liberation, marriage was arranged by parents, and early marriage was common, as well as polygamy and child bride. Korean wedding customs, from matchmaking to marriage, go through six ceremonies, namely "receiving gifts", "asking names", "Naji", "collecting coins", "inviting parties" and "welcoming guests". The gift of "Nacai" was given by the groom's family when they proposed to the bride's family. The "name-asking" ceremony is a ceremony to predict the bride's future luck and ask her mother's name. The "Naji" ceremony is an auspicious day for the groom's family to inform the bride's family. "Gifts" are blue satin, red silk and other gifts given to the bride by the groom's family. The "invitation" ceremony means that the groom's family will send the selected wedding date to the bride's family in writing for comments, and the bride's family will reply according to the girl's specific situation. "Wedding ceremony", that is, the bride's family will reply according to the girl's specific situation. The "wedding ceremony", that is, the groom greets the bride, is also the most solemn. The ceremony of Korean wedding is very complicated. In Yanbian, weddings are usually held in two stages: first at the bride's house, and then at the groom's house. What is held at the bride's house is called "the groom's wedding" and what is held at the groom's house is called "the bride's wedding". The groom's wedding is generally conducted in the order of goose-laying ceremony, goose-worshipping ceremony, sexual intercourse ceremony and banquet ceremony. After living in the bride's house for three days, the groom went home alone, and then the bride waited for the selected auspicious day to be welcomed into the groom's house. The groom's family also held a wedding banquet for the bride. The next day, the bride and her in-laws recognized each other, gave gifts to each other and were invited to have fun. At this point, the wedding is over. Koreans generally don't get divorced after marriage. They held a ceremony of offering wooden geese at the wedding, symbolizing the wish of husband and wife to grow old together.

Funeral of Koreans

Most Koreans practice burial, and cremation is also practiced in some areas. After the death of an old Korean man, relatives are not allowed to wash their faces, have haircuts or eat dry food for three days, and they must wear mourning clothes. When relatives and friends come to pay their respects, they kowtow three days before the body, and then kowtow to each other with relatives of the deceased. The funeral must be held on the same day. Dress the dead with new clothes and burn the old ones. Buried in three days. Before burial, please ask Mr. Feng Shui to choose a cemetery. The cemetery should be located on the sunny side of the hillside, with the head facing the top of the mountain and the feet facing down. After burial, the tomb was offered offerings and bowed down. In the future, we will worship for three days, and make sacrifices before meals: the first day is called "the first cloud", the second day is called "cloud worship", and the third day is called "the third cloud" when we take sacrifices to the cemetery. In the future, every birthday, anniversary, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival will be dedicated to the dead.

Korean festivals

The festivals of Korean people are basically the same as those of Han people. The main festivals in a year are Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely, the baby's first birthday, Jiahui Festival (60th birthday) and Wedding Returning Festival (60th wedding anniversary).

Korean Spring Festival: Koreans who can sing and dance well have a colorful holiday life. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, and the ancient music of gayageum and Dong Xiao brought people into a new realm. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, springboard pressing and tug-of-war. And the venue is very lively and people are eager to watch. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration was held. Several old people boarded the wooden "moon-looking frame" to see the bright moon first, which meant that his children and grandchildren were healthy and all the best. Then, everyone sang and danced around the brightly lit "full moon building" with the music of long drums, flutes and suona until they had a good time.

