Two Immigrants in Qin Dynasty

Chang Qu's "Huayang Guozhi" records that after the Qin Dynasty unified Bashu, it began to govern Sichuan. In terms of political measures, the Qin dynasty adopted the rule mode of combining enfeoffment system with county system. Although the three princes of Shu (Prince, Gongziyun and Gongziwan) who were enfeoffed by Qin successively died in less than 30 years, the number of Bashu and Hanzhong counties, which were established in the early Qin Dynasty, increased to 41 counties. In order to strengthen the control of Shu, another important measure taken by Qin was to establish Chengdu, Yuncheng and Linqiong cities after Xianyang. In addition, according to other documents, Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) City and Langzhong City were also built. These cities are rammed by tall city walls, with watchtowers and canopies at the top and granaries at the bottom. There are streets, houses, shops and residential areas in the city, which provides convenience for Qin to station and control the political power in Shu, and also promotes the development of salt and iron industry and agricultural economy. The Qin Dynasty felt that although officials were appointed to send troops, the control of Shu was still not at ease, so it adopted the measures of emigrating from Qin to Shu. Chang Qu's "Huayang Guozhi", Volume III, said that Qin thought that "Rong Bo was still strong, which was the turn of thousands of Qin people", which truly described this situation. According to a family of at least three, there are at least tens of thousands of Qin people who moved to Shu. Judging from the population at that time, this is by no means a small number, which shows that the Qin Dynasty had good intentions and was determined to completely integrate Shu and Qin. After the demise of the enlightened dynasty recorded in history, the grandson of Shu and his tribe scattered in southwest China, while the Anyang king of Shu led 30 thousand soldiers and their families to move south, and established the Anyang Kingdom at the intersection. Coupled with the casualties in the war, these have caused a sharp drop in the population of Sichuan. The Qin dynasty may also be in view of this, only a large number of immigrants into Shu. Chang Qu's "reality" means supplement and enrichment. From the archaeological findings, a large number of immigrant tombs have been found in the tombs of the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties excavated in various parts of Sichuan since the middle of the 20th century, which also confirmed the immigrants in the Qin Dynasty at that time. It is worth noting that after Qin destroyed the six countries, it continued to implement this immigration measure and moved a large number of rich households from the six countries to Shu. This practice not only expanded the population of Sichuan, but also weakened the influence of the six countries, which was the great cause of Qin reunification. Some of these immigrants are good at casting, and some are good at business. They brought the cast iron technology and farming methods of the Central Plains to Sichuan, which not only played a positive role in Sichuan's economic development, but also objectively accelerated the integration of regional cultures. For example, the Zhuo family recorded in Historical Records and Hanshu was the representative of immigrants from the north to Shu in Qin and Han Dynasties. Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi said: "Before Shu Zhuo's family, Zhao people also used iron to cast wealth. Qin defeated Zhao and moved Zhuo's family ... Which made him happy in Lin Qiong, that is, Tieshan cast drums, strategized and dumped the people of Yunnan and Sichuan, and became rich to thousands. The joy of hunting in Tianchi is intended for people. " He also said: "Shandong people, later moved to Shandong, but also metallurgical, Jia Zhuji people, Zhuo Jiafu, living." Zhuohedu used the abundant iron ore resources nearby to mine, smelt, cast and produce all kinds of ironware, which were exported to all parts of the country and made rich profits, becoming a rich household in Sichuan. Chang Qu's "Huayang Guozhi" also described the extravagance of these immigrants after they became rich: "Qin Huiwen and the first emperor decided on six countries, and they needed to move their heroes to Shu to enrich our land. Home has the benefits of salt and copper, and households specialize in mountains and rivers, which is enough to make people rich. As a result, industry and commerce shared, famous families dressed up and got married, and set up a kitchen meal that was too fast. The woman has a hundred taels of cars, and the funeral is bound to be high-profile. It is a mistake to sacrifice the sheep late and give gifts. The original origin, so it is also dyed in Qin. " It is precisely because "fertile land, unexpected luxury" has had a far-reaching impact on the folk customs of later generations. Although Changqu described this extravagant style truthfully, it did not appreciate it, but held a critical attitude. This also shows that Changqu is different from other historians, and many opinions are different. & lt/p & gt；