Does the historical and cultural heritage include four great inventions?

China has a long history and many historical and cultural heritages of great scale, far-reaching significance and high value. These precious material wealth is also spiritual wealth. In recent years, the protection and sustainable development of historical and cultural heritage has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. The demand for historical and cultural heritage is not only at the protection level, but also at the protection-oriented, rational utilization, and exploring a scientific, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development path, which is the problem that historical and cultural heritage is facing now. With the gradual deepening of cultural relics protection in China, people's understanding of cultural heritage protection has been gradually improved, and the protection of cultural heritage has been continuously developed in depth and breadth, and the protection system and content have been continuously improved. In the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Facilities released in June 20 12, the preventive protection of cultural heritage was put on the agenda. In February 20 16, 16, the 13th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Heritage Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation of Public Cultural Services once again emphasized that in the process of cultural relics protection, preventive protection and rescue protection should be placed in the same important position. At the same time, the surrounding environment of cultural relics should also be included in the scope of protection for overall protection. However, at present, the risk protection of ancient buildings in China is dominated by the government, supplemented by commerce, and there is no special legal system to deal with cultural heritage disasters. Provisions on disaster prevention and mitigation of cultural relics protection are scattered in laws and regulations on disaster prevention and mitigation formulated according to relatively single disaster categories. As the historical and cultural heritage of China, Honglincuo bears rich historical information and rich spiritual and cultural connotations. It not only has high historical, scientific, artistic, social and cultural value, but also plays an important role in promoting local social, economic and cultural development. Therefore, the protection of red forest fault needs to attract the attention of the government and the public. This paper attempts to discuss the specific problems existing in the protection and sustainable development of Honglincuo from the perspective of urban sustainable development by combing the ideas of Honglincuo protection and sustainable development. 2 Urban sustainable development under the theory of system coordination Theoretically speaking, the theoretical research of urban sustainable development covers economics, environmentology, ecology, system science and other fields. A city is a complex system in which human activities interact with the natural environment. The complex system of city can fully embody the unity of opposites among human production, life and environment. Its theoretical research perspective is more specific and closer to reality than the theory of sustainable development. The research content of urban sustainable development theory can be roughly divided into the perspectives of resources and environment, urban ecology, economic development, urban spatial structure and sociology. For cities in developed countries, sustainable development emphasizes the sustainable utilization of resources and the protection of ecological environment. For cities in developing countries, sustainable development should emphasize "development" and give consideration to the utilization and protection of resources and environment. The theory of system coordination, which studies the sustainable development of cities, holds that urban system is a closely related and complex system composed of subsystems such as society, economy, population, resources, environment and ecology through interaction, interdependence and mutual restriction. For urban development system, population, resources and environment are the basis of sustainable development, economy is the condition of sustainable development, and social sustainable development is the goal. The sustainable development of the city is manifested in the coordinated development of these subsystems. Historical and cultural heritage belongs to the environmental system under the urban system and needs to interact with social, economic, population, resources, ecology and other subsystems. 3. Research Status of Historical and Cultural Heritage Protection 3. 1 Research Status of Historical and Cultural Heritage Protection in China The research of historical and cultural heritage protection in China started late. The concept of "holistic protection" was first put forward by Mr. Liang Sicheng, and domestic scholars have made some research progress in recent years. Liu Hongying and Wang Jianmin discussed the problems existing in the protection of cultural heritage from the legal point of view. From the perspectives of history, aesthetics, art and philosophy, Tao Wei analyzed the main problems and contradictions in the sustainable development of historical and cultural heritage sites in China, and put forward solutions. From the perspective of enhancing the sustainable development ability of historical and cultural heritage, Wei Xiaoan and others expounded that developing cultural heritage as a market resource is the most favorable choice for economic development. Zheng, on the other hand, believes that historical and cultural heritage cannot be equated with general resources, and its development and utilization must be measured, and if necessary, an "entry threshold" can be set. Since 1990s, China has begun to introduce the concept of risk management in the field of cultural heritage protection, but the theoretical methods need to be improved, mainly drawing on international management measures. 