Recording of a recitation of classical Chinese essay "The Silent Man Yu Guoye"

1. When a few people read aloud to the country, how to divide the rhythm of ancient Chinese reading?

King Hui of Liang said: "A few people read to the country, and they only do their best. If there is bad luck in Hanoi, then / Move their people / to the east of the river, and move their millet / to the river; the same is true of the evil in the east of the river. The government of / the neighboring countries is not as good as the intentions of the few. The people of the neighboring countries / do not add less, and the people of the poor / do not Jiado, why?

Mencius said: "The king is warlike, please use the metaphor of war." After filling in the drums, the weapon was received, and the armor was abandoned and the soldiers were dragged away. Either/stop after a hundred steps, or/stop after fifty steps. If you take fifty steps and laugh at a hundred steps, what's the point? Said: "No, straight / not a hundred paces, this is also walking." "If the king knows this," he said, "there will be more hopeless people than in the neighboring countries." If it is not contrary to the farming season, the grain cannot be eaten; if a few grains of grain are not brought into the lake, the fish and turtles cannot be eaten; if the ax and catty are brought into the forest at the right time, the wood cannot be used. Grain, fish and turtles cannot be eaten, and wood cannot be used. This is how people can maintain their health and die without regret. Maintaining one's health and losing one's life without regrets is the beginning of the king's way. A five-acre house with mulberry trees can be used to clothe the house if it is fifty years old. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs have not lost their season. Those who are seventy years old can eat meat. Don't take away a hundred acres of farmland at that time. A family of several people can live without hunger. I will respect the teachings of Xiangxu and apply the righteousness of filial piety and brotherhood to the white ones. They will live up to the road. Seventy-year-olds wear silk and eat meat, and the people are neither hungry nor cold. However, those who are not kings do not exist. If a dog eats human food without knowing how to check it, if it is smeared with starving worms without knowing how to eat it, if a person dies, he will say: "It is not me, it is Sui." ’ How is this different from stabbing someone and killing them, saying, ‘It’s not me, it’s a soldier’? When the king is innocent, the people of the world are here. ” 2. How to explain the structural characteristics and metaphor theory of paragraphs 5 to 7 of "A Few People Are Concerning the Country" in high school Chinese language

Teaching objectives of the lesson plan of "A Few People Are Concerning the Country": 1. Learn to understand Mencius' benevolent government Thoughts.

2. Be able to summarize the meanings of the polysemous words "Shu, Fa, Zhi, Bing, Sheng" and master "or...or...", "Zhi...er, yes...ye" "How different from..." are the characteristics of several sentence patterns. 3. Recite the text based on familiarity with the text.

Teaching focus: induction of polysemous words and understanding of Mencius's thoughts on benevolent government. Teaching difficulties: in the text Understanding the metaphor of "taking fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps"

Class schedule: Arrange 3 classes for the first class. Teaching points: Introduction to Mencius and Mencius' thoughts, and familiarity with the text. 1. Introduction Mencius's "The right time is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people." "If you have the right, you will get many help, but if you are wrong, you will have few help." It has become a famous aphorism widely quoted by later generations. Today we will study another article by Mencius that shows his benevolent government. The ideological article "A Few People Are in a Country"

2. Introduction to Mencius’ life and thoughts. Students can understand it by combining the notes ① and the introduction about Mencius after the text. 3. Read the text 1. First. The students are asked to listen carefully and read the text carefully, paying attention to the pronunciation and writing of some words.

The second time, the students read the text carefully along with the recording.

3. The teacher shows the projected content to check the students' mastery of the words. 4. Write the corresponding Chinese characters according to the Chinese pinyin, and add punctuated phonetic notations to indicate the characters.

(1 ) abandoned armor drag () soldiers (2) Tu () hungry piǎo () (3) chickens and dolphins () dogs and pigs () livestock () (4) count () 生 () do not enter wū () pool (5) ）No () lose the right time (6) Respect the teachings of Xiang () Xu (7) Award () The white person will live up to the road (8) Shen Zhi with the meaning of filial piety tì () Answer: (1) yè ( 2) Tutútongjiazi, the same as "路" 莩 (3) tún zhì xù (4) cù gǔ洿 (5) No wútongjiazi, the same as "无" (6) xiáng (7) bāntongjiazi, the same as " "Spot" (8) 4. Students read the text aloud individually to understand the meaning of the text.

