Where is the mausoleum of the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty?

The Western Han Dynasty inherited and developed the mausoleum system of the Qin Dynasty. There is only one heavy city in the cemetery, and the mausoleum is in the middle of the cemetery, east-west The burial area is also in front of the mausoleum In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor and queen were buried together in different caves in a cemetery. Starting from Emperor Wen, the emperor and the queen each built a cemetery. When I arrived at Jingdi, a temple was built next to Wendi Baling. After that, the system of setting up a temple next to the mausoleum continued until the end of the Western Han Dynasty.

Since the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to digging graves, imperial tombs have also appeared the shape of "cutting mountains for burial". This form was also common in the tombs of some princes at that time.

By the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, great changes had taken place in the structure of tombs. The tombs of "cutting mountains for burial" are mostly horizontal points, which are divided into ear chambers, front chambers and back chambers. The vertical cave tomb is built of bricks and stones. The shape and structure completely imitate the houses, palaces and courtyards in real life. This kind of tomb acts as a coffin, so there is only a coffin in the tomb, and there is no coffin. In these tombs, most of the walls are painted with colorful murals or molded brick portraits, while in the tombs with stone structures, most of them are carved portraits. Murals have a wide range of themes, except gods, monsters and historical stories, which mainly show various life scenes of the emperor before his death.

During the Western Han Dynasty, since the reign of Emperor Gaozu, many tombs were set up in all tombs for political purposes, which were called "burial tombs", forming a large-scale tomb group. Most of the people buried with him were imperial envoys and relatives of the country at that time. According to records, Xiao He, Cao Can, Sean and other founding fathers were buried with Changling. There are famous tombs such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing. Most of the tombs of the buried people were given by the emperor, and each tomb has a cemetery, a garden city and an ancestral hall. Some people also buried their descendants next to their father's grave, forming a family cemetery. The higher the status of the buried person, the closer it is to the emperor's tomb, and the higher the enclosure. Judging from the status and identity of funerals in the Western Han Dynasty, most tombs were buried with Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty and Xuan Di. They are all important officials and celebrities of the imperial court. However, in the late Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Cheng and Emperor Ai were buried with consorts, concubines and imperial secretaries. This situation reflects the ups and downs and changes of politics in the Han Dynasty from one side.

The Han Dynasty was the most popular period in the history of China. Including treasures, funerary wares, pottery figurines, chariots and horses, grain, etc. There are all kinds of articles in front and behind.

Emperor gaozu Changling

The mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang is located on the Xianyang Plain in the north of Yaodian Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, facing south, with the endless Weihe River in the south and the majestic Jiujun Mountain in the north. Qinchuan's old road crossed the original ground. Changling is located in the south of Xianyang, commanding and magnificent, showing the majesty of feudal emperors.

Liu Bang was the first emperor in China's history who "had three feet of sword in cloth". In the Chu-Han War, he was all-powerful, "seventy wars and forty" and was seriously injured 12 times. Finally, he defeated Xiang Yu, the overlord of the place of Chu, and ascended the throne of the emperor.

In the second year after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he began to build Changling. The cemetery is modeled after Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, but the scale is slightly smaller. There are also luxurious sleeping halls and toilet halls in the cemetery. The sleeping hall is the main hall of the cemetery. The hall is decorated with the clothes of Emperor Gaozu, which is exactly what the emperor looked like when he was alive.

The tomb of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, is located on the west side of the cemetery, shaped like a bucket and rammed with earth. There is a stone tablet in front of the mausoleum, which reads "The Great-ancestor Changling Mausoleum", which was written by Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Below the mausoleum is Liu Bang's resting place. There is Lv Hou's mausoleum in the cemetery more than 200 meters east of Changling. Because the system of the Han Dynasty caused the different tombs of the Emperors, Lv Hou built a mausoleum in the east of Changling. Lu is an inverted bucket.

To the north of the cemetery is the location of Changling City, in Hanjiawan, Xianyang City. The supernatural is slightly rectangular, and the wall is rammed earth, which is long from north to south and wide from east to west. The south wall of the supernatural coincides with the side wall of the cemetery, and there is no fence building in the east. Before Liu Bang's death, he moved his surname and his family to Lingyi to serve the cemetery, with more than 50,000 accounts. In recent years, trees with double animal patterns and half tiles, a large number of stacked tiles, water pipes and production tools have been found in Changling. From the documentary records, we can see the remains of these relics and unearthed cultural relics, and get a glimpse of the bustling scenes of Cai Dong in Zhu Yan, Guangyuan in Shen Gong and Ren Xi in chariots and horses.

The tomb of Changling is in the east of the cemetery. Liu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in Poems of Changling: "Changling Gaoling is the place where Liu lived, and there are many funerals in the burial. "Among the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, Changling was the most buried tomb, and most of the heroes and nobles who followed Liu Bang's expedition to the north were buried with him after his death.

After the demise of the Western Han Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties took some protective measures for Changling. For example, the imperial edict of Wei Mingdi said, "The four sides of the Gaozu Mausoleum are abandoned, and it is not allowed to plow, graze or collect firewood." Song Taizu Gander stipulated that "five families should pay homage to the mausoleum in the Spring and Autumn Period". This makes the high-impedance Changling still stand tall in Xianyang Plain after more than two thousand years.