The Formation and Development of Ningxia Dialect

The origin of Ningxia dialect is closely related to the humanities, geography, historical evolution and the migration of Han nationality and other ethnic minorities in our region. The paleolithic human cultural heritage in Shuidonggou, Ningxia shows that people lived in Ningxia about 30 thousand years ago. Northern Qiang and Zhou Xun lived in Yin and Shang Dynasties, and Xirong and Xiongnu lived in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period. Later, the State of Qin merged with the six countries, and Meng Tian moved the Han people in, where water conservancy was built and cultivated land was reclaimed, which laid the foundation for agricultural development in Ningxia Plain.

Han inherited the Qin system, and while fighting against the Xiongnu's territorial expansion, in order to reduce the labor of transporting grain and grass for the border guards, he further promoted the system of wasteland reclamation. With the implementation and development of the policy of reclaiming farmland and consolidating borders, the Han Dynasty further opened canals to divert water and moved into the Han population. According to historical records, "cultivating the people and ploughing the fields" and "moving the poor in Kanto to Longxi, Beidi (Ningxia belongs to Beidi County in Han Dynasty), Hexi and Shang Jun", later the population of Xinqin in the south of Shuofang was more than 700,000. So the Han nationality gradually became the main body of Ningxia's population. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty moved 20,000 households to Liziyuan in Ningxia, and then transferred 30,000 troops from Jiangnan to Lingzhou, which carried out large-scale development of Hedong area in Ningxia. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, irrigation and water conservancy in Ningxia was overhauled, and agriculture developed rapidly. In the Song Dynasty, the Tangut established the Xixia Kingdom here. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the government ordered Xixia exiles to return to Ningxia, and mobilized the southern soldiers and civilians who belonged to the Yuan Dynasty to station fields in Ningxia and immigrate to Ningxia from Ezhou and Suizhou in Hubei. /kloc-At the beginning of the third century, when Mongolia was on the Western Expedition, people of all ethnic groups in Central Asia who believed in Islam were moved to the northwest by Mongolian conquerors in droves, which was later called "Hui". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court was unable to control the border defense, so it moved the residents of Ningxia Fu, Lingzhou and Mingsha to Guanzhong, and those who stayed were stationed in the army and settled the fields until the year of relic of an emissary, and then moved to the "five-party people's reality". Later, "Qilu Yanjin was a people's reality at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, while wuyue was the majority, so it was natural to leave the river."