4. Assign homework to read the text thoroughly and recite the text. The teaching points of the second lesson: clarify the ideas, recite the text, and the teacher appropriately Make reading prompts.

1. Check students’ familiarity with the text. 2. Guide students to clarify their ideas, recite the text, and make reading prompts to ask: What issue is the discussion about this conversation? The people will not increase. "Question: Before raising the question "There are not as many people as there are people", King Hui of Liang first boasted (student replied) "A few people are dedicated to the country, and they are dedicated to their country. "

Why is it said to be "all heart and ears"? What is the specific method? It is clear: "If there is bad luck in Hanoi, move the people to the east of the river and move the millet to the east of the river; the same goes for the bad luck in the east of the river." "Question: How does King Hui of Liang feel about comparing with his neighboring countries? Clearly: "If you look at the policies of your neighboring countries, you won't be able to compare them with the intentions of a few people.

"Question: So what kind of questions did King Hui of Liang have? Clarity: (Students closed the text to answer) "If the people of neighboring countries do not increase the number, and the people of the few do not increase the number, why not increase it? ? "The teacher read this paragraph back, and the students read and recited it. The teacher gave some background tips: During the Warring States Period, the rulers of various vassal states competed for cities and territories with foreign countries and attacked each other; they were cruelly exploited at home, and the labor was heavy, which destroyed productivity and caused In addition to the lack of soldiers and labor, this is a very prominent problem.

Competing for manpower has become a top priority for the rulers of the vassal states. Of course, King Hui of Liang would raise the question of "not increasing the number of people."

Question: How did Mencius analyze this question about King Hui of Liang? It is clear: He made full use of King Hui of Liang's desire to compete for manpower to promote the idea of ??"benevolent government". Question: How did Mencius explain that King Hui of Liang’s immigration and millet measures were “not essentially different from those of neighboring countries?” Clarity: Mencius did not directly answer the question of “the people will not increase in number”, but used an example familiar to King Hui of Liang as a metaphor. .

Question: How do you understand the metaphor of "fifty steps and a hundred steps"? Clarity: Mencius answered the question of "not increasing the number of people" by setting up a metaphor - setting a trap. Comparatively, it’s just “fifty steps and a hundred steps”, which are essentially the same.

It shows that King Hui of Liang is not much better than other kings. Teachers read this paragraph and students read and recite it. /p>

After finding the cause of the problem, the article naturally transitions to the third part - the fundamental measures to "increase the number of people", which is also the specific content of Mencius's "benevolent government" thought. Question: His "benevolent government" thought. What is the specific content? How many aspects does it include? Clarify: two aspects: one is the principle of "the beginning of the king's way", and the other is the principle of "the success of the king's way".

Question: How can it be done? "The Beginning of the King's Way"? It is clear: "If it does not violate the farming season, the grain will not be eaten. If a few grains of grain are not allowed to enter the pond, the fish and turtles will not be able to eat.

The ax and the catty are eaten into the mountains and forests, and the wood is useless. "Question: After taking these measures to rationally develop production, what is the effect? ??Ask students to find and draw parallel sentences, read them individually, and answer in a book.

Clarity: Mencius used four Comparative sentences: "A house of five acres.

Those who are awarded white will live up to the road. "The first three groups of comparisons are Mencius's ideas of nourishing the people, and the latter group are the ideas of educating the people.

In this way, in these four groups of parallelisms, the author elaborates his own ideas layer by layer and renders them vividly. , showing a bright prospect for King Liang Hui, and it is logical to conclude that "there is no king," that is, "the king's way has been achieved"

Question: It is reasonable. Measures also need to have a reasonable attitude. How did Mencius criticize the rulers at that time for not caring about the lives of the people? He made it clear: "Dogs eat people and don't know how to do it."

