Who is the author of Lu Bin's Travels?

Daniel defoe (daniel defoe 1660— 173 1) is a British writer and journalist. The founder of realistic novels in the English Enlightenment period is known as "the father of English and European novels". His works are readable, and the main framework is as follows: The hero overcame difficulties through hard work, wisdom and courage, showing the social atmosphere of pursuing adventure and advocating personal struggle at that time. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, created a typical figure Robinson who struggled with difficulties.

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Among the four famous novelists in18th century, daniel defoe was the first. Robinson Crusoe, written by him, had a great influence at that time and is still a masterpiece that appeals to both refined and popular tastes. Daniel defoe, born in 1660, is known as "the father of novels". 1640, the British bourgeoisie gained political power through violence, but in the year when Defoe was born, the Stuart royal family representing the feudal reactionary forces was restored in Britain. Defoe was born in a small oil candle merchant family, belonging to the middle and lower bourgeoisie, and politically opposed the feudal rule of Stuart royal family. When Defoe was 28 years old, that is, 1688, the bourgeoisie drove out the Stuart royal family and regained power. While doing business, he engaged in political activities and wrote many pamphlets. Because some books and speeches exposed unreasonable phenomena in society at that time, he was put into prison three or four times. At 59, he wrote Robinson Crusoe. This novel is based on a true story. More than 200 years ago, selkirk, a Suge, was a sailor on an English ship. 1704 One day in September, selkirk was abandoned on an uninhabited island in ancient Latin America because of a conflict with the captain. Selkirk was in a bad mood, but he gradually got used to it. He caught goats as food, built two small houses out of wood and sheepskin, used nails as needles, and took apart broken socks for sewing. He lived on an uninhabited island for four years and four months. On February 1709, an English navigator rescued him from the island. When Selkirk returned to Scotland, he often told people about his extraordinary experiences in hotels. Later, Defoe wrote this book based on this story. After Robinson Crusoe, he wrote many novels, such as Captain singleton, Moore Flanders, Captain Jack, Rock Cha Na, London Plague, Memoirs of a Knight and so on. But he never got into the famous literati circle at that time. He was poor all his life, and had to leave home to hide from his debts before he died.

Daniel defoe (1660 ~ 173 1), a British novelist, was the founder of realistic novels during the English Enlightenment, and was known as "the father of English and European novels". Born in London. My father runs the slaughter industry and believes in Presbyterian church which is different from the state religion. Defoe's original surname was Fu, and he called himself Defoe after 1703. He has a secondary education, but he has no university education in classical literature. He has always maintained a position different from the Anglican belief, and is politically inclined to the Whigs. [1] After being a priest for many years, he realized that he was not suitable for religious life, so he chose to go into business in the sea. He traveled widely and had a successful career. During this period, he became a family and began to support his family. 1692, his business failed. Defoe, 32, is heavily in debt and has to support his wife and six children. Because of his strong interest in politics, he began to write political articles for newspapers to make a living. Because these articles often criticized the king and the ruling party, Defoe went to prison several times and stayed in prison for many years. Because of daniel defoe's political articles.

This will only bring him trouble and increase his debt, so Defoe has to turn to novel creation. 17 19, Defoe, who was nearly 60 years old, published his first novel, which later became one of the world-famous adventure novels-Robinson Crusoe. Today, more than 290 years later, this novel is still popular. Robinson Crusoe brought Defoe great success and helped him pay off some debts. After that, he wrote Moore Flanders, Colonel Jack and two other novels about Robinson, but creditors always followed him to collect debts. In the last few years of Defoe's life, he was sick and unaccompanied, creditors kept coming to him, and the children gave him up. 173 1 year, daniel defoe died at the age of 7 1 year. Just as Robinson, the hero of his novel, lived on a desert island for 28 years, he felt lonely and scared. In his early years, he was engaged in underwear, tobacco and alcohol, woolen goods, brick making and other industries, and went to mainland countries to do business. 1685 participated in the rebellion against the Catholic king led by Monmouth Duke; From 65438 to 0688, William, a Dutch Protestant, led an army to land in England and succeeded to the British throne. Defoe joined his army. 1692, he went bankrupt in business and his debts reached 17000. Later, I failed many times and had to make a living in various ways. He worked as a government agent, designed various development careers and engaged in writing at the same time. 1698 published "On Development", advocating building roads, running banks, enacting bankruptcy laws, setting up insane asylum, running fire and water insurance, collecting income tax and running girls' schools. 170 1 year, he published the satirical poem "The Real Englishman", arguing that there are no pure Englishmen, opposing the aristocratic Catholic forces and defending the foreign Protestant William III. This poem has been printed in nine editions. 1702 published a political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects", which used irony to oppose the oppression of people of different sects by the state religion. The writing is unique, I didn't see it at first. Later, he was found out, fined, imprisoned for six months and flogged three times, but he was regarded as a hero by Londoners. While in prison, he wrote an ode to the cangue (1703) imitating the ode of the Greek poet Pindaros, satirizing the injustice of the law.

