Notes on the Peloponnesian War History and Warring States Policy (1 13)

Uncle Wei CuO was a general of Wei, but he fought Han and Zhao in the north, and the birds were happy. Wang Wei said, meet in the suburbs to reward millions of land. Uncle CuO turned away, bowed again, and said, "My husband keeps the soldiers straight and impartial, and is picky, but I have no choice." The obstacles in front of the pulse shape ensure that the people of the three armed forces are not confused, and the power of Baning and Xiangxiang is also there. Reward and punish the former, let the people clearly believe in the latter, and the king knows the law. He who dares to see the enemy bravely and tirelessly is also a minister. Te Wang is the minister's right-hand man, and he never tires of rewarding him. Why? If we take the merits of my minister as an example, what are my strengths? "Qi Weiwang said," you speak very well! " ! " So after Sowu got up, he gave Tian 200 thousand. Baning and Xi 'an Tian Xiang each have100000 yuan.

Wei's uncle CuO, a general of Wei, fought Wei and Zhao on the north bank of Lianshui and captured Zhao's general's music. Overjoyed, he went to meet his uncle in the suburbs and gave him 1 million mu of land as his food. Uncle CuO turned to retreat, and then the two worshippers politely declined, saying, "It can keep the soldiers from falling apart, go forward and not deviate, and force the enemy not to retreat but to press themselves. This is something that my soldiers and crabs will not be able to do. Thanks to Ba Ning and Xian Xiang, it is difficult to observe the terrain ahead, judge the pros and cons, and take precautions to prevent the officers and men of the three armed forces from being chaotic. Before the war, rewards and punishments were clear, and after the war, it was the wise statutes of the king that made the people understand and trust. Seeing that you can attack the enemy, those who dare not slack off when beating gongs and drums and marching are the squadron leaders. The king only rewarded his lieutenants because his right hand did not slacken. Why? If you think I have made meritorious deeds, what achievements have I made? " Wei Huiwang said, "Very good." Therefore, find the descendants of Wuqi and give 200,000 mu of land. The land awarded to Baning and Cuan Township is100,000 mu each.

Uncle CuO is really a wise general, not greedy for utility, seeking Wei's blessing for the pros and cons of next year.

Wang Dao: "Uncle, aren't you an elder? Since I have defeated the strong enemy, I have not left behind the sages and hidden the traces of capable people. How can my uncle be useless? " Therefore, with 400 thousand fields, plus 1 million, there are 1.4 million. Therefore, "Laozi" said: "The more you think about people, the more you think about them; Since I am with others, the more I have. " Uncle uncle wants it.

Wei Huiwang said, "Isn't Uncle Wrong a moral person? I defeated a powerful enemy for me, I didn't forget the descendants of the sages, and I didn't cover up the achievements of capable people. How can my uncle not benefit! " So he was given 400,000 mu of land, plus the original/kloc-0.0 million mu of land, and he had/kloc-0.0 million mu of land. Therefore, Laozi said: "A saint has no savings and is completely considerate of others. It is that he has more money, and after giving it to others, he has more wealth. " Uncle CuO should be such a person.

Only uncle CuO can make such a return. Wei Huiwang just wanted to reward him.

Ok, let's take a look at Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War!

This is indeed a great victory for ancient Syracuse, and this victory was achieved at sea; Before this campaign, they were always afraid of the reinforcements brought by Demosthenes. Now the Athenians are completely discouraged; They can hardly believe what is happening now, and they regret that they should not have launched this expedition. Among the cities fighting against them, only these cities are similar in nature to themselves: like themselves, they are democratic, with vast territory and equipped navy and cavalry. They can't use the means of differentiation, or try to change the regime of the Syracuse ancients, ① seize power and make it lean towards their own side, nor can they conquer the Syracuse ancients with great military strength; Most of their efforts failed. Even before the movement, they didn't know what to do. Now, after being unexpectedly defeated at sea, they are completely exhausted.

Athenians finally tasted the pain of invading others.

Now the ancient people of Syracuse began to sail around the harbor, not afraid of enemy attacks; And planned to block the port, so that even the Athenians could not sneak away. For them, it is not simply a question of saving themselves; What they have to do now is to stop the Athenians from escaping. They correctly believe that they are now on the superior side, and they know that if they can defeat the Athenians and their allies on land, sea and land, this achievement will make them famous all over Greece. Other Greeks will immediately be liberated from the rule of the Athenians, or relieve their fear of the Athenians, because the remnants of Athens will never be able to resist future wars against them; All the honors will go to the ancient Syracuse, so they will be respected in present and future generations. In addition, there are many other reasons that make this battle a glorious battle: they will not only conquer the Athenians, but also conquer many of their allies; The ancients of Syracuse were not isolated; They also have their own allies, and they are in a leading position with Corinthians and Spartans, because they put their cities first, and they are the main creators of maritime victory.

The ancient Syracuse became famous in World War I.

