A brief introduction to Dutch history

1 The Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederland) is called "Netherlands" because its Dutch province is the most famous. It is a constitutional monarchy compound country composed of four countries: the Netherlands, Aruba, Cura? ao and Dutch Saint Martin, and it is a sovereign country with the Netherlands as the core. The power of the Royal Dutch Government is limited to national defense, diplomacy, nationality and extradition. In addition to the above powers, all the constituent countries have complete autonomy and autonomy.

2. Holland is a world-famous low-lying country. With a total land area of 4 1864 square kilometers, it is located in the northwest of Europe and is the starting point of the famous Eurasian continental bridge in Europe, bordering Germany and Belgium. It is also a founding member of the European Union and NATO, and a member of international organizations such as the Schengen Convention, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

3./kloc-in the 0/7th century, the Netherlands was the most powerful maritime hegemon in the world at that time, and was once known as a sea coachman. Holland has 12 provinces and 443 towns. The capital is located in Amsterdam, but its central government, the king's residence, all government agencies and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague.

The Netherlands is a highly developed capitalist country, famous for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and tolerant social atmosphere, and its laws on drugs, sex trade and abortion are the most liberal in the world. The Netherlands is the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia.

5. In ancient Rome, the area on the south bank of the Rhine belonged first to the Belgian Gaul province and later to the Germanic province. There are many Germanic tribes living in the north and Gauls living in the south. These Gauls also merged with many Germanic tribes during the immigration period. Among them, the Franks of Salem moved from here to Gaul, established a powerful Morovian dynasty in the fifth century, and later developed into Charlemagne Empire.

6. In the Middle Ages, it was the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, because of the complicated royal marriage, they were unified under the Habsburg dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire.

7. 1463 officially became a country, and 16 century ago was in a state of feudal regime for a long time.

8./kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, it was ruled by Spain.

9. 1556, Emperor Carl V (reigned 15 19- 1556) abdicated, ceded Spain and the lowlands (commonly known as the Northern Province) to his son Philip II, and ceded Austria and the Habsburg Orthodox Church to his brother Ferdinand I, thus.

10 and 1568, because of resisting the centralization of the Spanish king and persecuting Protestant Calvinists, an 80-year anti-Spanish war broke out in the northern province.

1 1, 1579, seven northern provinces (regions of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) established the Utrecht Union, which was regarded as the beginning of modern Holland.

12, 158 1 On July 26th, 2008, representatives of various uprising cities in the Netherlands solemnly announced in The Hague: the sovereignty of the Spanish king over the Dutch provinces was abolished, the Union officially declared its independence, and the Netherlands * * * Republic (officially called the United Republic of the Netherlands * * * Republic) was established. The war continued until 1648, when King Philip IV of Spain signed the Treaty of Mü nster, recognizing the unification of seven lowlands and seven provinces of the Netherlands with the Republic.

13, 1588, seven provinces united, announcing the establishment of the Dutch Union Province * * * and the Republic. This is an unprecedented country in human history. Many historians say that it was the first country in the world to "give the merchant class full political rights".

14. After gaining independence from Spain, the Netherlands developed into a maritime and trade power in the17th century. The number of merchant ships in the Netherlands exceeds the total number of merchant ships in all European countries and is called "sea coachman". The Netherlands has established colonies and trade strongholds all over the world. This period is called the "golden age" of Holland.

15 and 1602, under the leadership of * * * and Oden Barnvelt, Speaker of the National Assembly, Dutch and East India companies were established one after another.

16 and 1648, Spain officially recognized the independence of the Netherlands. The Netherlands reached the peak of commercial prosperity and became a maritime colonial power in the17th century, becoming the largest colonial country in the world after Spain.

17 and 1656, the Dutch delegation arrived in Beijing.

By the middle of 18 and 17 century, the global commercial hegemony of Holland, Holland and China had been firmly established. At this time, the Dutch East India Company has 65,438+05,000 branches, accounting for half of the total world trade. More than 65,438+00,000 merchant ships flying the Dutch tricolor flag cruised on the five oceans of the world: at that time, there were 20,000 ships in the world and 654,380+0.5 million in the Netherlands. More than Britain, France and Germany combined.

19 1688 In September, a huge fleet set sail from Amsterdam Port. These ships carried William III, the supreme consul of the Netherlands, and 20,000 Dutch soldiers. The British Parliament invited William III to protect the "religious freedom and property" of British nationals.

At the end of the 20th century17th century, the Netherlands went to war with Britain and France, lost to Britain at sea (Anglo-Dutch War) and lost to France on land (Franco-Dutch War), thus declining.

2 1, 1795, the Netherlands was occupied by France, the Dutch Republic of * * * perished, and the puppet government of the first French Republic of * * *-Batavia was established.

After the 22nd century and18th century, the Dutch colonial system gradually disintegrated.

23, 1806, Napoleon's brother louis bonaparte became king and Holland became a kingdom.

24. It was merged into France on 18 10.

25. 18 14, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg established the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1830 Belgium became independent from the Netherlands).

26, 1848 became a constitutional monarchy. Remained neutral during the First World War. Declared neutrality at the beginning of World War II.

27. 1940 was occupied by the Germans in May, and the royal family and government moved to Britain to establish a government in exile.

28. 1945 restored independence, abandoned the policy of neutrality after the war and joined NATO, Europe and later the European Union.

29. 1954 12, 15. The Netherlands adopted the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (HetStatuut), which enabled the former colonies and dependencies of the Netherlands to enjoy the same status in the kingdom as the mainland of the Netherlands. Since then, the Kingdom of the Netherlands refers to the kingdom composed of the Netherlands and its former colonies, and "Netherlands" refers to the Netherlands in continental Europe. At present, the Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of three parts, namely, the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

30. On 22 October, 2006/KLOC-0, the second parliamentary election was held in the Netherlands. Among the 150 seats, the Dutch Christian Democratic Union won 4 1 seat, the Dutch Labor Party won 32 seats, the Socialist Party won 26 seats, and the Liberal Democratic People's Party won 22 seats. On February 22, 2007, the new Council of Ministers was sworn in, consisting of the Christian Democratic Union, the Labour Party and the Christian Union, with Jan Peter Balkenende as the Prime Minister.

On March 28th, 2005, the Netherlands joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.