Which country did South Ossetia and Abkhazia originally belong to and why did they become independent?

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Questioner: xiaohua 728-the best answer for the fourth grade.

Abkhazia is located in the Republic of Georgia. Located in western Turkey. The capital of Abkhazia is Sukhumi, located in the Black Sea. Not only the climate is pleasant, but also the strategic position is important. The most important port in this area is Batumi Port. Abkhazia covers an area of 8,600 square kilometers. According to 1988, the total population of Abkhazia is 330,000. At that time, only 90,000 people lived in Abkhazia. Today, nearly 200,000 Georgians have become refugees, so most residents of Abkhazia are Abkhazians. On the other hand, Georgians are the largest minority in the region. Historically, Abkhazia was ruled by ancient Greece and Rome successively. Abkhazians embraced Christianity in the 6th century. Since Islam entered the Caucasus and the other side of the river, Abkhazians first unified with Hazare and then with Georgians. And influenced by these two nationalities. /kloc-Abkhazia was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in the middle of the 0/5th century. Influenced by Muslims, Abkhazians believe in Islam. /kloc-In the first half of the 0/9th century, the Russian Empire once again occupied Abkhazia, and the people in this area had a long-term struggle with the Russians. Thus, in the second half of the19th century, a large number of Abkhazians immigrated to Turkey. Today, Abkhazians are a minority in Turkey.

Due to Georgia's capitalist system, Abkhazia demands autonomy due to religious and linguistic differences. 192 1 year, the Soviet parliament approved the autonomy of Abkhazia. It was not until 1930 that the Georgian government officially approved Abkhazia's autonomy. In the late 1980s, with the relaxed political environment in the former Soviet Union and the differences in religion, language and culture between Abkhazia and Georgia, a separatist movement appeared in Abkhazia. Demanding independence from Georgia. This action by the Abkhaz was supported by some Russian government leaders, whose purpose was to put pressure on the Georgian government. 1989, Abkhazians demanded to leave Georgia, join Russia or become independent, and this voice became louder and louder. This requirement is mainly influenced by the empathy between Abkhazians and residents of the North Caucasus.

Georgia, on the other hand, opposes the independence of Abkhazia because of its small population, believing that this is a conspiracy planned by Russia. He also took to the streets to demonstrate against Abkhazia's independence. The Georgian protests were suppressed by the former Soviet government, but this is not the end of the problem, but the Abkhazians are armed. Thus creating an environment for the outbreak of civil war. 1990, 10, that is, ten months before the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Georgian residents voted for Georgia's independence.

199 1 year, Gamsahur Adan, a professor of oriental studies and a former fighter against * *, was elected president of Georgia. Immediately after he took office, he announced that he would not join the CIS. The riots in Abkhazia are a Russian conspiracy. As a result, Abkhazia's autonomy was also cancelled. However, Gamsakhurdia was accused of dictatorship in Georgia. As a result, a large-scale street demonstration against Gamsakhurdia broke out in Georgia. After several weeks of stubborn resistance, Gamsahurdia was forced to leave Tbilisi, went to the Chechen capital via North Ossetia, sought asylum from Chechen President dudayev, and died in Chechnya. After the fall of Gamsahurdia, Shevardnadze entered Georgian politics. To some extent, it has alleviated domestic conflicts and street fighting. However, the crisis in Abkhazia remains unresolved. The conflict in Abkhazia resulted in more than 200,000 Georgians becoming refugees. Most of them live in the buffer zone between Georgia and Abkhazia, and their situation is extremely bad. After the ceasefire between the two sides of the conflict was achieved, the negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia have been ups and downs within the framework of the United Nations Coordination Committee, with the joint efforts and mediation of the friendly group composed of Germany, France, the United States, Russia and Britain and the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and have continued to this day. Negotiations between the two sides were held in Biris, Sukhumi, Istanbul, Ukraine and Geneva. But no results have been achieved. In most peace talks, the issues discussed by both sides are secondary issues. Such as the exchange of prisoners of war, the legal status of Abkhazia and the return of refugees. Despite this, even the agreements reached between the two sides on some minor issues have not been implemented. In fact, although the central government of Georgia has announced that it will grant Abkhazia extensive autonomy, improve the legal status of Abkhazia in the national constitution and improve the economic situation in the region. However, in the past few years, Abkhazia has held parliamentary elections, independence referendum, presidential elections and local elections. All this shows that they are determined to become independent from Georgia and change their international borders.

The separatist movement is influenced by many factors, for example, the central government has not paid attention to the economic situation in this area. Historical grudges, incitement of external forces, such as the border line imposed by Russia and the former Soviet Union. In the eyes of Abkhazians, Georgians have been trying to change the demographic structure of Abkhazia for a long time, so that Abkhazians only account for 25% of the total population of the country so far. These differences have not yet been resolved. In addition, Abkhazians, as a minority, always think that their legal rights have been trampled on. Therefore, we have never been optimistic about Georgians, and we have been fighting them.

The Abkhaz dispute has brought many adverse consequences. For example, this dispute caused Georgia to lose two important port cities, Batumi and Sukhumi. This has had a negative impact on Georgia's economic mechanism. The dispute between Abkhazia and South Ossetia has led to a series of instability in the region. Many foreign investors are reluctant to invest in Georgia. However, attracting investment is something that the Georgian government can't wait.

