Detailed information of Chinese in Brunei

Brunei (Negeri Brunei Darussalam) is located on the northwest coast of kalimantan island (formerly known as Borneo), covering an area of 5,765 square kilometers. This land is divided into two parts by Sarawak's forest dream. Geographically, Brunei faces Singapore, Malay Peninsula, Thailand and Vietnam across the South China Sea. In Malay, the country of Darfur means a country of peace. The phenomenon that Chinese in Brunei live in cities is particularly obvious. They mainly live in Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Lumpur, Sri Lanka and Tutong, the capital of Brunei.

Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth, a Brunei Chinese: Negeri Brunei Darussalam area: 5765 square kilometers Chinese population: 4062 1 person (199 1 year) Major Chinese: Fujian, Hakka, Chaozhou, etc. Country: Brunei introduction, Chinese immigrants, Chinese associations, economic activities, political status, community organizations, geographical associations, industry-related associations, sports groups, Chinese education, secondary schools, primary schools, Chinese newspapers, and literary activities. Brunei is one of the ancient kingdoms in Asia. The dynasty was established in the 8th century, and it became a powerful Muslim kingdom in15th century. Later, the invasion of western colonial forces gradually weakened the ruling power of the Sultanate and became a British protectorate in 1888. 1906, the British were appointed as the Special Affairs Council to advise on national affairs. 1959, they negotiated and concluded a new constitution with Britain and became an autonomous country. Britain is responsible for Brunei's foreign affairs, security and defense. 1 984 65438+1October1Brunei gained complete independence and soon joined the United Nations and became a member of the British Association and ASEAN. Brunei is famous for its rich oil and natural gas, which makes it one of the richest countries in the world, with a national income of 25,000 won (US$ 65,438+US$ 0.48 million), ranking first among the developing China countries. China immigrated to Brunei, which was called Boni Country in ancient times. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Brunei had trade with China, and China businessmen had a record of stopping in Brunei. 1972, Fu Wukang excavated an ancient tombstone of the Southern Song Dynasty in Brunei. It can be known from the inscription on the tombstone that the tombstone was erected in 1264. The owner of the tomb is Pu, probably a Muslim in Quanzhou. According to legend, Huang Shunqing, the president of Fujian and Zhejiang in Jinmen at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, was exiled to Brunei and was named Xu by Sultans Of Brunei. Because of the villagers' relationship, Jinmen people moved to Brunei at that time. This theory remains to be verified, but in the 1600 s, Brunei's gold, pepper and other spices will undoubtedly attract a large number of Chinese businessmen to settle down. /kloc-In the late 7th century, Brunei was in turmoil, and Chinese sailboats and residents had to leave the country. However, at the beginning of the18th century, China people made a comeback, building ships and planting peppers, which became the main source of income for the Kingdom of Brunei at that time. According to the first population survey in Brunei, there were 736 Chinese in Brunei in 19 1 1 year. 1929, rich oil fields were discovered in Brunei, and immigrants from China flocked to Brunei. During this period, China technicians from Sarawak, Singapore and Hongkong came to Brunei to look for jobs in the oil industry, while other China people were engaged in agriculture. After World War II, Brunei accelerated its development, laid infrastructure and created many employment opportunities, thus attracting more immigrants from China. By 199 1 year, the population of China will reach 4062 1 year, but half of them are temporary residents with short-term work permits of 1 to 3 years. Of the 52% permanent residents in China, only 23% are citizens, and the remaining 29% have not yet obtained citizenship. Brunei has a total population of more than 400,000, and Chinese account for 9% of the total population. Bandar seri begawan is a Chinese community and an administrative, trade and commercial center. Malaya City and Shiria City are located in Malaya County, where oil fields are distributed, and Dudong City is surrounded by agricultural areas. The Chinese community in Brunei is composed of Fujian people (mainly Jinmen people), Guangfu people, Hakka people, Hainanese people, chaozhou people people and Xinghua people. These dialect groups are distributed in different regions: Jinmen people in Fujian gather in the capital; There are Hakka, Guangfu and Hainanese in Malay County. 1929, after discovering oil in Brunei, the Anglo-Dutch Shell Oil Company made great efforts to exploit it. At that time, many workers in China were recruited and employed for oil exploration and processing. At one time, Brunei had the highest proportion of overseas Chinese. After Brunei's independence, Brunei adopted a strict control policy towards foreigners. This has kept the number of overseas Chinese in Brunei at around 50,000. About 20,000 of them have obtained Brunei nationality, 1.5 million are permanent residents, and 1.5 million are still temporary residents. The ancestral homes of overseas Chinese in Brunei are mostly Fujian and Guangdong provinces, of which about 80% are from Fujian province, mainly large and small families; About 65,438+08% are from Guangdong Province, mainly from Hakka and chaozhou people. Hainan province accounts for about 2%. After internal autonomy was implemented in Brunei 197 1 year, the overseas Chinese economy also developed. Commerce is a window industry for overseas Chinese in Brunei, and it is also the most capital-intensive industry for overseas Chinese. Because the aborigines in Brunei disdain to operate the service industry, services such as catering and entertainment naturally become the monopoly industries of overseas Chinese. Lawyer is another major occupation of Chinese in Brunei. Nearly 100 private law firms in Brunei are all run by Chinese. Economic Activities In the early 20th century, Chinese in Brunei were engaged in farming or running small businesses to make a living. From 65438 to 0960, with the expansion of Brunei's infrastructure, many engineers, technicians, machine technicians, professionals, salesmen, construction workers and managers from China were introduced, which expanded the occupation