Shangyuan Festival: Korean traditional China New Year. It is held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year, and the festival lasts for one day. On this day, North Korea will first send lanterns to ancestral graves, then put lanterns in the hall, hang sky lanterns in the yard, hang wall lanterns on both sides of the courtyard door and put lanterns in the river. On this day, we will take medicine and rice, whole grain rice and drink conga wine. Medicinal rice takes glutinous rice and honey as basic raw materials. Mix jujube, chestnut, pine nuts, etc. And cooking. Because the raw materials of medicinal rice are expensive, it is not easy to get them all. Generally, five kinds of "five-in-one rice" such as rice, millet, rhubarb rice, glutinous rice and Mi Dou are used instead. Looking forward to the bumper harvest of grain that year. There are many games in the Lantern Festival. There used to be torch wars, car wars, tug-of-war and so on. Torch war, that is, firefight, depends on whose torch is the brightest and burns the longest. Whose car is better than the bucket? The whole village takes part in all recreational activities. The onlookers drummed and cheered, and it was very lively. The winners celebrated their victory by singing and dancing. In the evening, everyone held torches at the height of Dongshan to welcome the full moon. Whoever is blessed in that year will see the full moon rising. After welcoming the moon, men, women and children will step on the bridge in the moonlight. Stepping on a bridge, also known as stamping a bridge. In Korean, "bridge" and "leg" are homophonic, which means practicing legs with a bridge. When stepping on the bridge, everyone has to go back and forth on the bridge several times to dozens of times, and the number of times must be commensurate with their age, so as to pray for blessings and eliminate disasters.

Baby's birthday: the baby's first birthday. The first anniversary of a baby is the most important in Korean life ceremonies. The celebration of the baby's first anniversary is also grand. When the baby's birthday comes, the baby's mother dresses herself up beautifully, then dresses the child in a set of elaborate national costumes, and then carries the child to the prepared birthday table so that the baby can "have a look" at the "playing with water" specially arranged for him. There will be some symbolic things on the table, such as cakes, sweets, food, pens, books and small guns. After all the guests arrived, the baby's mother asked the child to take anything he liked from all kinds of things on the table. When the child reached for something from the table, the guests cheered and said something to make them happy. This process is called the "ceremony" of the baby's birthday table. In some places, there is a custom that old people put an ordinary white line around their children's necks to show that they hope their children can be white like the white line and live as long as the long line.

Shampoo Festival: June 15th of the lunar calendar is the Korean Shampoo Festival. This day is considered an auspicious day. Early in the morning, men, women and children went to the river to wash their hair. It is said that it is lucky to wash your hair with the stream flowing eastward. In the evening, people will hold a shampoo banquet and sing shampoo songs at home, and then the whole family, old and young, will happily sit together and have a sumptuous dinner.

Wedding Return Etiquette: Among Korean family festivals, the most grand one is "Wedding Return Etiquette", also known as "Wedding Return Etiquette", which is the 60th anniversary of marriage. Holding a wedding festival must meet the following three conditions: First, the old couple are alive; Second, the biological child is alive; Third, no grandchildren died. If there are dead children or grandchildren, you can't hold a wedding festival. Therefore, it is a great honor for anyone to hold a wedding festival, and relatives and friends should come to congratulate them. An old couple put on their wedding dresses when they were young and helped each other to sit at the dinner table. Everyone frequently raises a glass to bless, which is more lively and grand than the wedding of young people.

June Festival: June Festival is an international children's day, but it has evolved into a new national festival in Yanbian. In Yanbian, people regard Children's Day as an important child-friendly activity. On June 1 day, people are often crowded, and people wear holiday clothes and flock to the park for garden activities.

Korean custom

Etiquette: Koreans pay attention to their husbands' filial piety, and the eldest son supports their parents. People despise unfilial people and behaviors very much. The younger generation of the Korean nationality must use honorific words when talking to their elders, and also use honorific words when meeting with peers for the first time. When eating, the elders should move chopsticks first before others can eat. When eating, the spoon should be placed in the soup bowl. If it is placed on the table, it means that it has been finished. When walking with the elderly, young people must walk behind. If there is something urgent, you must explain the reason to the elderly.

Wedding reception: Every Korean family attaches great importance to the birthday of the elderly. On parents' 60th birthdays, children will hold a "flower banquet" (also called a flower ceremony) for the elderly. At the flower banquet, children and relatives get together, and the old couple put on new clothes and sit in the middle. Children in costumes sit in order of age. At the beginning of the birthday, from the eldest son's wife to the grandson, they poured wine in turn and bowed down to bless the old man, thanking him for his hard work and upbringing. After the ceremony, the children warmly treated their relatives and friends.