There is no doubt that in this war, Athens and Sparta gathered more troops in total; But beyond that, never before have so many tribes gathered under one city. The following countries are on both sides, supporting Sicily and attacking Sicily. They all fought under the ancient city of Syracuse. Some of them came to help the Athenians conquer Sicily, while others came to help Syracuse defend Sicily. They are United not because of the principles of friendship or ethnic relations, but because of the interests or needs of each country. The Athenians themselves were Ionians, and they took the initiative to attack Dorian Syracuse. Along with them came their colonies (the dialects and laws used by these colonies are still the same as those used by the Athenians)-Remnos, Kim Brossi, 1 Elkina (when Lang occupied Elkina) and (they lived in Youbei). Some other components of the expeditionary force joined the Athens members. Among the tributes, there are Youbeiya tribes from Yeridori, Kalsis, Styria and karis. There are tribes from Teos, andros and Tinos Islands; There are Miletus, Samos and Keos of Ionia. Among these last-mentioned tribes, the Keos are not tributes, but provide their own ships. Almost all the tribes mentioned above are descendants of Ionians and Athenian immigrants, and only karis is a Delian. Although Ionians belong to the people and are forced to perform military service, they always fight Dorians. In addition, there are the Joerians, Amatims (4) (who supply ships without paying tribute), Tenedos and Innas (who pay tribute). These dusty tribes were forced to fight against the pioneers who stood on the side of the ancient Syracuse, although the pioneers were all the same dusty compatriots and their founding fathers. Only Pilate (1) (although they are Bioti themselves) fought against other Bioti, which is natural, because other Bioti are their enemies. Rhodes and Sisera are Dorians; Sisera, an immigrant from Sparta, helped the Athenians against Sparta under the command of Gylippus. The Rhodes were forced to fight Syracuse of Dorian race and their own immigrants because they were Argos by blood, because Syracuse stood on Syracuse's side. As for the islanders around the Peloponnesian Niudao, the Sefaleni and Saccinsius (3) participated in the expedition as independent countries, but in fact, because Athens controlled the ocean, they were in the position of islanders and had almost no freedom of choice. Khosla people are not only Dorians, but also Corinthians, but they openly joined Athens and opposed Corinthians and Syracuse ancients. They took this action under the pretext of being forced, but in fact they volunteered because they hated Corinthians. Nopakdu (4) and Messenians of Pyros (still occupied by the Athenians) (they now use this name) were also involved in the war. In addition, there are a few exiles in Megara. (5) They are also fighting against their compatriots, that is, the Megara people who came to Nagas.

This is a medium-sized world war.

The rest of the expeditionary forces volunteered to participate. They participated, not because of the alliance, but because they hated Sparta and wanted to gain self-interest quickly. Therefore, the Argos in Dorian and the Athenians in Ionia joined forces against the rest of Dorian. Mendenians and other Acadian mercenaries are used to attacking any temporarily appointed enemy. They serve in the army for salary, so they regard the Acadians who serve in the Corinthian army as enemies, just like anyone else. Crete and the Tories also hired troops, so although Crete established a machine with Rhodes in the past, now they don't help their colony, but they voluntarily fight against their colony for salary. There are also Achinians in the army, some of whom come for salaries, but most of them come because of their friendship with Demosthenes and their kindness to their allies, the Athenians. All these people live on the Greek side east of Ionian Bay. Among the Greek cities in Italy, there are Italian lovers and Medaponta people, who were forced to take part in the expedition by the domestic revolutionary situation. Among the Greek cities in Sicily, there are Naxos and Catana. Among those who speak languages different from those of the Greeks, there are urqui Astonists (they invited the Athenians to intervene) and most Cisse. In addition to Sicily, there are also some Idalarians (who entered the war because of their hatred of Syracuse) and mercenaries who love Apigia. All these people are on the side of the Athenian army.

Continue to introduce allies of the two camps.

On the other side, some countries helped the ancient Syracuse: their neighbors Kamarina, 6 and Kamarina's neighbor Gila were separated by Akers (they were neutral), and some people lived on the other side of Sicily. All these people live on the coast of Xixi facing Libya. On the west coast facing tyrrhenian sea, there are Greek Milla people. They are the only Greeks in that area and the only people who helped the ancient people of Syracuse in that area. These people are Sicilian Greeks allied with Syracuse; They are all Dorians and independent. Among non-Greeks, only those Cisel who did not join Athens stood on the side of Syracuse ancients. Among the Greeks outside Sicily, there were Spartans (they provided a regular Spartan officer as a commander and an army organized by slaves (4) and Greeks), Corinthians (only they came with troops and fleets at the same time), Luckas and brucia (they participated in them because of their race), Acadians employed by Corinthians, and some troops recruited from Xixufeng; (4) In addition to the Peloponnesian Peninsula, there are people from Piote. But compared with these troops from overseas, most of all kinds of armaments were provided by Syracuse ancients themselves, because they lived in big cities. They have many heavy infantry, ships and horses, and an unlimited supply of manpower for other purposes. At the same time, it can be said that the burden of the ancient city of Syracuse is more than that of all other countries combined. First, it is a big city-state, and second, the most dangerous thing is the ancient people of Syracuse.

This paper introduces that ancient Syracuse played a central role in this war.

This is all the military strength of both sides. At this time, allies of both sides participated, and there will be no other reinforcements in the future.