Analysis: What is socialism and how to build it?

For a long time, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been the key issues that determine the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the modernization process in China, and also the fundamental issues that affect the overall work of the party and the state. Without a solid foundation of agriculture and the accumulation and support of agriculture, there can be no national independence and industrial development; Without the stability and all-round progress in rural areas, there can be no stability and all-round progress in the whole society; Without the well-off of farmers, there can be no well-off of the whole people. If agriculture is abundant, the foundation will be solid; If the countryside is stable, the society will be safe; If farmers are rich, the country will prosper. Only when nearly 800 million farmers join the modernization process can we revitalize the overall situation of the national economy and realize sustainable development; Only when the backward appearance of the vast rural areas is obviously changed can we achieve a well-off society on a larger scale and at a higher level. To this end, the Central Committee sized up the situation, made a major strategic decision to build a new socialist countryside at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, and outlined a new blueprint of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management" in rural areas of China in the future.

First, the connotation of "new socialist countryside"

"New socialist countryside" refers to the social state of rural society based on economic development and marked by all-round social progress in a certain period under the socialist system. It mainly includes the following aspects: First, develop the economy and increase income. This is the first prerequisite for building a new socialist countryside. It is necessary to improve agricultural production efficiency through industrialization means such as high yield, high efficiency, high quality characteristics and scale operation. The second is to build villages and towns and improve the environment. Including house renovation, garbage disposal, safe water use, road improvement, village greening and so on. The third is to expand public welfare and promote harmony. It is necessary to run compulsory education well so that all school-age children can go to school and receive basic education; Carry out the new rural cooperative medical system, so that farmers can enjoy basic public health services; It is necessary to strengthen the social security of rural old-age care and poor households; It is necessary to coordinate urban and rural employment and provide convenience for farmers to enter the city. The fourth is to cultivate farmers and improve their quality. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization and advocate healthy and civilized social customs; Develop rural cultural facilities and enrich farmers' spiritual and cultural life; It is necessary to strengthen the construction of village-level autonomous organizations and guide farmers to actively and orderly participate in rural construction.

Specifically, the so-called "new countryside" includes five aspects, namely, new houses, new facilities, new environment, new farmers and new fashions. These five are indispensable, and together they constitute the category of socialist "new countryside". In other words, it is necessary to build houses with different ethnic and regional customs according to local conditions, and the housing construction should meet the requirements of "saving society"; Improve infrastructure construction, with roads, water and electricity, broadcasting, communications, telecommunications and other supporting facilities, so that modern rural areas can enjoy information civilization; Good ecological environment and beautiful living environment. In particular, the ability to deal with environmental sanitation should reflect the characteristics of the new era; Make farmers have the quality of modernization and become "four farmers" with ideals, culture, morality and discipline; It is necessary to change customs, advocate a scientific, civilized and rule-based outlook on life, and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in rural areas.

Second, the historical background of the new socialist countryside

As early as 1950s, China proposed to build a new socialist countryside. At that time, the rural social productivity in China was low, and it was difficult to ensure the farmers' food and clothing. The development of agricultural production is mainly to solve the problem of food and clothing for farmers, and the construction of new countryside is to maintain the stability of the countryside and the whole society. Just as the concerns of hundreds of millions of peasants were gradually solved, the Cultural Revolution broke out. In that special era, "we would rather have socialist grass than capitalist seedlings", and agricultural production developed slowly or even stagnated. After the reform and opening up, the rural productive forces have been liberated as never before, and various rural undertakings have made rapid development. The "upstairs and downstairs, lights and telephones" that farmers have been looking forward to has become a reality. At this time, building a new socialist countryside is a simultaneous effort of the two civilizations. This is put forward on the basis of summing up historical experience and lessons, especially the lessons of the Cultural Revolution, and according to the reality of China's social development and the requirements of the progress of the times. In the early 1980s, China put forward the concept of "well-off society", in which building a new socialist countryside is one of the important contents of well-off society. The construction of "new socialist countryside" put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session is a comprehensive rural reform under the new historical background and under the guidance of new ideas.

This is based on the fact that the difficulty and key to achieving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in the countryside. Generally speaking, at present, China's agricultural modernization is struggling, farmers' income is difficult, and the task of rural social development is arduous. The deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of agriculture and rural areas have not been eliminated, the long-term mechanism to promote farmers' sustained and stable income increase has not yet been formed, and the situation of rural economic and social development has not fundamentally changed. If these problems and contradictions are not cured and solved, it will be difficult to win the initiative in the all-round development of economy and society, and it will be easy to have twists and turns.