The master's mind

Zheng Lvcheng (1918-1976) is a composer. Originally known as Zheng Fuen, he was born in North Korea and was born in a poor peasant family in Yanglin Town, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, North Korea on August 19 18. 1in the spring of 933, Zheng Lvcheng came to Nanjing, China with a group of progressive Korean youths to study in the Korean Revolutionary Cadre School run by the Korean Revolutionary Organization. After graduation, he stayed in a fierce regiment to engage in secret anti-Japanese work, and met Xian Xinghai in the China people's anti-Japanese and national salvation singing movement. 1937 At the beginning of this year, Zheng Lvcheng joined the Korean National Liberation League in Shanghai. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he devoted himself to anti-Japanese propaganda activities, and created his own 1 song "Song of Fighting Women". 1937 10 after Zheng Lvcheng arrived in Yan' an, he studied in Shanbei Public School and the Music Department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan' an. During his tenure as a vocal music teacher in Lu Yi, Zheng Lvcheng composed a series of important works, such as Ode to Yan 'an and unfinished Chorus of the Eighth Route Army, among which March of the Eighth Route Army (later renamed March of the People's Liberation Army of China and Song of the Eighth Route Army) became a widely sung battle song of the people's army. In addition, there are songs such as Yanshui Ballad, New Folk Songs and Chorus Anti-Japanese Cavalry. 1In August, 942, Zheng Lvcheng was sent to work in the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Taihang Mountain area as the education director of the Korean Revolutionary Military and Political School in China, and participated in many battles. 194465438+1returned to Yan 'an in October. The main works of this period are: the song "Our March" and "The Song of Japan's Anti-War Alliance".

From 1945 to 1950, Zheng Lvcheng returned to work in North Korea. During this period, he wrote works praising the Korean people's struggle and China-DPRK friendship. 1950, Zheng Lvcheng settled in Beijing and became a citizen of China. He went deep into factories, countryside and frontier defense, created for workers, peasants and soldiers, and wrote a lot of music works. Among them, the most important songs are: March of Chinese people's Volunteer Army, Song of Logging, Snowflakes in Xing 'an Mountains, Heroes at Sea, How Happy We Are, Song of the Stars and Opera Wang Fuyun (1957).

Zheng Lvcheng created more than 300 music works of various vocal genres in his life. He tried to think about creation from the perspective of musical image and seek accurate, vivid and vivid musical language. Its musical style is straightforward, simple, free and easy, and full of passion. He is good at absorbing folk music materials, integrating foreign music vocabulary, and forming his own simple, smooth, beautiful and cordial melody characteristics. His songs have been included in Selected Songs of Zheng Lvcheng 65438-0978 edited and published by People's Music Publishing House and Liaoning People's Publishing House.

Zhao Nanqi (1926 ——) is a senior general of China People's Liberation Army. Yongji County, Jilin Province. Korean. /Kloc-0 joined the Youth League led by Japanese communist party in Yongji in September, 1945./Kloc-0 joined the Seventh Detachment of Northeast Volunteers in Huadian in February, 1945, and participated in the struggle to eliminate the remnants of Japanese puppet troops and bandits. Later, he entered Northeast Military and Political University Jilin Branch to study. /kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in February, 947. He used to be an organization officer in Yanbian, Central China. 65438-0949, Policy Researcher, General Office of Jilin Provincial Party Committee. 1950 served as the staff of the Information Department of the Northeast Military Command. In the same year, he participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and served as a staff officer in the War Department of Chinese people's Volunteer Army Command. 195 1 winter, participated in organizing military transportation in the "strangulation war" against the us air force. 65438-0955 studied in the Command Department of Logistics College of China People's Liberation Army. 1957 served as the chief of the planning department of the organization and planning department of the volunteer logistics headquarters. He returned to China from 65438 to 0958, and later served as the Political Department of Yanbian Military Division of Jilin Military Region.