Cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in ancient times.

Science and technology: A. Papermaking in the Tang Dynasty and printing in the Song Dynasty spread to Korea, Japan, India, Arabia, North Africa and Europe, which promoted the development of human culture. B During the Song Dynasty, the compass spread from Arabs to Europe, which provided important conditions for European navigators to discover America and sail around the world. In the Yuan Dynasty in the 3rd century, gunpowder and gunpowder weapons spread to Europe.

Text: In the Tang Dynasty, Japan created Japanese characters with reference to the radical of cursive script and regular script.

Thought: Confucian classics in China and Buddhism in Han Dynasty spread to Japan.

2. Foreign culture was introduced into China.

Crop varieties: A In Song Dynasty, Zhancheng rice was introduced into southern China from Viet Nam; B In the late Ming Dynasty, sweet potatoes, corn, potatoes, tobacco, etc. originating in America were introduced into China.

Production technology: The Ming Dynasty introduced European water conservancy methods, which are recorded in the book Agricultural Administration.

Religion: A. Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains of China in the late Western Han Dynasty. Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, traveled west to ancient India, bringing back 600 Buddhist scriptures and translating 1300 volumes, which became precious historical materials for studying ancient India. Islam was introduced to China by Arabs in the Tang Dynasty, and many mosques were established in various places.

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