& lt Second, based on the fact that China has entered a new development stage of promoting agriculture through industry and bringing rural areas through cities, it has initially possessed the economic strength that industry feeds back agriculture and cities support rural areas. In 2004, China's GDP reached10.3 trillion yuan, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP reached more than 85%, and the fiscal revenue reached 2.6 trillion yuan, which is very beneficial to the construction of new countryside. In accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development, we should increase support for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Otherwise, it is futile to change the backward appearance of rural areas as soon as possible.

& lt Third, based on consolidating the achievements of rural reform and development and improving the international competitiveness of agriculture. Accelerating rural reform and promoting rural development is not only the urgent desire of farmers, but also the general consensus of the whole society, and it is also the objective requirement to meet the challenge of socialist market economy development and participate in increasingly fierce international competition. To build a new socialist countryside, we must continue to find ways through reform, promote development through innovation, and actively establish institutional mechanisms that meet the requirements of market economy and international common rules, so that farmers can enjoy the fruits of reform and development.

Fourth, based on alleviating the three major constraints of rural development, such as resources, market and system, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and realizing common prosperity. A basic fact is that with the obvious improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, the pace of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating, and many factors such as land and capital are concentrated in cities. In the past seven years, the cultivated land decreased by 65.438+0 billion mu, and the per capita fell to 654.38+0.2 mu, equivalent to 654.38+0/3 of the world average, while the rural population did not decrease much. The income gap between urban and rural residents has dropped from 2.57∶ 1 in the early days of reform and opening up to 2.57∶ 1 now. The contradiction accumulated in rural areas has sent a strong warning signal to the national economy. Therefore, the central government should make up its mind to rationally adjust the pattern of national income distribution and implement the policy of industry feeding back agriculture and cities supporting rural areas.

Third, the significance of building a new socialist countryside

(A) building a new socialist countryside is an inevitable requirement for building a harmonious socialist society. Building a new socialist countryside and solving the "three rural issues" are mutually unified. In the process of building a harmonious society, solving the "three rural issues" is always an overall and fundamental issue. Different from cities, the construction of a harmonious rural society should be closely combined with the reality of rural construction, and the rural area should be built into a new socialist countryside with prosperous economy, complete facilities, complete functions, beautiful environment, good ecology and civilized progress.

(2) Building a new socialist countryside is the fundamental way to coordinate urban and rural development and achieve prosperity. Social fairness and prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and the basic characteristics of new socialist countryside. To build a new socialist countryside, we must adhere to development first and take economic construction as the center. By accelerating the pace of agricultural industrialization, rural urbanization and agricultural modernization, we will continuously narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, realize the leap from food and clothing to a well-off society, and from a partial well-off society to a comprehensive well-off society, and finally achieve the goal of * * * and prosperity.

(3) Building a new socialist countryside is a reliable guarantee for the construction of "three civilizations" in rural areas. The construction of a new socialist countryside is a systematic project, which has clear goals and requirements for all aspects of rural social and economic life, including the construction of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization; It is necessary not only to promote rural economic development and improve farmers' living standards, but also to strengthen the construction of rural grassroots party organizations, improve farmers' scientific and cultural quality, and form a good social trend.

Therefore, building a new socialist countryside is an important strategic deployment to promote the all-round development of rural economy and society under the new situation, an inevitable requirement to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development and build a harmonious society, a fundamental way to change the backward appearance of rural areas in China, and a comprehensive measure to systematically solve the "three rural issues".

Four, the current situation and existing problems of building a new socialist countryside in our region

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, our region has taken various effective measures to develop the rural economy and promote all-round social progress, and achieved remarkable results. Mainly manifested in:

(1) The rural economy has developed steadily and farmers' income has gradually increased.

In recent years, the introduction and implementation of a series of policies supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers by the central and autonomous regions have greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain and developing agricultural production. The rural economy has grown steadily, farmers' income has been continuously improved, and the rural economy has entered a new stage of development. In 2004, the added value of agriculture in our region reached 6.72 billion yuan, the total grain output reached 2.905 million tons, and the per capita net income of farmers reached 2,320 yuan.

(2) The infrastructure has been gradually improved and the living environment has been continuously optimized.

With the strong support of the national western development policy, our district actively strives for national policies and projects, and organizes and implements a number of infrastructure projects such as rural power grid transformation, forestry ecological construction, drinking water transformation for people and livestock, county and township highway construction, rural primary and secondary school building construction, and well-off housing construction. At the same time, we will continue to intensify the reform of farmland and land, so that some low-and medium-yield fields will be improved, the basic conditions in rural areas will be further improved, and agricultural development will have stamina and sustainable development will be guaranteed.