3.2 Research on the Protection of World Historical and Cultural Heritage The idea of historical and cultural heritage protection and risk prevention sprouted earlier in the world and was first put forward by Italian Brandi. In his book "On the Restoration of Cultural Relics", he said: "The so-called restoration is a kind of behavior and treatment to maintain the material deficiency of an article and ensure its cultural value to be preserved and protected." The early concept of heritage protection is "preventive protection", which is mainly used in the field of museum cultural relics protection. International organizations and governments draw lessons from the concept of preventive protection, actively carry out specific research on how to deal with natural disasters, enrich and enrich the theoretical knowledge of preventive protection concept, and risk management theory comes into being. Since 1990s, Canada has invested a lot of energy in the field of risk management, and achieved remarkable results. Since then, international organizations have played an increasingly important role in the risk management of cultural heritage disasters, and made great contributions to the enrichment of their theories and the practical implementation of their strategies. With the continuous development of the practice of disaster risk management of cultural heritage, the theory of disaster risk management is constantly improved and enriched, and new technologies and methods are applied to it, which provides theoretical and technical support for the effective protection of cultural heritage. 4 Protection Ideas and Strategies of Honglincuo 4. 1 Overview of Honglincuo Located in Xinhu Village, Bandong Town, Minqing County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Honglincuo is the largest and best-preserved ancient residential single building found in China, and is known as the "Folk Forbidden City". Its unique architectural style and profound cultural heritage are well-known at home and abroad. The overall layout of the building is reasonable, with sufficient lighting and ventilation, perfect structure, convenient walking life and strong functionality. The fire protection system is complete, and the overall building composition is deeply influenced by geographical conditions. The environmental characteristics are skillfully used for planning and construction. At the same time, it absorbs the essence of diversity. Architectural composition pays attention to the use of points, lines and surfaces, and the color collocation is concise and clear, interspersed with density and contrast. The structure of the whole building is unique. Honglincuo arranged Sanjin main house with vertical axis. Since the gate, the Sanjin Hall has been promoted step by step, which not only embodies the philosophical thought of harmony between man and nature, but also contains the meaning of stability and harmony. Honglincuo has a long history. It was built in Qinggan Longmaoyi for 60 years (1795) and Daoguang 1823, lasting for 28 years. During 1997, the Minqing county government designated Honglincuo as a county-level cultural relics protection unit, which was opened to the public on June 1998. In 2005, Honglincuo became a cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Province. From June 22nd, 2008, Honglincuo Museum, located at the first entrance of Honglincuo, is open to visitors free of charge. The landing of Typhoon Nibert on 20 16 brought torrential rain, flash floods and mudslides, which caused serious harm to Fujian Province and affected all parts of the country. The surge of Meixi water level in Minqing caused Honglincuo to be soaked by flood for a long time, which brought a devastating blow to Honglincuo. One third of the rammed earth wall collapsed, the first entrance and the outer door collapsed, the second and third entrance walls were washed away by the flood, and more than 666 rooms 1 10 collapsed. The damage is quite serious and can be called devastating. After the rescue of rescue forces and the active self-help of local residents, the living order in Bandong Town in Minqing is gradually recovering. It is very difficult to rebuild the unrecognizable and severely damaged red forest fault, which requires a lot of money. Taihe Group donated 50 million yuan to repair the ancient residence Honglincuo, and the damaged building was repaired by 20 19. 4.2 Value Analysis of Honglincuo is the carrier of historical material culture and the witness of Chinese civilization, and its own value is irreplaceable. Honglincuo has many values, including historical value, scientific value, artistic value and social value. 4.2. 1 Historical value Historical value is the core of realizing the comprehensive function of historical and cultural heritage and the basis of embodying all values. Historical and cultural heritage is a specific product of human activities in a certain era, and it is a real historical legacy, which reflects the social life, material conditions and background of the times from many aspects. Honglincuo is rich in historical folklore, architecture, philosophy, calligraphy, feng shui and so on. It embodies the characteristics of the integration of immigrant culture and local culture in the Central Plains, highlights the cultural characteristics of southern families, and shows the pioneering spirit of folk culture. 4.2.2 Scientific Value Hong Lin Cuo _ The scientific and technological research and cultural industry development of later generations provided extremely valuable information, which condensed ancient science and technology, from which many important scientific and technological information can be collected, which can inherit the scientific research achievements of ancestors and lay a more solid foundation for more advanced science and technology. 