History of the Great Northern Wilderness

Great Northern Wilderness (Northeast China)

Here is the land of ice and snow, belonging to the continental monsoon climate zone of cold temperate zone. The repressed Siberian cold current lingers here for a long time, so the winter in the Great Northern Wilderness is long, cold and dry. The annual average temperature is reduced from 2.6 degrees Celsius to MINUS 3.5 degrees Celsius from south to north, and the extreme minimum temperature is MINUS 40 degrees Celsius!

Indeed, cold is the primary enemy faced by pioneers.

The Great Northern Wilderness has complex natural landforms.

Its northern part is the extraordinary Xiaoxing 'anling area. There are vast mountains, gentle hills and wide valleys. It is close to the tuyere, and it is under the rule of frost for two-thirds of the year. The maximum thickness of frozen soil is 2.5 meters. In the west, Nenjiang River in Songnen Plain runs thousands of miles from Ilhuli Mountain to the south, where it meets the Songhua River and erodes, making it flat and has a fantastic vast grassland. To its east is the Sanjiang Plain. The average elevation is only 54 meters, and the slope of one ten thousand constitutes a rare flat terrain, forming a large area of low-humidity swamp, and the floating area is unpredictable, so there is a magical legend of "ghost swamp".

The Great Northern Wilderness lies in the frontier.

Its east and north sides are bounded by Wusuli River and Heilongjiang River, facing Russia across the river. There are large rivers in this area to prevent countless streams and springs from cutting; There is ice and snow to break the road, and Chai Jing closes the road; There are swarms of poisonous insects and beasts; There are even creepy local epidemics, such as "hemorrhagic fever" and "Keshan disease", which make the Great Northern Wilderness in history extremely dangerous in legend. Nie Gannu, a famous writer at that time, sent this place down. When he witnessed this scene, he couldn't help singing:

Beauty is at the top of a dangerous peak.

The treasure must be hidden in a dangerous place.

The Great Northern Wilderness is a treasure of the motherland.

This is one of the three black soil belts in the world. The soil is fertile, and the organic matter content is mostly between 5% and 8%, and it is as high as 10% in some areas. There are abundant water resources, rivers on the surface, considerable underground reserves and abundant atmospheric precipitation, which are extremely suitable for agricultural development; There are precious mineral resources here, including coal, iron, copper, gold and oil. There are also extremely rich wildlife resources. There are tigers, bears, roes and deer in the mountains, red-crowned cranes and swans in the swamps, and mandarin fish, sturgeon, salmon and white fish in the rivers and lakes, all of which are aquatic treasures. Ginseng, Hericium erinaceus, auricularia auricula and mushrooms are also rare delicacies ... No wonder people of all dynasties are brave in danger.

The Great Northern Wilderness is not a permanent wasteland. During the Xia and Zhou Dynasties, Su Shen, an ancestor of Manchu, had frequent contacts with the Central Plains. After the Warring States Period, the Lou people here surrendered to the Qin and Han Dynasties and paid tribute every year. During the Tang and Five Dynasties, Bohai wrote a prosperous history here for more than 200 years, but it was finally strangled by Qidan.

The brave Jurchen rose in the Ashe River valley, established a powerful Jin Dynasty, wiped out Liao and Northern Song Dynasties in one fell swoop, and hundreds of developed towns appeared here. Genghis Khan's brave cavalry broke through the golden moat and swept the black water, destroying most towns in the war; During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there was land reclamation here, but it was only a flash in the pan.

In the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Manchu people entered the customs from the Dragon, and the border was empty, which gave the Russian army an opportunity. Cossack gangsters killed and set fire everywhere, plundered property, and were thousands of miles away from the border. In the 7th year of Kangxi (1668), in order to consolidate Longxing's ancestral land, the stupid Qing Dynasty ordered the abolition of reclamation and implemented a 200-year "ban" policy, prohibiting Han people from entering the Northeast. On the one hand, ethnic minorities with extremely limited population have been isolated from the outside world for a long time, resulting in poverty and backwardness, on the other hand, the border defense is weak, and later they have to cede large areas of land to strong neighbors;

During the Republic of China, bureaucrats, warlords and rich gentry competed for land, monopolized wasteland and took the opportunity to make a fortune, but the cultivated area was extremely limited;

After the "September 18th Incident", in order to speed up colonial rule, the Japanese invaders carried out armed migration to the border areas between China and the Soviet Union, concocted a huge plan to emigrate one million households and five million people within 20 years, and occupied a large number of cultivated land in Heilongjiang by forced expulsion and plunder. However, the development in the hinterland of the Great Northern Wilderness was a complete failure, and many members of the pioneering group were buried in the swamp. By 1945, the total number of Japanese pioneering groups had reached 1 13 1, and there were 300,000 immigrants from Hulin and Mishan areas. The Japanese invaders requisitioned a large number of laborers to build railways, highways and military fortresses, and tens of thousands of laborers died. During the development of the Chahayang Nuomin water conveyance project, the Japanese invaders requisitioned150,000 laborers in China, of whom 50,000 were tortured to death. Until the eve of Japan's surrender, members of its pioneering group fled in panic, or collectively committed suicide in the wilderness or burned houses, destroying machinery and water conservancy projects, resulting in a large area of land being barren.