The Causes and Consequences of Jews' Immigration to Europe

The ancestor of the Jews was Jacob (pronounced Yael Cooper in Arabic), the son of Isaac and the grandson of Abraham (pronounced Ibrahim in Arabic). Later, his name was changed to Israel, which means "a man who wrestles with God". Moreover, because he hurt his hamstring while fighting with God, Jews had to pick out his hamstring and throw it away when slaughtering animals.

Jacob had 65,438+02 sons. Because of Yue Se, he moved to Egypt in the second year of the seven famine years. It was favored by Egypt's first 15 and 16 dynasties (about 65,438+05th century BC) established by the Xikosuo people who ruled Egypt at that time, and lived in the lower reaches of the Nile and became an agricultural nation. After Sikhs were driven out of Egypt by Nubian riots, the status of Israelis dropped sharply and became slaves of Egyptians. They fled Egypt under the leadership of Moses (pronounced Moussa in Arabic) and returned to Palestine to settle down. The descendants of Jacob's 65,438+02 sons formed twelve tribes, which were separated in Palestine and later unified into one country. Saul of the tribe of Benjamin first ruled for 40 years. After that, David of the tribe of Judah became king. David's name means "Meng Ai", and the Israeli state reached its peak during the reign of David's son Solomon (called Suleiman I in Arabia).

After Solomon's death, his son Rehoboam succeeded him. Because of his harsh policy with a group of young ministers, 65,438+00 tribes in the north separated and established the kingdom of Israel alone, and elected Jeroboam, the son of Nibal, as king. The Jewish tribe and the Benjamin tribe jointly established the Jewish kingdom. The kingdom of Israel was quickly destroyed by Assyrians, and the Jewish kingdom persisted for hundreds of years. Later, it was finally captured by the Babylonian Empire, and the people were taken to Babylon as slaves.

After the Persian Empire destroyed Babylon. Jews were allowed to return to the ghetto and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem, and later became subjects of the Greek and Roman empires. By the 1 century, Samaritans and Jews had no contact. Shortly after the death of Jesus, Jews revolted against the Romans, Jerusalem was attacked by the Roman army, the temple was demolished, and Jews were forced to live all over the world, calling themselves Jews.

Second, modern times

After the Jews went to all parts of the world, their languages and customs gradually assimilated with the local residents. However, in order to maintain national independence and adhere to their own religion, they still wrote in their own Hebrew characters. In Italy and Spain, the Jewish language is assimilated, and writing in Hebrew letters is called "Latin Novo"; Jewish in Germany and Poland is Yiddish; Jews living in China don't eat pork because of their religious beliefs. They were mistakenly called "Blue Hat Hui" and "Tuli Hui" by China people, and gradually confused with other Hui people, so that they completely lost Jewish beliefs and customs for a long time and turned to Islam. Although the contents of the Old Testament in the Christian Bible are almost the same as those in the Jewish Bible, the Christian New Testament expands the contents of the Old Testament to a certain extent and makes Christianity and Judaism have certain differences.

Third, modern and contemporary.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9 century, thousands of Jews fled here due to the intensification of persecution in Eastern Europe, most of whom went to the United States, Canada and Western Europe. By 1924, * * * about two million Jews had immigrated to the United States, because the attitude of American society towards the Jewish community was relatively more tolerant than that of Eastern Europe. The persecution of Jews in Europe finally reached its peak in Nazi Germany, and a massacre of about 6 million Jews took place, which almost destroyed all the cultural and historical deposits of Jews in Europe in 2000.

The State of Israel, founded in 1948, is the first Jewish state established in nearly 2000 years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Rome, which artificially revived the official spoken Hebrew. However, the location of Israel's founding is in the Palestinian area, which intensifies the conflict with Arab Palestinians who have settled there for a long time, makes the Middle East a hot spot in the world, and puts nearly 900,000 Jews who originally lived in Arab countries in trouble.

By the beginning of 2 1 century, the United States and Israel were the main Jewish settlements.

Before the founding of Israel, the proportion of Palestinian Arabs in Palestinian areas accounted for the vast majority, while Jews only accounted for 6% in 1948. Due to the war and the expulsion of the Israeli government, by 2009, Jews in Israel accounted for 76% of the total population, 19% were Arabs and 5% were other nationalities. Because the birth rate of Jews is lower than that of Arabs, and Jews immigrated from Israel to Europe and America, the Israeli government is worried that Jews in Israel will no longer account for the majority of the population in the future.

During the second world war

Hitler was an extreme racist and anti-Semitic. In Mein Kampf, he wrote: "The biggest antithesis of Aryans is Jews." He regards Jews as the enemy of the world, the source of all evil, the source of all disasters and the destroyer of human life order. These views became the theoretical basis for Hitler's subsequent slaughter of millions of Jews in an attempt to exterminate them. The reasons can be roughly seen from the following four aspects:

1, historical reasons

Historically, Europeans have been prejudiced against Jews. In order to clarify this issue, it is necessary to make a simple review of the history of the Jewish nation. The distant ancestor of the Jews was the Hebrews, a branch of the ancient Semitic people. Before BC, their ancestors once lived in the land of Arab Palestine. /kloc-in the 0 th century, after the Roman Empire captured Palestine, Jews held many large-scale uprisings against the Roman occupiers, but they were brutally suppressed by the Roman rulers. It was not until 135 that the Jewish uprising was defeated again. In this 1 century, Roman rulers slaughtered millions of Jews, and finally drove all the rest out of Palestinian land and scattered them to Western Europe. At that time, Western Europe was completely in a backward small-scale peasant animal husbandry society. Land is regarded as the most precious wealth, while commerce is an industry that people despise. After the Jews fled to western Europe, the local feudal lords discriminated against them very much, forbidding them to occupy land and allowing them to run businesses only. I don't know whether the fault of history educated them, or whether the hardships of life and death sharpened them, or whether history gave them opportunities. In a word, the historical aggregate formed by all this has cast the characteristics of Jews and made them smart and powerful. They not only grow sturdily in difficulties, but also become rich gradually.