4.2.3 Artistic Value The artistic beauty of Hong Lin CuO can enlighten people's wisdom, enhance people's moral feelings, and enhance people's national pride and self-confidence to some extent. The condensed wisdom and the standards by which ancestors judged beauty have unparalleled artistic value and can promote the development and progress of history and society. 4.2.4 Social Value Social value can be divided into educational value, spiritual value, tourism value and economic value. The social value of Honglincoo can be divided into three aspects: first, it can promote people's understanding of history and culture and enhance national cohesion; Second, it is conducive to building a beautiful social environment; Third, it is conducive to the sustainable development of tourism. 4.3 Current situation and existing problems of red forest fault protection 4.3. 1 Current situation of red forest fault recovery after disaster Red forest fault recovery faces many difficulties. Fujian Provincial Party Committee, Fujian Provincial Government, Fuzhou Municipal Party Committee and Fuzhou Municipal Government attach great importance to the restoration of Honglincuo. Taihe Group, a leading enterprise in Fujian, gave full play to its corporate social responsibility and donated 50 million yuan to restore the red forest, protect traditional culture and retain homesickness. Honglincuo Construction Team has repaired the damaged parts of the building to a high standard based on the principle of "repairing the old as before". From the tiles on the roof to the carving of the eaves, to the furnishings of the hall, to the laying of the building floor, they are all built according to the original design, raw materials, original technology and prototype, and at the same time, they are integrated into the historical culture and folk customs, and the original state of Honglincuo is restored. 4.3.2 Problems in the protection of Honglincoo 1) The awareness of protection is weak, and the ancient houses are seriously damaged. The ancient residence of Honglincuo, which has been preserved so far, has experienced more than 200 years of wind and rain. Coupled with the influence of internal residents' living activities, many building components and some buildings have been seriously damaged, which has affected the resource value and brand image of Honglincuo to some extent. Honglincuo's tourism development deviates from the characteristic cultural features of ancient dwellings, spending huge sums of money to build super-large squares, building antique buildings and antique commercial streets, blindly pursuing high tourism performance, and investing little in the restoration, renovation and daily maintenance of historical ancient buildings that really carry excellent national culture and regional culture. This behavior will undoubtedly bring greater pressure to the protection of Honglincuo ancient dwellings. 2) The phenomenon of "three winds" is serious, and the charm of ancient houses is lost. "Three Winds" refers to urbanization, commercialization and modernization. The phenomenon of "three styles" is serious in the development of Honglincuo ancient residential buildings. In front of Honglincuo, a large flat rural area was developed into an entertainment and leisure square covering an area of 30 thousand. Adjacent to Honglincuo, Honglin Ancient Commercial Street, consisting of more than 20,000 antique buildings, has mushroomed, with a total length of 350 meters. Honglincuo, which covers an area of 1.78 million, is surrounded by modern squares, and antique streets are lined with high-rise buildings. It is the largest single ancient residence in China, so small. Strong commercialization and modernization have obscured the ancient, unique and rich regional cultural characteristics of Honglincuo, and its cultural heritage is gradually declining. 3) The development level is low, and the value of ancient houses is difficult to realize. The development of Honglincuo now depends on the ancient buildings of Honglin, the antique commercial street of Honglin and Honglin Square, which cost a lot of money. The main business models are tourists' sightseeing, tour guides' explanation, antique shopping in commercial streets and mass food and entertainment activities. In the development, Honglincuo's profound and unique ancient residential culture has just been ignored, and the ancient residential culture has not been deeply excavated and developed, making the ancient residential building a shell building and a simple sightseeing product. The cultural experience of Honglincuo's ancient dwellings is simplified as sightseeing of ancient buildings and shopping in antique street, which loses the attraction of Honglincuo's specific cultural resources, fails to meet the diversified needs of tourists, and also restricts the cultural inheritance and exchange. 4) Natural disasters bring severe challenges to the protection of cultural relics. According to the information released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Disaster Reduction Committee, in the first three quarters of 20 16 years ago, there were earthquakes of magnitude above 5 1 1 times in Chinese mainland, including 2 earthquakes of magnitude above 6; * * * Six typhoons have landed in Chinese mainland, among which 1 "Nibert" is the strongest typhoon that landed in China since 1949, and the typhoon that landed in China since 20 1 1, causing the most deaths and missing persons. In addition, due to geographical location, climate and other reasons, Honglincuo is also facing the risk of damage caused by various natural disasters such as rainstorm and debris flow and their secondary disasters, which is very difficult to maintain and protect. 