Affected by the dispute between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, it has caused insecurity and unrest in Georgia. Therefore, the plan of Caspian energy pipeline crossing Georgia has been severely criticized. In addition, the dispute in Abkhazia has led to the increasingly serious problems of hostage-taking, crime, drug and gun smuggling in the region. This dispute is tantamount to adding fuel to the fire to the turbulent situation in Georgia's Azar Autonomous Region and Armenian residential areas. Most of the residents living in Azar are Turks. Different from Georgians in culture, language and religion. Perhaps because of this, on May 4th, 2006, Georgian President appointed Azar Administrator aslan abashidze as his special envoy to solve the crisis in Abkhazia. At the same time, the Abkhaz dispute also led Georgian opposition parties to criticize Shevardnadze's work.

Today, the crisis in Abkhazia has become more complicated. Although measures have been taken to solve this crisis, no substantive results have been achieved so far. The Georgian government believes that Abkhazia is an inalienable part of the country. However, in the past few years, the Abkhaz autonomous government has held many referendums, presidential elections and local elections, showing the world that it is unwilling to respect Georgia's territorial integrity. In all these general elections, Georgians expelled from Abkhazia did not participate. In short, the Abkhaz dispute is still at a standstill. This poses a great threat to the security of the region. However, apart from issuing several resolutions and statements, the United Nations has not taken any practical and effective action to resolve the Abkhaz dispute. What's more, the personnel of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Georgia were taken hostage, which shows that even the United Nations peacekeeping force is a clay idol crossing the river. In view of the increasingly rampant separatist activities in Sukhumi. The separatist forces in Sukhumi turned a deaf ear to the Georgian government's promise to grant Abkhazia a high degree of autonomy, which will undoubtedly complicate the situation in the region. The efforts made by Moldova's self-proclaimed republics of Karabakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria to establish military alliances illustrate this point.

Finally, it can be said that most experts on political issues believe that the settlement of the Abkhazia dispute depends on the change of relations between Russia and Georgia. Abkhazia's self-proclaimed republic leans towards Russia to a great extent, such as demanding that Russia increase the number of Russian troops stationed in the buffer zone between Georgia and Abkhazia, and opposing Russia's withdrawal of 200 1 from its military base in Abkhazia. Frequent visits by government leaders to Moscow all illustrate this problem. At the same time, Russia welcomes the meeting of representatives of the self-proclaimed republics in the region in Moscow and sends observers to monitor the general elections in Abkhazia, which shows that Russia is supporting these self-proclaimed republics explicitly or implicitly. As a tool to change Georgia's behavior. In view of the fact that after the 9 1 1 incident in the United States, Georgia's door was more open to NATO, and the United States decided to send troops to Georgia in the name of counter-terrorism, which will enable Russia to continue to adhere to its original position. The recognition of Abkhazia's independence by the Russian Duma parliament illustrates this problem. In any case, in order to promote the political and economic process in the Caucasus, especially in Georgia, all countries in the world and the United Nations must take the separatist tendencies in Abkhazia seriously. Russia should also give up its support for regional separatist forces. Georgia must also abandon the policy of inviting wolves into the house and letting NATO into the country. Only in this way can peace and stability be established in the region.

Xinhuanet Beijing165438+1October 13 (Reporter Yan) Georgia's South Ossetia Autonomous Prefecture held a presidential election on 12 and held a referendum on its independence. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia issued a statement on June 1 1 saying that the elections and referendum in South Ossetia were illegal.

South Ossetia is an autonomous prefecture of Georgia, with an area of 3,900 square kilometers and a population of about10.9 million. Mainly composed of Ossetians, Russians and Georgians. South Ossetia borders Russia's North Ossetia. From 1989, South Ossetia requested to merge with Russia's North Ossetia. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, South Ossetia Autonomous Prefecture has been seeking independence and disobeying the jurisdiction of the Georgian central government.

South Ossetia 1992 1 demands the establishment of an independent republic and its merger with North Ossetia through a referendum. Therefore, the contradiction between the central government of Georgia and the local authorities in South Ossetia has deteriorated sharply, leading to large-scale armed conflicts.

The contradiction between the central government of Georgia and the local authorities in South Ossetia has also seriously affected the relations between Russia and Georgia. For a long time, due to the close relationship between South Ossetia authorities and Russia, Georgia often accused Russia of secretly supporting South Ossetia. Russia and Georgia have been at odds on the issue of South Ossetia.

1On June 24th, 1992, the top leaders of Russia, Georgia, South Ossetia and North Ossetia held talks for the first time on the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in South Ossetia, and reached an agreement on the realization of a ceasefire, the establishment of a peacekeeping force and a supervisory committee. Subsequently, the two sides of the conflict in Georgia and Austria achieved a ceasefire. According to the agreement, Russia, Georgia, South Ossetia and North Ossetia set up a quadripartite mixed supervision committee to solve the conflict between Georgia and South Ossetia, and the mixed peacekeeping force composed of Russia, Georgia and South Ossetia is responsible for carrying out peacekeeping tasks in the conflict areas.

In July of the same year, 1500 peacekeeping troops jointly composed of Russia, Georgia and South Ossetia successively entered the Tskhinvali region of South Ossetia, and a security corridor with a length of 15 km and a width of 14 km was established along the border between South Ossetia and Georgia to isolate the armed forces of all parties to the conflict.

For more than a decade, the South Ossetian authorities have not changed their original intention, and frictions between relevant parties in this region have also occurred from time to time. So far, the Georgian central government has only controlled part of South Ossetia.