Job Recruitment Website - Ranking of immigration countries - Are there any examples of urbanization in Chinese and foreign history? Please analyze it carefully, thank you.
Are there any examples of urbanization in Chinese and foreign history? Please analyze it carefully, thank you.
Historical changes of Shanghai for centuries, Shanghai was only a small fishing village, and it didn't develop into a town until the 13th century. In 751 AD, an administrative county was first established in today's Songjiang, called Huating County. To the Song Dynasty (AD 991), there was Qinglong Town in the northeast of Qingpu on the south bank of Songjiang River. In order to facilitate traffic, merchant ships chose the Bund of Huangpu as the dock today, and a city gradually appeared on the west bank of the river to replace Qinglong Town and become a new port and commercial center. During the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 126-1274), Shanghai's position became increasingly important, and merchant ships gathered here, making it very lively. In 1292, the Yuan Dynasty set up an administrative county here, and by the Ming Dynasty, it had become the national textile and handicraft center, and the first factory was built. The Qing government established Shanghai Customs in 1685, and an international commercial port developed from then on. After the Opium War, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking, which was the first unequal treaty in the history of China. According to the treaty, Shanghai was opened as a trading port, and the tunnel was further reduced to an international colony. The invasion of foreign capital monopolized the handicraft industry in Shanghai and the southeast coast, but it also brought advanced science and technology and management experience, which promoted Shanghai's commerce, finance, textiles, light industry and transportation. At the same time, national industry and commerce began to mature. Shanghai has not only become the commercial and financial center of China, but also controlled the industrial lifeline of the country. The western part of Shanghai became land 6, years ago. Urban land formation was not fully formed until the first half of the 1th century. In 223 BC, Kuaiji County was set up after the Qin Dynasty destroyed Chu, and Suzhou was the seat of its governance. Huiji County governs Miu County, Youquan County and Haiyan County. Miao county includes Jiading and Shanghai counties, Qingpu and Songjiang counties and some urban areas. There is also a Miao town named after Miao in Jiading County today. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he built a wide chidao from Xianyang to Jiangsu and Shanghai via Hubei and Hunan. According to historical records, Chidao is 5 steps wide, and one tree is planted every 3 feet. Chidao passes through the northwest of Songjiang today, "passing through Qingpu Gutang Bridge and connecting Wucheng in the west". In 21 BC, Qin Shihuang led a group of military commanders, such as Prime Minister Reese and his youngest son Hu Hai, to cruise south. They passed through the Hengshan, Xiaokunshan and Sancha areas in the west of Songjiang and the south of Qingpu, and saw that the local products were rich and people were bustling, and people were boating and trading on the water. This shows that Shanghai had not yet formed a city. By the Jin Dynasty, Shanghai mainly relied on the benefits of fishing and salt, and its economy was quite developed. In the first year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties (585), the original Haiyan County was divided into Qingpu County and Qianjing County. In the Tang Dynasty, the southern border of Kunshan, the eastern border of Jiaxing and the northern border of Haiyan were located in Jianhua Pavilion County, and the county was located in Songjiang County. In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Qinglong Town was established in Jiang Nanan, Wusong, northeast of Qingpu, directly under Huating County. Qinglong Town was originally the place where Wu Sunquan built and moored warships during the Three Kingdoms period. Qinglong Port is the starting point of the lower reaches of Wusong River and a new port for foreign trade in the Tang Dynasty. Shipping vessels can not only reach coastal and inland river towns, but also directly reach Japan and North Korea. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Huating County was changed to Xiuzhou (the state is now Jiaxing). At this time, the beach to the east of Huating County has become an important salt field, with "a vast population and a sea ship beating" and increasingly developed commerce. In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1119), with the dredging of Songjiang Waterway again, Qinglong Town saw more development. According to Mei Yaochen, a poet of the Song Dynasty, in Qinglong Magazine, Qinglong Town has 22 bridges and 36 squares, as well as "three pavilions, seven pagodas and thirteen temples with thousands of fireworks", which was known as "Little Hangzhou". Although Qinglong Town is so prosperous, Shanghai, as a seaport of Huating, was still a desolate fishing village. Later, due to the shallow siltation in the lower reaches of Wusong River, Qinglong Town, which was once prosperous, gradually lost its position as a good port at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and became increasingly depressed and neglected. During the reign of Song Xining (l68-l77), the trade center moved to the northeast of Huating, where residential areas were formed, and the fishing village became a small town with a certain scale. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), the town government was formally established here, and the town was stationed. Because it is located on the west side of Shanghai Puxi, it is called "Shanghai Town". From the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (l277), a city shipping department was established in Shanghai Town, which together with Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Qingyuan and Ganpu were called the seven largest city shipping departments in China. The yamen of Bosi in Benbu City was located in the later Shanghai County Department, that is, Guangqi Road, Fangbang South Road, Xiaodongmen today. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (l291), the "Shanghai County" was officially established, which was the beginning of the construction of Shanghai. By the Ming Dynasty, there were many shops and restaurants in Shanghai. At this time, Shanghai had become a well-known "southeast city". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Shanghai's administrative districts evolved again, gradually forming the scale of Shanghai today. On the eve of the Opium War in l84, Shanghai County was bordered by Chuansha in the east, Nanhui in the south, Qingpu in the west and Baoshan in the north. There are 63 streets and lanes in the county town, with many shops, fresh feathers and vast territory, which is called "the city of the southeast". After the defeat of the Opium War, on August 29, 1842, the Qing government ordered the surrender faction Ying Ying and Ilib to sign the treaty of nanking with the British plenipotentiary Pu Dingcha. The third paragraph of the Treaty stipulates: "From now on, the Great Emperor (Emperor Daoguang of Qing Dynasty) allowed the British people to live with their families in five ports along the coast of Qing Dynasty, such as Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, with no obstacles to trade." Then, under the pretext of "sorting out the aftermath", Britain signed the Humen Treaty with the Qing government on October 8, l843. Article 9 of the Treaty stipulates: "It is stated in the 1,-year Peace Treaty (referring to treaty of nanking) that British people are allowed to take their families to Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai to live in five ports ... However, Chinese local officials and British stewards must agree with each other on where the local people plan to live, what houses and bases to use." On November 8th of the same year, Baffour, the first British consul in Shanghai, took office. According to the Humen Treaty, he asked Mu Jiu, a Taoist official in Shanghai, to set aside a piece of land as a "residence" for the exclusive use of British expatriates. Gong Mujiu thought that the separation between China and foreign countries could avoid "disputes" and acquiesced in Baffour's request. On this basis, Baffour issued a notice on November l4, announcing that Shanghai officially opened on November 17, 1843. After Shanghai was forced to open a port for more than 1 years, imperialist powers invaded Shanghai one after another, and they competed to set up concessions in Shanghai. First, Britain established a concession in Shanghai in 1845, and then the United States and France also established concessions in Shanghai in l848--1849. Later, the British and American concessions were collectively referred to as the "public concession". For more than a century, Shanghai has become an "adventurer's paradise" for foreign invaders. During the May 4th Movement in 19l9, workers, students and people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a citywide strike, which showed the patriotic spirit of the Shanghai people against imperialism and feudalism. In July 1921, the China * * * Production Party held its first national congress in Shanghai. In January 1925, Feng Jun entered Shanghai, and the then Beijing government changed Shanghai to Songhu. On March 29th, 1927, Shanghai Temporary Special Municipal Government was established. On July 1, 193, Shanghai Special City was renamed Shanghai. On May 28th, 1949, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government was established.