4.4 Protection and Prospect of Honglincuo under the Sustainable Development Strategy 4.4. 1 Protection Principles of Honglincuo under the Sustainable Development Strategy 1) Continue the cultural context. The development of Honglincuo ancient dwellings should first attach importance to protection, with protection as the starting point and destination. Protection lies not only in the material entity of ancient dwellings, but also in protecting their specific natural and social ecological environment, protecting their rich intangible cultural factors and protecting their historical authenticity. According to the different damage degree of Honglincuo building, the original appearance of Honglincuo building is restored through different ways such as repair, restoration, new construction, arrangement, demolition and relocation, and the principle of "keeping the old appearance unchanged" is followed to "prolong life" and protect its material culture. In view of the destruction of natural and social ecological environment in Honglincuo, we should dismantle fake antiques and antique buildings that are incompatible with historical features, restore their original natural and social environment as much as possible, and continue their cultural context of pioneering, frugal, family harmony and harmony between man and nature. 2) Highlight cultural characteristics. Honglincuo ancient dwellings have profound cultural heritage. In addition to the tangible culture of the building itself, the intangible culture such as national culture and regional culture it carries is more favored by people. In order to highlight the historical and cultural characteristics of Honglincuo ancient dwellings, we should avoid single tour guide explanation and simple shallow development methods such as museums and exhibition halls. It is suggested to establish a variety of interpretation information systems, including information platform inquiry, commentator's speech, multimedia broadcasting and interactive automatic interpretation system. Optimize the scene setting of Honglincuo ancient residence, and use modern sound, light and electricity technology to simulate and reproduce the life scenes of major festivals and celebrities such as birthday gifts, weddings and ancestor worship. _ Visitors can not only observe and listen to explanations, but also really participate in interaction through virtual scenes, carefully taste the characteristic culture of Honglincuo ancient dwellings, and blend the original immigrant culture with the local residents' culture. At the same time, it is suggested to open Honglincuo Ecological Museum. According to the principle of ecology, the museum as a whole should not be artificially processed, and should try to show the material and intangible culture of Honglincuo in its original ecology. Establish a complete information base of celebrities and event authorities in Honglincuo indoors, and arrange exhibitions to imitate treasures. All exhibits can be the objects of tourists' sightseeing and trial use, creating a harmonious and interactive situation and atmosphere between tourists and exhibits, and extending the leisure stay time under the premise of controlling the flow of tourists. In addition, different themes such as White House craft culture, Ming and Qing tea culture, calligraphy and painting culture, and celebrity culture of Huang can be established, and different layouts can be made in different periods to show the cultural characteristics of their southern family. 3) Enhance the development value. The development of Honglincuo ancient dwellings must change the traditional one-way information transmission mode of "you listen to me and I will show you". By revitalizing resources and experiencing in activities, static history and culture will be transformed into a series of activities that can meet the needs of tourists' participation in cultural experience, so that tourists can complete their cognition, experience and recognition of culture in the process of stimulating pleasant activities, realize the in-depth development of cultural resources and enhance the development value. We can develop and create some interactive and entertaining experience projects that conform to the cultural background of Honglincuo and reflect folk customs, such as developing characteristic cultural tourism products with strong interaction and participation, such as study tour, experience tour and discovery tour. Among them, study tour can develop painting, tea art, music, talk with ancient houses, and taste the scholarly culture of Honglincuo family and the culture of historical celebrities; On the experience trip, you can be a person in Honglincuo for one day, experience the folk customs such as offering sacrifices to gods and life, producing folk customs and wedding customs, offering sacrifices to ancestors and eating customs, and experience the folk culture of Honglincuo ancient dwellings. The discovery tour can measure geomantic omen, find the treasure bottle of the town house, guess the etiquette of entering the house, explore the three-dimensional defense system and fire protection system of the mansion, guess the role of family law and stone, and find the source of the yellow race. Visit the largest single ancient residence in China and explore the connotation of science and architectural culture. 4.4.2 Outlook of Honglincuo under the strategy of sustainable development 1) Coordinated development of protection and utilization. Protection and utilization are two effective ways to realize the comprehensive functions of historical and cultural heritage. The protection and utilization of red forest fault is a scientific, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable road. In this process, it is necessary to pay attention to rebuilding the relationship between cultural relics and people in order to realize sustainable inheritance and utilization. It can promote public participation, increase interactive experience projects such as experience tours and study tours, create a good atmosphere for * * *, promote each other and realize value creation. 