1704, he ran the Review magazine for Whig leader Harry, mainly for Harry's English-Scottish joint policy daniel defoe.

Get support. After that, he traveled between England and Scotland for 1 1 year, serving as the secret agent of Harry and his successor Tory Godolphin, collecting public opinions. During this period, he was imprisoned for a short time for writing articles. But he never stopped collecting information, running newspapers and writing articles for Whig politicians. Defoe started writing novels at the age of 59. The first novel Robinson Crusoe was published in 17 19, which was very popular. It has successfully created an idealized bourgeois image and is a pioneering work in the history of European novels. A sequel was published in the same year. 1720, he wrote Robinson Crusoe. Since then, he has written four novels: Captain singleton (1720), Moore Flanders, Captain Jack (both 1722) and Roxana (1724). In addition, he also wrote biographies of cadres, such as Campbell's Biography of the Deaf (1720) and Peter the Great (1723). Several travel books at home and abroad, such as New Travel Notes around the World (1724), Four Travel Notes of Captain Roberts (1726) and A Tour of the whole Island of Britain (1724 ~ 1727, 3 volumes, tour guide nature). He also has several books on business, such as Business Encyclopedia (1726), British Business Strategy (1728) and Ways to Make London the Most Prosperous City in the World (1728). His Encyclopedia of English Gentlemen was published in 1890 after his death. His novel Robinson Crusoe is the most widely circulated and is regarded as his masterpiece. It is said that Defoe is associated with 26 magazines, and some people call him "the father of modern news reporting". His works, including a large number of political pamphlets, up to 250 kinds, meet the needs of bourgeois development and write about issues of interest and concern to the urban middle class. For example, Mrs. Will's epiphany documentary (1706) vividly reported a popular ghost story; In the plague era (1722), the great plague of London in 1665 was written, which vividly described the occurrence and spread of the plague, the terror and panic it caused, the number of deaths and the escape from the plague. At that time, the plague epidemic in Marseille, France attracted special attention, and Defoe's works satisfied the public's curiosity about plague. Defoe's Robinson Crusoe is a very popular masterpiece. 1704, Scottish sailor Selcock rebelled at sea and was thrown to a desert island off Chile. It took him five years to be saved at last. Defoe was inspired by this incident and wrote this book. Robinson did not listen to his father's advice, went out to sea to do business and sell slaves, was killed at sea, lived on a desert island for 28 years, fought against nature on the island, took in a savage on Friday, saved the captain of a mutinous ship, returned to England, and went to Brazil to run a plantation to get rich. There is also a sequel. In the second part, he revisited his hometown, pretended to be an island owner, educated the islanders, visited Brazilian plantations, and then ventured around the world, including China and Siberia. The third is moral preaching. Captain singleton tells the story of the protagonist being kidnapped as a child, becoming a pirate and venturing to Africa and the East to make a fortune. Moore? Some people think Flanders is Defoe's best novel. The protagonist is the daughter of a female thief, born in prison and adopted by a kind mayor. She seduced men, married many times and stole for a living, and was sent to Virginia, USA, to run a plantation with her ex-husband for the rest of her life. The hero of Colonel Jack became a thief, a soldier, sold to Virginia, and finally became a planter and returned to England. The protagonist of Roksana is the daughter of French Protestants. She lived in England, married a wine merchant in London, was abandoned, worked as a prostitute in England, France, the Netherlands and other places, and married a Dutch businessman. The businessman went to prison in debt, and she died in regret. Defoe's novels inherited the tradition of Spanish tramp novels in the Renaissance, and often wrote about a man of humble origin, who became rich and succeeded through wit and personal struggle. Society does not allow such a person to stand out, so he (she) has to do a series of cheating, stealing and even selling his/her body by any means. Out of Puritan morality, the author always makes his hero express regret and swear not to do bad things, but the environment repeatedly forces the hero to break his oath. Defoe has a deep understanding of the characters he describes, and he is good at writing about individuals overcoming difficulties in unfavorable environments. The hero in his works is smart and energetic. He doesn't believe in fate, but believes in "common sense". The plot structure leaves no trace. He is particularly good at describing the environment, with vivid details and fictional scenes, which makes people feel as if they are there. I can't help but be unconvinced. His language is natural and he doesn't quote classics; The story is told by the protagonist, which makes readers feel kind.