(3) The development of science and technology education has been accelerated, and the quality of farmers has been continuously improved.

In recent years, with the steady development of rural economy and the continuous improvement of farmers' income, our region has increased its investment in education and science and technology year by year, and the investment in primary and secondary school buildings, distance education networks and audio-visual education facilities has become the focus of rural investment in various places. At the same time, all localities continue to increase scientific and technological training for farmers and cultivate rural scientific and technological talents. Farmers actively learn to use new technologies, and new agricultural technologies have been widely promoted in rural areas.

(4) Democracy and legal system have been continuously improved, and cultural life has been further improved.

Under the general environment of strengthening the construction of democracy and legal system in the country, great achievements have also been made in the construction of democracy and legal system at the grassroots level in rural areas. The legal awareness of the broad masses of cadres and people has been generally enhanced, and laws and regulations closely related to farmers' production and life, with the constitution as the core and the agricultural law and the organization law of villagers' committees as the focus, have been widely popularized; Activities to govern villages according to law have been widely carried out. Under the leadership of the village party branch, the work pattern of establishing rules according to law, governing the village by system, democratic management and democratic supervision has gradually taken shape. Villagers' autonomy is widely practiced, village affairs are made public, and rural grassroots democracy is developed. At the same time, the cultural living standards of rural residents are constantly improving. With the improvement of farmers' living conditions, farmers pay more attention to the improvement of their own quality, and their expenditures on culture, services and entertainment are increasing. Mobile phones and computers began to enter farmers' families, expanding farmers' ability and channels to receive external information, and the informatization level of rural residents continued to improve.

Effective ways to build a new socialist countryside in poverty-stricken areas

Building a new socialist countryside is an important historical task in the new period and stage. As a poverty-stricken area, we should start with what farmers are most concerned about, demanding most urgently, benefiting most directly and taking the most effective actions, and where farmers are the most active, cadres are the most active and conditions are the most mature, fully respect farmers' wishes, meet farmers' needs, give full play to farmers' role, represent farmers' interests, get benefits for farmers, mobilize farmers' enthusiasm and solidly promote the construction of new countryside.

First, develop modern agriculture and form a new pattern of industrial development. "Developing production" is the top priority of new countryside. Accelerating the construction of modern agriculture, prospering rural economy and improving rural productivity are the primary tasks of building a new countryside. The rural collective economy in poverty-stricken areas is generally weak, the degree of peasant collectivization is not high, and the pace of modern agriculture development is slow. In view of the outstanding problems that restrict the development of rural productive forces, we should seize the key links such as the cultivation of pillar industries, the expansion of characteristic bases, the management of leading industries, the growth of science and technology, and the improvement of infrastructure, and take comprehensive measures to accelerate the transformation of agricultural growth mode. The construction of Nanzhao's "three villages" (immigrant village, characteristic economic village and civilized village) is in the forefront of the new rural construction in the province, which is worth learning. It is to seize the policy opportunity of the higher authorities, focus on the use of key projects such as food for work, safe drinking water for people and livestock, national debt biogas, and returning farmland to forests, improve the efficiency of capital use, and lay a solid foundation for the development of modern agriculture. Adhere to promoting farmers' income as the central task of agriculture and rural work, tap the potential of increasing income within agriculture, broaden the channels for transferring rural surplus labor to employment, and form a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income. In particular, we should not only rely on the advantages of resources to develop modern agriculture, but also dare to "make something out of nothing", jump out of the strange circle of resource dependence, vigorously develop green products and organic products, and extend the economic tentacles to all fields and levels.

The second is to vigorously promote cultural construction and realize the new improvement of farmers' living standards. Doing everything possible to increase farmers' income, improve consumption structure and improve farmers' quality of life is the fundamental goal of new rural construction. "Well-off life" is one of the important contents of new rural construction, and its rich connotation lies in enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the masses after meeting their special needs. Farmers in poor areas have low incomes and relatively poor material and cultural life. We should use the ideas and concepts of organizing economic work to organize the development of cultural undertakings. In recent years, nanzhao county has adopted the way of attracting investment, built the county comprehensive cultural center, rebuilt the county cinemas and theaters, and promoted the vigorous development of the cultural infrastructure construction in towns and villages throughout the county. We should adhere to the project as the support, strengthen the construction of cultural infrastructure, build a strong cultural position, build a public cultural service system, and realize and protect farmers' basic cultural rights and interests. It is necessary to give full play to the role of market mechanism, strengthen policy regulation, actively develop cultural industries, cultivate characteristic cultural industries, fully mobilize all social forces to participate in rural cultural construction, and provide more and better cultural products and services. Strengthen the construction of cultural compound at the county, township and village levels, carry out mass cultural activities such as culture going to the countryside, square culture and culture entering the community, and fully explore, sort out and make use of folk art projects and traditional folk crafts. We will improve the networking of supporting radio and television optical cables in counties and townships, realize the coverage of radio and television in every village, expand the coverage of radio and television, and enrich the spiritual and cultural life of farmers.