According to historical data, there was a wave of immigrants in Shenzhen as early as 16 years ago, and mainlanders made great contributions to the development of Xin 'an. Among the six counties under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, the first one is Baoan County, where the county governance and the county governance are in the same place, and it is a key transportation hub in the rivers and seas and a military town in coastal defense. Xin 'an old city has created the source of Shenzhen's urban development and become the center of Shenzhen's political, economic and cultural life. Historical changes are often manifested in "separation for a long time, separation for a long time". So is the development and change of Xin 'an old city. In the sixth year of Liang Tian's supervision (57), Dongguan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Chen moved the county to Zengcheng. In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany (757), the name of Baoan County was changed to Dongguan, and the county administration moved from Nantou to Dongguan today. By the Five Dynasties, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the administrative subordination of Shenzhen had undergone some changes. What we see today is Nantou City, that is, in the 27th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1394), the "Dongguan Defending Thousand Houses" built by Cui Hao, a thousand households in Guangzhou, on the site of the old city. In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573), Xin 'an County was set up from Dongguan County, with this city as the county seat. According to archaeological discoveries in recent years, Shenzhen has a history of 6 years. According to the information about underground archaeological excavations and ancient sites on the ground, Shenzhen has a long history. The pottery and stone tools found in the ruins of Dahuangsha and Dameisha dunes show that as early as the Neolithic Age five or six thousand years ago, human beings lived in this beautiful and rich land. Created a brilliant history and culture of Shenzhen. At present, it has been identified that there are 13 cultural sites, 234 ancient tombs, 68 ancient buildings and historical memorial buildings, 97 modern historical sites and revolutionary memorial buildings, and 12 old customs stations and boundary markers in Shenzhen. After screening, the municipal government has announced 36 cultural relics protection units in three batches. Among them, Dapeng City and "Zhongying Street" boundary markers were recognized as provincial cultural relics protection units by the provincial government in 1989.
Shenzhen is located on the coast of South China Sea, with coconut wind and sea rhyme, fine waves and white sand, and pleasant scenery. It has always been regarded as "the south gate of China and the scenic spot connecting the land". Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shenzhen has played an important role in politics, culture, economy, transportation and coastal defense. Archaeological materials prove that as early as five or six thousand years ago in the Neolithic Age, human beings worked, lived and multiplied in this beautiful and rich land of Shenzhen.
Since the Qin Dynasty, the residents of Baiyue nationality in Shenzhen have been under feudal centralized control, and the Han Dynasty has established salt officials in Shenzhen. Tombs of the Han Dynasty have been found in Nantou, Xixiang, Shajing, Dapeng and Lizhengwu Village in Hong Kong. Judging from the funeral and unearthed cultural relics, the advanced Central Plains culture had been integrated at that time.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties were the heyday of Shenzhen. It was located in Dongguan County and led to six counties, including Bao 'an and Xingning. Its jurisdiction included the Pearl River Delta and Huiyang area. At that time, Bao 'an County was probably located in today's Dongguan, Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
In the Tang Dynasty, Shenzhen waters became the hub of sea traffic. Set up a town in Nantou, and there are soldiers in Lingnan Festival; In the Song Dynasty, a "sea patrol division camp" was set up. Since the Song Dynasty, Shenzhen has become the hub of China's southern sea transportation and trade, and has made great economic development.
the Ming dynasty was the zhongxing period in the history of Shenzhen. in the twenty-seventh year of hongwu in the Ming dynasty (1394), dongguan was built to defend the city of Qianhu and Dapeng defended the city of Qianhu. Later, Nantouzhai was set up to form a military organization, which was called "the guardian outside Humen, the screen vassal of the provincial capital" to resist Japanese crown, pirates and other foreign invaders. In the 16th year of Ming Zhengde (1521), the soldiers and civilians in Nantou, led by Wang Hong, a sea patrol, annihilated the Portuguese fleet in Nantou waters.
By the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the number of residents in Xin 'an County had reached 225,979. The population has increased greatly, and agricultural production, fishing and salt industry have developed greatly.
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Xin 'an County was renamed Bao 'an County, and its administrative office was still located in Nantou City. At the stage of the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution, the people of Shenzhen wrote an epic chapter for national liberation. In particular, the anti-Japanese guerrilla column of Dongjiang River was active in Huidong and Baodi, which severely attacked the Japanese invaders and escorted the cultural figures trapped in Hong Kong to the liberated areas, making great contributions to China's cultural undertakings.
Shenzhen has a long history and developed culture, so it is rich in cultural relics and numerous scenic spots, such as Jinji Suiyuan Temple in the Jin and Sui Dynasties, Haiguang Temple in the Tang Dynasty, Huaidu Temple in the Southern Tang Dynasty in Lingdu Temple, Tianhou Temple in Chiwan in the Song Dynasty, Eight Scenes of Xin 'an in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lingding Mountain, Longqiao 'ao and Qiniang Mountain.
in the 198s, after Shenzhen was designated as the first special economic zone in China, the tourism industry developed extremely rapidly, and the newly-built tourist attractions and facilities were unique in charm, and they were well-known at home and abroad for their novel, unique and unusual styles.
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