robinson crusoe

This book is the representative work of daniel defoe, one of the four famous English novelists in the 8th century. It is a milestone in Defoe's literary creation and the first realistic novel in the history of English literature. Robinson's cleverness and tenacity will have a strong shock in the hearts of all readers. Robinson was born in a respectable merchant family, eager to sail and bent on seeing something overseas. He went to sea without telling his father. On his first voyage, he was caught in a big storm and the ship sank. He managed to escape and save his life. The second time I went out to sea to do business in Africa, I made a fortune. The third time, he was unfortunately captured by the Moors and became a slave. Later, he escaped by rowing his master's boat and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship on the way. After the ship arrived in Brazil, he bought a manor there and became the owner of the manor. Not content with getting rich in this way, he went out to sea and sold slaves in Africa. On the way, the ship was attacked by a storm and all the sailors and passengers on board were killed. Only Robinson survived and drifted to an isolated island. He made a raft from the mast of the sunken ship, transported the food, clothes, guns, ammunition and tools from the ship to the shore again and again, and set up a tent on the hillside to settle down. Then he put a fence around the tent with sharpened stakes and dug a hole behind the tent to live. He made tables, chairs and other furniture with simple tools, hunted goats, turtles and seabirds for food, and drank the water from the stream, thus overcoming the initial difficulties. He started planting barley and rice on the island, making wooden mortar, pestle and sieve, processing flour and baking coarse bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and let them breed. He also makes pottery and so on to ensure his own needs. Even so, Robinson never gave up looking for a way to leave the island. He cut down a big tree and spent five or six months making a canoe, but the boat was too heavy to drag into the sea, so he had to give up all his previous efforts and build a small one himself. Robinson lived alone on the island 18 years later, one day, he found that the coast of the island was full of human bones. It turned out that a group of savages from other islands held a feast of human flesh here. Robinson was surprised. Since then, he has increased his vigilance and paid more attention to the things around him. Until the 26th year, another group of savages came to the island, ready to kill the captive. Robinson found and rescued one of them. Robinson named the rescued aborigines "Friday". From then on, "Friday" became Robinson's loyal servant and friend. Then Robinson took Friday to rescue a Spaniard and Friday's father. Soon an English ship docked near the island and found that the sailors on board had defected, kidnapped the captain and abandoned the captain and the first mate on board. Robinson and Friday helped the captain subdue the sailors and recapture the ship. He left the sailors on the island, and the captain left the desert island with Robinson on Friday and returned to England. By this time, Robinson had been away from home for 35 years. He made a fortune on a Brazilian plantation in England, got married in England and had three children. After his wife died, Robinson went out to sea for business again, passing through the desert island where he lived. At this time, the sailors and Spaniards who stayed on the island have settled down and thrived. Robinson sent new immigrants, gave them the land on the island, left them all kinds of daily necessities, and left the island contentedly.

Appreciation of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson portrayed by Defoe became a hero in the eyes of the petty bourgeoisie at that time, and was the first idealized emerging bourgeois image in western literature. Robinson was born in the middle class. His father often taught him the philosophy of contentment and told him not to go to sea. But the new world overseas lured him like an irresistible attraction. He was ambitious and determined to give up his comfortable and mediocre life and go to sea. He almost drowned on his first voyage. The third time I went to sea, I was captured by pirates. After I escaped, I made a fortune in Brazil. But he still didn't give up. On the advice of others, he set sail again and ended up stranded on the island. Twenty-eight years of isolated island life can't stop him from continuing to take risks. This adventurous enterprising spirit shows that the emerging bourgeoisie at that time was not satisfied with the status quo and wanted to explore and occupy the world. The description of Robinson's experience on a desert island in daniel defoe's story is the essence of this book. The author describes Robinson as a person who is passionate about his work. He struggled with nature with tenacious labor and showed amazing perseverance. As soon as Robinson arrived at the desert island, after overcoming the initial pessimism and despair, he immediately threw himself into the struggle to conquer nature. This infinite courage and indomitable fighting spirit make Robinson's image have great artistic charm. In this way, the author praised the enterprising spirit of the bourgeoisie in the period of primitive accumulation of capital, and emphasized personal intelligence and perseverance. Robinson is a laborer, a bourgeois and a colonist, so he has the nature of exploitation and plunder.

The purpose of his several trips to sea was to sell slaves in Africa. Robinson stubbornly fought against nature, not only for survival, but also for possession of wealth and land. When no one else appeared on the island, Robinson proudly said, "Everything here is mine." If possible, he will pass it on to future generations. When Friday's father and Spaniard were born on the island, he was full of joy about "being like a king" and "my people completely obey me". Even after returning to England, he went to "inspect" his "territory" and sublet the land on the island to new residents. Robinson's duality fully embodies the limitations of the author's own era and class. Captain singleton, Moore Flanders, Chronicle of the Great Epidemic Year, Robinson Crusoe, Ode to Slack Punishment, Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects, and French Current Affairs Review use another kind of imprisoned life to describe a certain kind of imprisoned life, and use fictional stories to tell the truth, both of which are desirable. Early transactions between parents and children are by no means ineffective labor. Although in some years, the educated seem to be in a state of deep sleep and have not seen the effect; However, one day, I will see great benefits. The fear of danger is ten thousand times more terrible than the danger itself.