The people of the world are here. ”

This paragraph is a negative proof of the attitude that should lead to more people. Question: What method of reasoning is used in this paragraph? It is not clear that dogs eat human food and are smeared with hunger. The blame is on Nian Cheng. It is not clear: Compare and contrast the picture of "hungry" on the picture, which is a metaphor for stabbing and killing, and blaming it on the weapon. 3. The teacher guides the students to review the contents of this section, summarize the characteristics of the writing of this article, and guide the students to recite 1. Rigorous structure: the people do not add more questions; the people do not add more questions; There are many reasons; Minjiaduo’s measures 2. Make good use of metaphors (students can recite parts related to any metaphor) 3. Be energetic (students recite parallel sentences) Students read (memorize) the text together

<. p> 4. Assign homework to read the text thoroughly.

Third lesson teaching points: summarize classical Chinese knowledge, do after-class exercises, conduct reading training, and summarize the full text. Text.

2. Classify and summarize classical Chinese knowledge 1. Use the parts of speech to find the one with the same usage in the following punctuated words and examples. Example: I respect the position of Lord Chang'an (1) The trees are planted with mulberry trees ( 2) Can wear silk (3) But he is not a king (4) The king is innocent (5) Once he comes, he will be safe 2. Sentence pattern Find the following sentence pattern, translate it into modern Chinese, and master its usage

(1) Or... or... (2) Straight... ear, it is... also (. 3. The recitation time is about two minutes of ancient Chinese prose, famous articles, and poems

1. Rain Linling (Liu Yong)

It's late in the pavilion, and the showers are beginning to stop.

There is no trace of drinking in the Dumen tent, and the orchid boat is urging me to leave. p>

Holding hands and looking at each other with tears in their eyes, they were speechless.

Thinking about it, thousands of miles away, the sky is covered with mist.

It is even more embarrassing to say goodbye since ancient times. , The Qingqiu Festival is neglected.

Where to wake up tonight, the willow bank, the dawn wind and the moon.

This time, it should be a good time.

Even if there are thousands of customs, who can tell them?

2. Nostalgic for the past at Chibi (Su Shi)

As the river goes east, the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages are on the west side. , Humanity is like the Three Kingdoms Zhou Lang. The rocks are piercing the sky, the waves are crashing on the shore, and the mountains and rivers are picturesque.

I think back to the time when Gong Jin was married for the first time. , majestic and handsome. The feather fan and silk scarf disappear in the chat and laughter. My hometown is wandering, and I should laugh at me early. Life is like a dream, and the moon is full of rivers.

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He was so angry that the rain stopped while he was leaning on the railing.

He looked up to the sky and roared with great enthusiasm.

Thirty years of fame and dust.

p>

Eight thousand miles of clouds and moons

Don’t wait for the young man’s head to turn gray, empty and sad

Jingkang is still ashamed;

The hatred of the ministers, when will it be destroyed?

Driving a long chariot to break through the gap in Helan Mountain.

Zhuangzhi eats Hun meat when hungry,

laughs and talks about drinking Hun blood when he is thirsty.

Waiting to clean up the old mountains and rivers from scratch, facing the sky.

4. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi for accepting advice

Zou Ji built more than eight feet, and his appearance was beautiful. He looked into the mirror and said to his wife, "Who is more beautiful than Mr. Xu in the north of the city?" His wife said, "You are so beautiful, how can Mr. Xu be as beautiful as you!" Mr. Xu in the north of the city is also the most beautiful in Qi. Ji was not confident, so he asked his concubine again: "Who is more beautiful between me and Mr. Xu?" The concubine said: "How can Mr. Xu be as good as you!" One day, a guest came from outside and sat down to talk with him. He asked the guest: "I and Mr. Xu are more beautiful." "Who is more beautiful?" The guest said, "Mr. Xu is not as beautiful as you!" Tomorrow, Gong Xu will come. Whoever looks at it thinks that he is not as good as he is; when he looks into the mirror and sees himself, he feels that he is not as good as he is far away. When I went to bed at night, I thought about it and said: "When my wife beautifies me, she is selfish; when my concubine beautifies me, she is afraid of me; when the guest beautifies me, she wants something from me."

