Factors affecting the migration of ancient population in China

In 22 1 year BC, after the Qin dynasty unified China, Xianyang was established as its capital. In order to control Shanhaiguan Pass, it developed into a veritable national political center, with an estimated total population of over 700,000.

In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang sent a general Meng Tian with 300,000 troops to capture a large area of Hetao, build a city and set up a county in Hetao, relocate the mainland people there, develop production and strengthen border defense.

2. Fight and run

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, in order to escape the war, a large number of northern residents moved to Jiangnan, bringing advanced farming techniques. Shan Yue, a minority of Wu State, developed the area south of the Yangtze River with the Han nationality.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, many northerners moved to the south to avoid the scourge of war. In 3 17, the bureaucrats, nobles and big landlords who fled to the south of the Yangtze River jointly established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This process of population migration continued until the Southern Dynasties. Farmers from the north moved to the south, which increased the labor force and brought relatively advanced production tools and technologies to the south. Together with the working people in the south, they developed the Jiangnan area.

Step 3 make a living economically

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu was divided into two parts. The southern Xiongnu moved to Hetao and Shaanxi and northern Shanxi, where they lived together with the Han nationality and merged with each other, which promoted economic development. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Mangan, Bian and Qiang nationalities lived in the western and northern border areas.

They used to be nomadic people in vast areas of northern and western China. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, they have moved in one after another. By the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of Huns, Xianbei, Jack and other ethnic groups had moved in, and there were more than 500,000 Yi and Qiang people. They live in the vast areas of Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and Liaoning to the south of the Great Wall.

Extended data:

Current population migration

1, rural surplus labor, low economic income.

During the period of 1949- 1978, the growth rate of rural population in China was as high as 2.07%, while the average growth rate of agricultural national income was only 5.59%. International experience shows that if a country's population grows by 1% every year, the average economic growth rate must exceed 4% in order to keep people's living standards from declining. Therefore, from 1950s to 1970s, a large-scale low-income rural labor force was formed.

2. The rural ecological environment is under great pressure.

There are too many rural people and too many rural laborers piled up on limited arable land, which not only brings great pressure to the land, but also causes deforestation, ecological imbalance and environmental quality decline. Agricultural population density refers to the ratio of agricultural population to land area. It can reflect the pressure of population on the ecological environment to a certain extent.

3. Rural labor is hard and culture is backward.

Rural labor is dirty, bitter and tired. Ploughing farmland, grabbing it early and planting it late, is laborious and laborious, but it can't directly obtain monetary income. The mountain is high and the road is far, so the traffic is extremely inconvenient. The handling of materials depends on manpower and animal power.