Tracing back to Jack's culture

In ancient times, Jack Town was a land of "southwest barbarians". Located at the junction of Yongchang (now Longyang) and Shunning (now Fengqing), it is deeply influenced by Yongchang culture and Shunning culture, forming a unique Jack culture. As far as Jack's historical changes and economic and social development are concerned, Jack has three cultures: stone culture, toast culture and immigrant culture.

Judging from a large number of stone tools, bronzes, pottery fragments and other cultural relics and sites in China, as early as 4,000 years ago, Jack was the place where people of all ethnic groups lived and multiplied. Centuries before Zhuang Ting entered Yunnan (339-329 BC), the ancestors of Jack nationalities not only made great progress, but also created their own unique prehistoric cultures, namely, stone culture and bronze culture. Jack is an important distribution center of stone culture and bronze culture in Changning area, and its geographical position belongs to the intersection of east-west communication between Lingnan, China and India-Pakistan subcontinent and the spread of ancient culture from northwest China to the south of Indo-China Peninsula ... Jack is just on both sides of the critical line. Both the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age belong to the intersection of two cultures and two ethnic groups (Gu Wu and Guyue). Stone products found in Masanlin Village, Shizhuang Village, Shuijing Village, Yingpanshan Village and Xizizhai Village in China show that the territory is the main habitat of ancient human activities in the Cook River Basin. A large number of historical relics, such as stone axes, chisels, knives, shovels, stone brooms, scrapers, knife coins, stone arrowheads, stone needles, red mud with sand grains, pottery pieces and carbonized rice, have been excavated and collected in China for at least three or four thousand years. Among them, flaky stone tools are mostly called "lightning wedge" by residents in China, which is considered to be caused by lightning hitting the ground. Some stone tools are primitive in production technology, without any traces of artificial polishing, and retain the legacy of the Paleolithic Age. It is enough to show that the site of United Stone Pile in China should be in the transitional period between Paleolithic and Neolithic in primitive society. Its cultural nature is similar to Jian 'ou, Jianyang in Fujian, Dakeng in Taiwan Province and some places in Inner Mongolia, and it belongs to relatively primitive mountain culture. At that time, China's ancestors had lived a semi-fishing and hunting and farming economic life. Primitive humans in the Cook River Basin belong to Baipu language family, South Asian language family, Mon-Burmese language family and Chiwu language family, Sino-Tibetan language family and Tibetan-Yi language family. From the Neolithic unearthed in Ma Sanlin and Yingpan Mountain of Jack Shuijing Society, it is inferred that its cultural nature is similar to "Baiyang Village" and has the same characteristics as Baiyue culture in Neolithic Age. Judging from the stone tools used in ancient human survival activities in the Cook River Basin, there have been large-scale clan villages in the Cook River Basin. At that time, the "Cook people" lived a stable life, and their economic life was mainly farming, and they entered the era of farming civilization. Judging from its cultural relics, its age belongs to the late Neolithic Age of primitive society, and its families belong to Baiyue family, Sino-Tibetan language family and Dong Shi family. This shows that in the Neolithic age, the social form of towns developed greatly and later became the sphere of influence of the ancient Ailao country.

In the age of bronze culture, cymbals were very rare and hard to see in archaeological excavations. Most of their masters are princes, Fang Bo, princesses and other military generals who hold a lot of military power. The word "Wang" in China Chinese characters evolved from the image of "Yue", which has always been a symbol of status and authority. The bronze swords and chimes unearthed in Yangliuping Cave in Xizizhai and the bronze swords and chimes unearthed in "Sanqiutian" in the Mid-Levels indicate that Jack entered the class society as early as the early Spring and Autumn Period or even earlier, and became the residence of Xiao Wang, Qu Shuai or Rebel Army in ancient times. Its residence may be the "deer town" in the legend of Jack Dai nationality. Taking the residence of the leader as the center, clan and tribal members built houses around it, focusing on farming and production. In these gathering places, a privileged class-slave owners and nobles-was formed, which was opposite to most clans. They formed an army for the needs of foreign wars and domestic military dictatorship.

In a word, in the bronze culture era, the territory was a relatively progressive area in western Yunnan, and it was an important economic, political and cultural activity center and military stronghold outside the ancient Ailao country. Its economic and cultural life is by no means a nomadic state described in Historical Records, Biography of Southwest Yi and other historical books, such as "migrating with livestock, having no power and no monarch". At that time, the Cook people were already a long-term settled farming people, whose economic life was mainly agriculture, and they were also engaged in animal husbandry and handicrafts. At that time, the agriculture and animal husbandry economy of the Cook nationality was very prosperous, and agricultural production experienced at least a thousand years of development and reached a relatively high level. Great progress has been made in animal husbandry, pottery making, carpentry, textile and weaving, and the refining and casting of bronze have reached a fairly high level. All kinds of daily necessities are complete, and people's aesthetics have also developed greatly. Political life has also developed to a higher level, with strict hierarchy and violent organizations appearing. As a relatively progressive area in western Yunnan, the territory of the Cook nationality has been in this economic and cultural state until it was conquered by the Western Han Dynasty.