So he entered the court to show his authority. The king said: "I am sincere and know that I am not as beautiful as Duke Xu. My wife is a secret servant, my concubines are afraid of me, and my guests want to ask for anything from me. They all think that I am more beautiful than Duke Xu. Today, Qi is thousands of miles away, with one hundred and twenty cities, and the palace wives Everyone on the left and right is selfish about the king; everyone in the court is afraid of the king; everyone in the four realms is looking for the king. From this point of view, the king is very ignorant! Officials and civilians, those who can criticize others for their faults will receive high rewards; those who can write letters to admonish others will receive middle rewards; those who can defame others and listen to others' ears will receive lower rewards."

The first order. Downstairs, all the ministers came to give advice, and the court was like a city. Months later, time progressed. After the period of time, although I want to speak, I can't make any progress. Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei heard about it and all came to Qi. This is the so-called victory over the imperial court

5. Spring River Flower Moon Night (Zhang Ruoxu, Tang Dynasty)

The tide of the Spring River reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide. The twinkling waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moon on the spring river! The river flows around the meadow, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests like snowflakes;

Frost is flying in the sky, and the white sand on the terrace is invisible. The river and the sky were completely dustless, and there was only a solitary moon in the bright sky. Who by the river sees the moon for the first time? When did Jiang Yue shine on people?

Life is endless from generation to generation, and the moon and river look alike every year. I don’t know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending water. The white clouds are slowly disappearing, and the green maple pond is full of sorrow.

Whose family is cheating tonight? Where do I miss Mingyue Tower? The poor moon wanders upstairs and should be seen in the dressing mirror. The Yuhu curtain cannot be rolled away, and the fingers on the anvil of clothes are still coming back.

At this time, we are looking at each other but not hearing each other, and I hope that the moonlight will shine on you. The swans fly long and fast, and the fishes and dragons dive and jump into the water. Last night, I dreamed of falling flowers in the pond, but it was a pity that I didn’t return home in the middle of spring.

The spring water in the river is gone, and the moon has set in the west again. The slanting moon hides the sea fog, and the Jieshi and Xiaoxiang roads are endless. I don’t know how many people are returning by the moon. The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love.

6. Jianjia (The Book of Songs·Qin Feng)

Jianjia is green, and the white dew is frost. The so-called beauty is on the water side.

If you follow it for backtracking, the road is long and blocked; if you follow it for backtracking, you will find it in the middle of the water.

The leaves are luxuriant and the white dew is not yet clear. The so-called beauty is on the water.

Follow it back and forth, but the road is blocked and you can advance. If you go back and swim from it, you will feel like you are swimming in the water.

The jianjia is collected, and the white dew has not stopped. The so-called beauty is in the water.

Follow it back, but the road is blocked and to the right. If you travel back from it, you will find it in the water.

When reading these ancient texts and poems, you must first understand their author's writing background and the central idea of ??the poem, and understand the artistic conception of the article.

Secondly, when reading, pay attention to the pronunciation of words and sentence fragmentation. When reading, read slowly. You can match it with appropriate background music, such as Guzheng music "High Mountains and Flowing Waters", etc.

Third, pay attention to adding emotion when reading. For example, some expressions, actions, gestures, etc.

You can find a friend to help you practice and see if you feel like you are actually there after reciting. 4. Mencius’ classic recitation and translation of the classic text to stop war

Original text King Hui of Liang said: "I am a man of the country, and I only have my heart and ears.

If there is evil in Hanoi, move the people there. To the east of the river, move the millet to the river; the same is true to the east of the river. The government of the neighboring countries is not as good as the intentions of the few.

If the people of the neighboring countries do not increase, there is no need to increase the number of the people. ?" Mencius said: "The king likes to fight, please use the metaphor of war. After receiving the weapon, he abandons his armor and drags his troops away.