2) the combination of literature and travel. Turning resources into tourism products has gradually become a way of cultural tourism. Tourism in the Heritage Museum helps the public to feel the information conveyed by the heritage not only through the historical and cultural heritage itself, but also through tourism products and cultural services, which is helpful to improve the quality of tourism. It is an important means to make cultural relics "live" by "building a tour with literature and exhibiting literature through tourism". The audience's demand for high-quality tourism culture is increasing day by day. Under the new background of the combination of cultural tourism, it is important to meet the demands of the audience and fully transform cultural relics into tourism resources, thus effectively alleviating the contradiction between the protection and utilization of Honglincuo. Under the framework of cultural tourism policy and environment, we should strengthen the construction of tourism product system, strengthen the deep integration of cultural relics protection and tourism, guide supply through market demand, activate static cultural traditional history, and create a professional, interesting and grounded museum image in cultural tourism. 3) Utilization of resources in surrounding scenic spots. Give priority to protection and rational utilization, form a "point-to-area" tourism development model, and promote the balanced development of tourism in Honglincoo and surrounding areas. The surrounding Liu Ye Temple can be combined with Honglincuo to form a fusion scenic spot and enrich tourism resources; You can also cooperate with neighboring villages to build parks to attract more people. 4) Promote the development of cultural and creative industries. Make full use of Honglincuo cultural resources and transform them into tourism products and cultural creative products in a diversified way on the premise of giving priority to protection. The deep integration of culture and cultural creation can, on the one hand, derive cultural products, on the other hand, use scientific and technological means to integrate historical and cultural resources into the popular elements absorbed at present, and develop cultural and creative products with both individuality and applicability. The development of cultural and creative products is oriented to the future, and the audience is mainly young people. We can combine the historical culture of Honglincuo with cultural and creative products, start from diversified industries, make some fresh things, provide content that keeps pace with the times and conforms to the trend of the times, and combine the cultural elements of Honglincuo with the pace of young people. 5) Strengthen the protection of ecological environment. Natural disasters and extreme climate problems are still huge hidden dangers threatening Honglincuo, so it is very important to protect the balance and stability of Honglincuo ecological environment. It is necessary to strengthen pre-disaster risk prediction and assessment, do a good job in preventing major disasters, and reduce the damage of natural disasters to cultural relics. 6) Enhance the awareness of multi-disciplinary cultural relics protection. Further strengthen the protection pattern with the government as the main body and multiple participation. The government needs to take further measures to protect cultural relics, control natural disasters and man-made destruction before they occur, and further strengthen relevant measures for post-disaster protection; At the same time, it is necessary to awaken and cultivate the local people's awareness of the protection of Honglin fault. By expanding publicity, local people can understand the scientific protection of ancient buildings, cultivate local school-age children's interest in ancient architecture culture, broaden public horizons, arouse local people's thinking and enhance their awareness of protection. Conclusion Honglincuo ancient folk houses not only have traditional cultural characteristics, but also carry unique regional culture, which is a precious historical and cultural heritage. We should abandon the idea of attaching importance to development and neglecting protection, change the shallow and low-level development mode, base ourselves on its cultural characteristics, dig deep into and highlight its cultural connotation, and improve the depth of development through a series of cultural activities. Under the guidance of the theory of sustainable development, the development of Honglincuo should first pay attention to protection, take protection as its starting point and destination, repair the old as much as possible, and continue its cultural context of pioneering and enterprising, advocating thrifty study, family harmony and harmony between man and nature. In the exhibition layout of museums, we should highlight the historical and cultural characteristics of ancient dwellings, realize the coordinated development of protection and utilization, promote the development of cultural industries through the combination of literature and tourism, radiate the surrounding scenic spots, strengthen the protection of ecological environment and enhance people's awareness of cultural relics protection. Strengthen the protection of multiple subjects and take relevant effective protection measures to enhance the protection effect of cultural heritage. Source: Protection and Sustainable Development of Historical and Cultural Heritage —— Based on the research of Honglincuo and related historical and cultural heritage