The Historical Origin of Yulin Xiaoqu

The formation and development of Yulin Xiaoqu has its profound social and historical background.

Yulin is located in the blending zone of ancient Hetao culture and Xiongnu culture. Zhao Han period. It is already the cultural center of northern Shaanxi, but the frequent migration of Qiang, Hu, Turkic and other ethnic minorities has become a battleground for military strategists, which makes the cultural form here show some unique characteristics. According to the records of Yulin prefecture, the Acropolis was established in the ninth year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1473). A large number of immigrants are impregnable Yulin has become one of the nine major towns in China, with heavy troops stationed all the year round. More and more people from other provinces come to Yulin to be officials, especially from Zhejiang, which has accounted for more than 70% of the total number of foreign officials (there is a popular saying here that it is called "south officials are blocked in the north"). The gathering of talents from all over the world has promoted the exchange and integration of various cultures. Yulin Xiaoqu is a new artistic variety produced in this situation.

According to the special article about Ming Wuzong's tour of Yulin written by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, in autumn and July of the 13th year of Zheng De (A.D. 15 18), Ming Wuzong crossed the Yellow River from Shanxi, first arrived in Fugu, Shaanxi, and then arrived in Yulin in October, where he lived in Taiyi Temple (the "Kaige Building"). There are songs, dances and sings every day. It was not until the beginning of February in the 14th year (AD 15 19) that he returned to Beijing by the original road. Before leaving, I took the daughter of Dai Qin, the company commander of Yande, as my concubine. And have a lot of fun. According to the official records of Yulin in Qing Dynasty. In the 9th year of Kangxi (AD 1670), Tan Jicong (Zizhou City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province), a native of Jiangnan, was appointed as Tongzhi of Yulin Fort. This person is very familiar with Yulin's "The Shape and Customs of Frontier fortress", and he is interested in "the choice of the eldest son is also important to the characters' art and literature" and "the characters' art and literature of soldiers, food, water conservancy, horses and military equipment should be interested in this". I like Jiangnan ditty very much. I brought my family and maid when I came to Yushu. Geisha and the musical instruments they use. In his spare time, he was often invited to entertain himself. Even when he presided over the compilation of town records, he invited artists to play and sing. Xu Zhankui, the general commander of Yulin, said in "Preface to Rebuilding Suide Town in Yan 'an": "At that time, we had a party in the eastern part of the Ministry, drinking green halls and playing silk and bamboo. Wine room. "According to the Records of Literature and Art of Yulin Prefecture, after the twelfth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1673), literature and art in Yulin City was full of music, and it was often" midnight music all over the city ",and there were often" strong flutes playing new songs and Qin Zheng playing urgent strings "on the Kaige Building. Its grand occasion can be seen. According to folklore, the soldiers guarding the castle at that time were mostly small-scale craftsmen in the city. They have a small exercise every three days and a big exercise every five days. They are both soldiers and practitioners, and have been growing for a long time. These semi-professional soldiers have also listened to many ditties. One day, an artist who played Sanxian in the imperial court died of illness, and Tan was very worried. A local soldier volunteered after hearing the news. Tan was very happy after playing the piano and playing a few minor songs. Since then, local semi-professional soldiers have also been allowed to play music in the house. It shows that the ditty in the government at that time had begun to flow into the people and became a new art form loved by the masses at that time.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China (1909- 19 14), Yulin ditty developed to a certain extent, and some folk music was absorbed and applied among the people, especially the craftsmen, so learning to sing ditty became a fashion. With the increase of artists, Xiaoqu appeared a prosperous period, and created works such as Grandpa Chen took office. During Guangxu period, scholar Wang Jishi not only collected a large number of minor tunes, but also processed and polished them. There are more than 20 newly developed tracks, such as Ten Cups of Wine, Walking into Lanfang, Dingdingkou and Moonlight Offering, and nearly 10 instrumental tracks, such as Sihehui, Your Legend and Lion Order. Yulin Xiaoqu is in the initial stage of development. Although it originated from the ditty and minor in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, once it is rooted in the soil of Yulin in northern Shaanxi, it will inevitably blend with the local language and folk music, absorb and develop, and form its own unique charm. Officials and businessmen in the south keep bringing stringed instruments and prostitutes from the south and mixing them with folk songs from the north. Over time, Yulin Xiaoqu has both the boldness of the north and the softness and sweetness of the Jiangnan water town. Some people say that this is the result of great exchanges between the North and the South and great ethnic integration.