The third is to strengthen publicity, education and guidance, and promote rural customs and folk customs. Strengthening rural spiritual civilization construction, developing rural social undertakings and cultivating new farmers are important contents of new rural construction. At present, there are still some traditional concepts in poor areas, such as many children and many blessings, and some stereotypes, such as gathering people to gamble, doing big things and feudal superstitions. To a certain extent, it has increased the difficulty of family planning and social stability. We must break the trend of "rural civilization" as soon as possible, strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization, accelerate the development of rural education and culture, advocate the new trend of healthy civilization, improve the comprehensive quality of farmers and cultivate new farmers. Vigorously develop advanced culture, support healthy and beneficial culture, transform cultural backwardness, resist decadent culture, advocate scientific civilization, overcome ignorance and backwardness, adopt various measures and mechanisms such as establishing and improving red and white councils and folk associations, and hand over things that the government neglects to manage and manage poorly to folk organizations, create a strong atmosphere in which everyone stresses civilization and consciously cultivates new styles, and promote the coordinated development of rural material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.

The fourth is to increase capital investment and promote new changes in the rural landscape. Strengthening rural infrastructure construction and improving rural living environment are the key links of new rural construction. The investment in rural public welfare undertakings in poverty-stricken areas is generally insufficient, and the infrastructure such as water, electricity, roads and communications and the environment, medical care and village appearance are relatively backward. Expand the coverage of public finance in rural areas, strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure, and improve public infrastructure such as health, education and medical care; Increase investment in rural roads, safe drinking water, rural energy, kitchen and toilet facilities; Improve the construction of supporting facilities such as electric power, broadcasting, communication and electric power; Strengthen rural environmental construction, carry out the renovation of rural domestic garbage, ditches, ponds and courtyard barns, strengthen the renovation of dilapidated houses, create a good ecological environment and a beautiful living environment, and lay a material foundation for agricultural development, rural prosperity and farmers' prosperity. In the development of villages and towns, we should insist on planning first, not only carefully plan the new rural pilot to achieve typical demonstration, but also plan the development plan of each new rural area and strive to achieve overall development. In terms of capital investment, we should not only increase government investment, but also inject funds through various forms such as donations from fellow villagers, sponsorship from large enterprises, and assistance from counterpart units. More importantly, it is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the masses to build a beautiful home, tap their potential, actively invest and invest, and start with specific links such as greening, beautification and lighting to change the rural landscape.

The fifth is to implement democratic management and improve the new mechanism of rural governance. Deepening various rural reforms, strengthening the construction of grass-roots democracy and grass-roots organizations, and creating a peaceful and harmonious countryside are powerful guarantees for the construction of new countryside. Some rural grass-roots organizations are not strong in cohesion and combat effectiveness, coupled with the restrictions of farmers' own low quality, and their awareness of democratic management is not strong, which has become a difficult problem in the construction of new countryside. Expand rural grassroots democracy, do a good job in villagers' autonomy, improve the system of making village affairs public, carry out legal education, and ensure that farmers exercise their rights as masters of their own affairs according to law. Adhere to the direction of the reform of the socialist market economy, stabilize and improve the basic management system in rural areas, promote various rural reforms as a whole, fully respect the initiative of farmers, and comprehensively enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development. In particular, we should pay attention to practical results and put an end to formalism. When formulating the objectives, tasks and measures of new rural construction, it is necessary to strictly meet the requirements of new rural standards, but also to be practical, not to increase the burden on farmers, not to engage in forced apportionment, and not to engage in image projects and performance projects that are divorced from reality. In terms of methods, it is easy first and then difficult, and it is implemented step by step, not rushing to March, not across the board; Take advantage of the situation, do a good job in typical guidance, do a good job in demonstration and drive, and make solid progress by combining point with area to ensure practical results.

Transferred from Baidu