What should I do if there is an immigration tide in Shanghai?

When the Nazis persecuted Jews on a large scale, only Shanghai in the world opened its doors to Jewish refugees. But the Post deliberately avoided the reason why Shanghai opened its doors-autumn. It is precisely because of the "8- 13 Incident" in 1937 that the Japanese invaders occupied most of Shanghai and its surrounding areas, making it impossible for the China government to exercise its functions and powers. Thus, in the nearly two years from1autumn of 937 to1autumn of 939, Shanghai became the only place in the world that did not need a visa, economic guarantee or work certificate. In particular, there are not 50,000 Jews who have taken refuge in Shanghai. At that time, there were only 40,000 or 50,000 Jews in China, including expatriates and later refugees. Apart from overseas, they mainly lived in Harbin and Qingdao under the jurisdiction of the Puppet Manchukuo. The total number of Jewish refugees coming to Shanghai is about 30,000. Excluding those who went to a third country via Shanghai, there were about 25,000 Jews who actually took refuge in Shanghai.

From Hitler's anti-Semitism in 1933 to Japan's invasion of Shanghai in August/937, the total number of Jews who came to Shanghai during this period was only 1000- 1500. During this period, German Jews were persecuted, but they were not deprived of their right to life, especially because of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, the Nazi authorities once relaxed their anti-Semitism. It is particularly worth mentioning that at that time, Germany was one of only two countries in the world (the other was the Soviet Union) that generously assisted China in the War of Resistance. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek had only thirty armored soldiers who could fight against the Japanese aggressors, and his two sons were also sent to military academies in the Soviet Union and Germany to study. How can Shanghai "not know Hitler" from August 1937 to August 1939? Especially after the "Crystal Night" on1938+065438+10.9, the Nazis set off an anti-Semitic frenzy and the Jews were forced to flee in large numbers. At this time, all countries in the world restricted the entry of Jewish refugees, but Shanghai opened its doors because of the special situation after the fall, so it became a refuge for Jews. It should also be noted that it was not the intention of the Japanese occupation authorities to restrict Jews from entering Shanghai later, but the decision made by the Shanghai Jewish relief organization to apply to the Japanese occupation authorities on its own initiative after the influx of refugees overwhelmed the Shanghai concession authorities and the Jewish community.

From August 1939 to August194165438+February 8, when the Pacific War broke out, about 6-7 thousand Jewish refugees still entered Shanghai. It is particularly worth mentioning that 1 100 Polish Jews moved to Shanghai with the help of Schindler, the Japanese consul in Lithuania (who worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Puppet Manchukuo), including about 400 teachers and students from the famous Mir Jewish College, who played a special role in the Jewish community in Shanghai during their refuge. Why did the Japanese occupation authorities show mercy to the Jews in Shanghai? During World War II, there were two interesting situations. First, Nazi Germany generously assisted China in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War. It was only because China could not afford it that it turned to form an alliance with Japan. Second, the Japanese have a good impression on the Jews, and even resisted the pressure of the Nazis to slaughter Jewish refugees in Shanghai and sheltered these Jews. 1937 after the Japanese occupation of Shanghai, there was no restriction on Jewish refugees to take refuge in Shanghai, and then three refugee camps were set up to provide all kinds of help to Jewish refugees. 1938+065438+1After the "Crystal Night" on October 9, the Nazis set off an anti-Semitic frenzy. If they continue to take in Jewish refugees, it may cause dissatisfaction in Germany and make the Japanese government quite embarrassed. On February 5th, 65438, Japanese Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Minister of Mainland China, Minister of Ocean Affairs and Minister of Tibet specially held a "five-phase meeting" to discuss the policy towards Judah. Although there were differences at the meeting, they finally agreed to continue to adopt a friendly policy toward Judah. Because it is inconvenient for Japan to accept Jewish refugees, it plans to build "Jewish settlements" on the land occupied by Japan in China and encourage Jewish capital to "develop Manchuria". It is against this background that Shanghai has become a refuge for Jewish refugees.

1In June, 942, Colonel Joseph Messenger, the chief representative of the Gestapo of Nazi Germany in Japan, made a special trip to Shanghai and asked the Japanese occupation authorities to imitate the Nazis as the "final solution" to solve the Jews in Shanghai. However, the Japanese authorities refused the Nazi's request and only set up a "stateless refugee zone" in Hongkou, where about 6,543,804 stateless Jewish refugees moved in. Although the situation in refugee areas is very difficult, it can't be compared with the concentration camps built by Nazi authorities in Europe. The Japanese authorities have not harmed Jewish refugees, and religious and cultural activities can be carried out in refugee areas. Thanks to the strong support of the Jewish community in Shanghai and overseas, no major disaster occurred. Why on earth should the Japanese show mercy to the Jews? There are many reasons: First, anti-Semitism has not existed in East Asia as long as it did in Europe and America, and the Japanese have no hostility towards Jews. During the Russo-Japanese War, the American Jewish giant Schiff actively raised a loan of 20 million dollars for Japan. Emperor Meiji made an exception and invited Schiff to have lunch in the palace. Schiff became the first foreigner to be decorated by the emperor, which greatly increased the Japanese's goodwill towards Jews. Second, many Jewish refugees in Shanghai are Russian Jews. Once the "final settlement" is implemented, Japan, which is trying to maintain a state of no war with the Soviet Union, is worried that it will anger the Soviet Union. There is another very important reason. At that time, some officials and "experts on Jewish issues" in the Japanese government who advocated peace with the United States and Britain believed in the "Jewish threat theory" advocated by anti-Semitic forces in Europe and America, mistakenly believing that Jewish forces really monopolized the international economic lifeline and controlled the politics and diplomacy of the United States and Britain, so they wanted to please American Jewish "forces" through goodwill towards Jewish refugees to influence American policy toward Japan.