Maybe he will stop after a hundred steps. "If you take fifty steps and then stop, what's the point?" He said, "No! If you don't take a hundred steps straight, you can't do it."

Said: "The king knows this." , then there is no hope that the number of people will be greater than that of neighboring countries. If the farming season is not violated, the grain will not be enough to eat; if the number of grains does not enter the pond, the fish and turtles will not be able to eat. , the wood cannot be used enough.

The grain, fish and turtles cannot be eaten, and the wood cannot be used. .

A five-acre house with mulberry trees can be used to clothe chickens, dolphins, dogs and pigs (xù) if they are fifty. You can eat meat.

Don’t take away a hundred acres of land, and a family of several people will not be hungry. I will follow the teachings of Xiangxu and apply the meaning of filial piety and brotherhood. The white man is worthy of being on the road. The seventy-year-old man wears silk and eats meat, and the people are neither hungry nor cold. However, there is no one who is not king (wàng) (king).

If a dog eats human food without knowing how to check it, if it is smeared with starving worms (piǎo) but does not know how to eat it, if a person dies, he will say: "It is not me, it is Sui." ’ How is this different from stabbing someone and killing them, saying: ‘It’s not me, it’s a soldier? ’ When the king was innocent, all the people in the world were here. "

Translation King Hui of Liang said: "I am devoted to my country! When there was a famine to the north of the Yellow River, the people there were moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east of the Yellow River was transported to the north of the Yellow River. The same thing happened to the east of the Yellow River when there was a famine. I observed that the monarchs of neighboring countries were conducting political affairs, but none of them was as careful as I was.

But the people of neighboring countries are not fewer, and my people are not more. Why? Mencius replied: "Your Majesty likes to fight. Please allow me to use the metaphor of war." They marched with drums beating, the blades of their weapons clashing, throwing away their armor and dragging their weapons away.

Some people stopped after running a hundred steps, and some people stopped after running fifty steps. What do you think (what do you think) when you laugh at others for running a hundred steps because you only ran fifty steps? King Hui said, "No."

It’s just that you didn’t run away to a hundred steps. This is still running away! Mencius said: "If you understand this truth, you don't have to expect that the people of your country will be more than those of your neighboring countries." ""If we don't violate the farming season, we won't be able to finish the food (this sentence means that people should not be allowed to serve the public during the busy farming season).

If the dense net is not used to catch fish in the pond, the fish and turtles will not be eaten. (In ancient times, it was stipulated that meshes with a mesh size of less than four inches [now more than two inches and seven minutes] are dense nets, and it is prohibited to enter the pond. fishing within). If trees are cut down according to the season (meaning when the vegetation falls, the growing season is over), the wood will not be used up.

There is endless food, fish and turtles to eat, and there is endless wood to use up. This makes the people have no dissatisfaction with feeding the living and burying the dead. The people are not dissatisfied with feeding the living and burying the dead. This is the beginning of the kingly way.

"If you plant mulberry trees next to a five-acre residential field, a fifty-year-old man can wear silk clothes. Livestock farming Chickens, pigs, dogs and other poultry and livestock (dolphins: small pigs.

Pigs: large pigs), don’t miss the breeding season, and people in their seventies can eat meat from a hundred acres of cultivated land. , don’t delay its production season, and families with several people will not go hungry (number: several)

Establish school education seriously and teach the principles of filial piety and respect for elders. Repeatedly tell the people (Xiangxu: school, called Xu in the Shang (Yin) Dynasty, Xiang in the Zhou Dynasty), and the gray-haired old man will not be able to carry things on his back or carry things on his shoulders. People in their seventies can wear them. It is unprecedented for ordinary people to be able to reach such a level without being able to unify the world and become a king.

"Pigs and dogs eat the food that people eat." , (the nobles) did not stop them, and there were people starving to death on the road (the government) did not know to open the granaries to help the victims. When the people died, they said: "'This is not my fault, it is caused by poor youth. . 'What is the difference between this statement and stabbing someone with a knife to kill, but then saying, 'It was not me who killed the person, but the weapon'? People from the country) will come to submit.

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