The Historical Evolution of Malaysia

Early Indian civilization ruled Malaysia. Hindu and Buddhist cultures introduced from India dominated the history of early Malaysia.

At the beginning of A.D., ZhaJie, nirvana in fire, ancient Johor and other ancient countries were established in Malay Peninsula.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, the kingdom of Manchia was unified with Malacca as the center. From 7th century to14th century, the Sambucci civilization in Sumatra reached its peak, and its influence spread to most parts of Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

Islam spread to Malaysia as early as the10th century, but it was not until the14th century and15th century, that is, shortly after the collapse of the Three Buddhas, that Islam laid a foundation in the Malay Peninsula. This region is divided into many Sultanates dominated by Islam, the most prominent of which is the Sultanate of Malacca. Islamic culture has a profound influence on Malays, but it is also influenced by Malays. The last son of the Sultan of Malacca fled to Tanbin Island at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, where he founded a new country, Sultan of Johor. After the disappearance of Malacca's rule, the Malay archipelago split into many small countries that were constantly fighting with each other, the most important of which were Aceh, Brunei, Johor and Thunderbolt. Other countries include Banten, Yogyakarta, Kedah, Selangor, Sulu and Tengjialou.

/kloc-at the end of 0/6, European businessmen discovered tin mines in northern Malaya. By exporting tin, Thunderbolt became rich and powerful. European colonial forces continued to expand in this area. Portugal controls trade with the spice-rich Moluccas. Spain occupied Manila in 157 1.

From 65438 to 0607, the Sultanate of Aceh rose and became the most powerful and richest country in the Malay Archipelago. Under the rule of iskandar Damu, the Sultanate extended its control to Sumatra and most parts of Malay Peninsula. He conquered Pahang, the tin mine producing area in Malay Peninsula, and exiled Pahang, the Sudan, to Aceh. His armada collapsed in the attack on Malacca in 1629. According to Portuguese history books, the Portuguese-Routinent Allied Forces managed to destroy all his ships and killed 19000 soldiers. But Aceh's military power was not destroyed, because Aceh conquered Kedah in the same year and moved many people from Kedah to Aceh. Sultan's nephew, iskandar Sani, was Prince Pahang and later became his successor. During the reign of iskandar Tani, Aceh focused on consolidating internal and religious unity.

During this period, the weakness of the Sultanate of Malaya created conditions for people from other regions to move into these Malay homes. Buji pirates from eastern Indonesia often attack the coastal areas of Malaya. 1699, they assassinated the last descendant of Malacca, Sultan, in Johor, and took control of Johor, while other Buji people took control of Selangor. Minangkabau in Sumatra also moved to Malaya and eventually established their own country-Sembilan. The fall of Johor left a power vacuum in the Malay Peninsula. Siam's Great City Kingdom partially filled this vacancy, turning five Malay countries in the north-Kedah, Kelantan, Pattani, Glass City and Tengjialou-into their own vassals. The fall of Johor also made Thunderbolt the leader of Sultanate of Malaya.

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, Malaya's economic importance to Europe increased rapidly. In particular, the tea trade between Britain and China has increased Malaya's demand for high-quality tin, which is used as the lining of tea boxes and has moisture-proof effect. Pepper in Malaya also enjoys a high reputation in Europe, and both Kelantan and Pahang have gold mines. The development of tin mines, gold mines and their ancillary industries led to the first influx of foreign immigrants into the Malay world, first Arabs and Indians, and then China. China people settled in towns and quickly controlled economic activities. This laid the foundation for the next 200 years in Malaya. Japan occupied this area from 1942 to 1945, and Malaya was occupied by Japan. Although the Japanese occupation was quite short, it aroused anti-colonial nationalism in Malaya and other regions. Malay nationalism aroused the opposition of Chinese. China people are afraid of Malay and Islamic rule, so many China people join the Malayan Production Party. Under the strong repression of the British army and the concession of the Malay and Chinese political leaders, the * * * production party riots were put out, and the multi-ethnic Malayan United States declared its independence in 1957.

On August 3rd,1,1963, British Singapore and North Borneo (Sabah) declared independence; on July 22nd, 1963, Sarawak declared independence; on September 6th, 16, Malaysia Federation became an equal partner with Malaya Federation. With the entry of Singapore, which is dominated by Chinese, the Chinese population in Malaysia has also continued to grow. At that time, Chinese accounted for about 42% of Malaysia's population, equivalent to Malays. Later, the concept of "Malay supremacy" became stronger and stronger. They think that Malays are the masters or privileged people of Malaysia or Malaya, while China and Indians are considered to be owed to Malays. Malay elites are also beginning to worry that Singapore, where Chinese are the majority, will weaken their majority population and dominate Malaysia's political and economic environment.

1On August 8th, 965, the ruling coalition of BN, headed by UMNO, took advantage of its parliamentary advantage and adopted a resolution to expel Singapore and Malaysia. On August 9, Singapore announced its withdrawal from Malaysia. The government's goal is "Vision 2020" to make Malaysia an advanced country in 2020. However, this leaves an unresolved question, when and how will Malaysia fully realize the political system of the first world (multi-party democracy, free media, independent judicial trial, restoration of civil and political freedom) to catch up with its economic maturity.