From 13 to 15, Europe began to enter the capitalist society, and the local emerging bourgeoisie had conflicts of interest with the emerging Jewish capitalists who became rich through business, and bad luck came to the Jews again. The conflict of real interests and the difference of religious beliefs forced a large number of Jews to flow to Eastern Europe and American countries, and began the second Jewish exodus in history. Unfortunately, this anti-Semitic consciousness has actually evolved into a cultural deposit, which has been "passed down" to modern times in some countries and regions. Especially in Germany and Austria after entering the last century, anti-semitism is increasing day by day, and Hitler and his followers are one of them.

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Type a representative.

2. Religious issues

Religiously, Christianity is the most widely spread religion with the largest number of followers in the world. In Europe, especially in western Europe, people generally believe in Christ Jesus. Although the Old Testament, one of the Christian classics, was originally a Jewish classic, there is a close historical relationship between the two religions. However, according to Christian doctrine, Judas, one of Jesus' 12 disciples, betrayed the son of God and crucified Jesus for 30 pieces of silver coins, and Judas was a Jew, which caused Christians to hate Jews emotionally. Therefore, it is difficult for Christians in Europe to accept Jews in religious feelings. This socialization of religious feelings has gradually evolved into a popular social mentality of hating Jews. Similarly, this social mentality is also a kind of cultural precipitation.

3. Realistic needs

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the world economic crisis broke out.

194 1 year Jews died tragically on the streets of Ukraine.

It dealt a heavy blow to Germany, and at the same time, due to the suppression of World War I, industrial production fell back to the level at the end of last century, and national strength gradually declined. The profound economic crisis not only intensified the class contradictions at home, but also stimulated the monopoly bourgeoisie's ambition to expand abroad. "The German nation must find a way out from the plundered land and production space." Hitler's idea of fighting for the world was supported by the German monopoly bourgeoisie. However, the implementation of the evil plan to establish the Germanic empire of the German nation requires huge funds to provide financial security. In the case of declining national strength, it is natural for them to reach out to wealthy Jews.

In addition, Jews living in all parts of Europe are not only rich, but also have higher quality than other nationalities. Faced with such a nation, Hitler and his followers felt both hatred and timidity. In their minds, Jews, a special social group, are a serious threat to their dream of the "Third Reich". These undoubtedly aggravated Hitler's hatred and political jealousy towards Jews. In addition, the social and political life in Germany at that time was completely in a symptom of extreme madness, which made Hitler's anti-Semitism view not only lose its proper social environment, but also quickly become crazy.

4. The morbid psychology of Nazi rulers.

First of all, under the banner of nationalism and socialism prevailing in Germany at that time, the Nazi Party flaunted that the German nation was an excellent one and regarded the Jewish nation as an inferior one. In order to confuse the audience and deceive the German people, Hitler carefully packaged this theory of racial discrimination from two aspects. First, according to his own social logic, he took some words out of context from the predecessors' expositions on population issues and pieced them together into a theory of racial superiority and inferiority, thus creating a theoretical basis for pushing Jews to inferior races. The second is to use the deep-rooted anti-Semitic consciousness and religious complex in the hearts of Germans and Austrians to advocate the fallacy of "Jewish plague".

After Hitler's deliberate "grafting", this theory is no longer racial discrimination in the general sense. He used historical and religious factors to create a broad social foundation for his extermination of Jews, making this theory more universal and inflammatory. As soon as Hitler came to power, he was able to successfully carry out a set of anti-Semitic policies that persecuted Jews crazily, which undoubtedly benefited from his absurd theory. Secondly, the Nazi party also used the psychology that the German masses hated the Treaty of Versailles at that time to incite revenge, and transferred this emotion to the Jews.

Among these four reasons, the realistic need is the most direct factor, and other reasons are also very important factors. Without historical reasons and religious complex as the dominant conditions, even if the reality needs it again, it is hard to imagine that it will reach such a crazy and cruel level. Only when these four reasons are combined, a terrible and disgusting driving force full of blood is produced.

Any historical event is the product of various social related factors, or it is created by current events. During World War II, nearly 6 million Jews were killed, and Hitler was the chief culprit. Hitler's unique racial hatred and political jealousy towards Jews is a special reflection of the morbid psychology of political lunatics. The "strains" that led to Hitler's serious morbid psychology came from historical prejudice and religious complex, which were precisely bred by the German social environment at that time. To be exact, Hitler's serious morbid psychology and the crazy morbid psychology of social and political life in Germany at that time were complementary: on the one hand, crazy morbid psychology was the adhesive of historical prejudice, religious complex and practical needs; On the other hand, the aggregation of these three reasons pushed Hitler's crazy and morbid psychology to the extreme, which led to the great tragedy of human history.