scope of China people. In the 1990s, Chinese accounted for an important proportion (36%) in the wholesale, retail, catering and hotel industries, followed by the construction industry, accounting for 20%. The rest of Chinese are engaged in finance, insurance, industrial and commercial investment or services in these industries. Construction workers are mostly from East Malaysia and West Malaysia, and most of them are temporary workers. China Construction Company has built some magnificent high-rise buildings in Bandar Seri Begawan, such as the Old Sultanate Palace, Brunei Museum and Parliament Building. In addition, China people began to invest in manufacturing in 1960s to respond to the call of economic diversification. Political Status Brunei implements a constitutional monarchy, and the hereditary Sultan becomes the supreme ruler of the country, and at the same time holds important positions such as Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense. Malay is the official language and Islam is the state religion. And take Malay, Islam and monarch as the founding concept. Therefore, China people do not enjoy political status and are not allowed to form political groups and parties. To become a citizen of Brunei, it is not easy for Chinese to live in Brunei for 20 years and pass the Malay exam. Brunei has a population of nearly 50,000, of which less than 1000 people have obtained Brunei nationality. The community organization Brunei * * * allows Chinese to form communities, ranging from dozens of people. Some club members have friendship, and one person participates in several clubs. Due to the small Chinese population, there are no clan associations and surname associations in Brunei. The existing associations are mainly divided into eight categories: geography, industry, study, religion, literature, welfare and mutual assistance, culture and entertainment, and sports. Among them, there are the following 19 active associations: geographical association 1. Malay Qiongqiao Association II. Malay Fuzhou Association. Guest Association 4. Qiongzhou Hometown Association (Shi Si) 5. Guanghui Zhao Hui Association. Tai Po Association. Fujian province trade association. Shi Si China Chamber of Commerce. Mashi China Chamber of Commerce 10. Builders Association 12. Brunei Alumni Association 13. Wenzhong Alumni Association 14. Religious group of Chiang Kai-shek Alumni Association 15. Tengyunge Literature Group 16. Brunei Alumni Association Writing Group Culture and Entertainment Society 17. Brunei Sheng Qun Music Association 65448. Chinese education in Basketball Association aims at educating children in China, and Chinese in Brunei started running schools as early as 19 16. According to the Brunei Bulletin, the first Chinese school in Brunei was established in 19 16, and the Chinese in Malay County also advocated the establishment of a Chinese school. By 1938, Shili Yahua Society also founded Zhongzheng School. There are 8 Chinese schools (5 primary schools and 3 middle schools) in Brunei, which are not directly founded by the guild, but the guild donates money every year. Many members of the guild hall also serve as school directors. Chinese schools in Brunei, regardless of size or geographical distance, are bilingual in teaching, which conforms to the bilingual policy implemented by * * * *. Pay special attention to the teaching of China people's inherent cultural customs and ethics. Because the school teaches three languages and cooperates with the education policy of * * *, the enrollment is not limited to Chinese; Many witches, Indians and other indigenous students are also registered in China schools, and the number is increasing. In addition to local teachers, the teachers of famous schools also employ qualified professional teachers from ASEAN member countries to teach, of which Malaysia accounts for the majority; Several China schools even have principals appointed by * * * to assist in school affairs and administration. Chinese schools in Brunei, in addition to individual school exams, also take the * * * exam, and the graduating class of primary school takes the P.C.E primary school exam; Middle school students take the B.J.C.E junior high school exam or the G.C.E secondary school exam, and the students in China school do well in these exams, which is not inferior to other schools. The performance of China schools in various fields is also remarkable; For example, the national police training competition, China school won the championship many times; In other competitions such as science, sports and art, the performance of students in China schools is also impressive. Chinese schools in Brunei are all private, and the source of funds depends on students' tuition fees and generous donations from all walks of life every year. Chinese in Brunei are enthusiastic about education and generally have sufficient funds. Several large-scale Chinese schools have advanced teaching equipment, and most of them have electronic classrooms, computer teaching and research rooms and quite large libraries. Middle school 1. Polonaise Chinese Middle School (Shi Si) II. Malayan Chinese Middle School. Xili zhongzheng middle school primary school 4. Du Dong Chinese School. Jiuting Chinese School. Na Wei Chinese School. Dan Brown Training Primary School 8. The Chinese newspaper of Zhong Ling Primary School in Shuangxiling is responsible for editing or publishing local Chinese newspapers. They are: Brunei Miri, Malaysia, Malaysia Daily (head office is located in Miri, Malaysia, Malaysia) Brunei Shihua Daily (head office is located in Shiwu) Sin Chew Daily (head office is located in Kuala Lumpur) Nanyang Business Daily (head office is located in Kuala Lumpur) Literary activities Brunei does not have its own Chinese newspaper, and bookstores rarely sell China's literary works. Therefore, the writing atmosphere is not prosperous, there are few writers and the output is not much. Driven by the writing group of Brunei Alumni Association, it also aroused microwave oscillation. From 65438 to 0999, the Society published a collection of Chinese works in Brunei, including more than 80 works by 54 writers, including poems, essays, novels, short stories and plays. It can be said that sparrows are small and complete. Before that, writers living in Brunei and local writers had published more than 15 kinds of individuals or collections. In addition, Miri, Malaysia, Brunei, Malaysian Daily has an occasional supplement, Wen Yuan, Wu Shu, which is the works and introductory texts of China writers specializing in Brunei.