In the long history, China has formed a splendid toast culture. The Tusi culture in the territory evolved from the ancient culture of Ailao country. Tusi culture is a political system culture based on Tusi system and Tusi rule, and it is a general term for the cultural system with regional and national characteristics formed in the process of Tusi rule since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Tusi culture is a culture formed and developed under the Tusi system after the ancient minorities in China entered the feudal society. It is the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by the people of all ethnic groups in China in the long-term social and historical development process, which can be divided into two categories: tangible culture and intangible culture. Tangible culture includes Tusi cultural sites, historical sites, residential buildings, costumes, food, national musical instruments, song and dance tools, religious utensils, communication gifts, craft products, daily necessities, production tools and so on. Intangible culture includes chieftain myths and legends, historical stories and proverbs, fables, music and dances, festivals, folk customs, life etiquette, religious ceremonies, customary patriarchal clan system and so on. In a word, Tusi culture is the unity of traditional culture, national culture, local culture, family culture and political culture, and it is a national traditional culture with the characteristics of pluralism, primitiveness, nativity, politics and diversity. Jack's toast culture originated from "Pu culture". "Pu people" are Baipu people. The ancestors of Wa, Bulang, De 'ang, Buyi, Lisu and other ethnic groups belong to the Monkhmer language family of South Asian language family. It is also the main ethnic group in the ancient country of Ailao. "Yunnan Mansi" records that "all people are the species of Yongchang, Fengxi, Shidian and fifteen noisy and twenty-eight villages". Among the 28 villages, Shaguo Village, Cook Village and Aslang Village belong to them. Study on the loss of earthen houses in Shaguozhai and Aslang villages. Cook Village Earth House is Jiang Lang. He was a Hijikata Chizuru resident stationed in Youdian (now in Meng Ting). His ancestor, Munsai, once served as the head of a hundred households in Guangyi House. At that time, Mang changed his surname to Jiang. Jiang Qianhu's official residence is located in Cook Village (now Xizi Village), which ruled Cook's territory for hundreds of years and formed Cook's unique toast culture. Jiang's chieftain ruled Kuqa area from Yuan Dynasty, after hundreds of years of hereditary rule. Later, the "Jiangqian Lake Temple" was deposed because the Qing government strongly promoted the policy of "returning farmland to flow". In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), the whole country swept through earthen houses, and the Tujia people of Jiang family in Kuke village were killed everywhere. The Chiang family used banana leaves to cover up and save the baby when the Chiang family was in infancy, and then fled to Cherry Mountain (now a chicken flies eight times), and then made a fortune in Cherry Mountain. Although the chieftain rule of the Chiang family in Jack ended in the Qing Dynasty, it had a far-reaching influence on Jack's culture, and many stories and legends of the "Chiang family yamen" are still circulating in China. Jiang's toast is spreading foreign culture, teaching villagers to burn bricks, smelt and cast, raise horses, build water conservancy projects and promote farming civilization.

In addition to stone culture, bronze culture and toast culture, Jack's more distinctive culture is immigrant culture. Immigrant culture is the product of the blending of local culture and foreign culture. Most of the Han people in China are immigrants. During the Han and Jin dynasties, a large number of local immigrants poured in. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), the Hanwu army crossed the Lancang River and the Cook River and invaded Ailao country. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County and 24 counties in Yunnan, among which Buwei County was located in Baoshan Jinji, the ruling center of Ailao State, and moved to Jinji from Sichuan, a descendant of Lv Buwei. At that time, the territory was under the jurisdiction of Buwei County, and today the surname Lu of Xizizhai is a descendant. In other words, there have been immigrants in China since the Han Dynasty, and most of them are descendants of soldiers guarding the border. As a result, the Han culture was introduced into China and merged with the local indigenous culture. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Han immigrants settled in China, and the Central Plains culture was widely spread in China, which led to the collision and blending of local culture and China's original text, thus forming the immigrant culture.

Before 1950, China cultural activities such as playing with dragons and lions, playing with lanterns and singing operas, and temple fairs were popular in China. Although living in frontier Shan Ye, he attached great importance to cultural and educational activities, was good at absorbing and accepting the influence of foreign cultures in Central Plains and other places, and gradually formed a representative Dalushan culture. After 1950, the people's government of Changning County immigrated from all parts of the county to develop Cookba, which once again set off the farming civilization in China and promoted the economic, social and cultural prosperity of China. During the period of 1978, Vietnam rejected China and opposed China, and a large number of overseas Chinese returned from Vietnam, which brought a unique expatriate culture to China, added a rare color to Jack's immigrant culture, and greatly enriched and developed Jack's immigrant culture.

Since the Han and Jin immigrants, the Central Plains culture has been introduced into China with the immigrants of past dynasties. The Central Plains culture has gradually formed a unique immigrant culture in China through the running-in and concise training with the local culture in China. The main characteristics of domestic immigrant culture are tolerance, generosity, self-improvement and renewal.

In the process of long-term productive labor, hardworking and kind people of all ethnic groups have created rich and colorful national and folk cultures. Folk songs, ballads, proverbs, myths, singing, lion dancing, playing lanterns, singing operas, customs, festivals, ancestor worship, worship of gods and other folk cultures have been handed down from generation to generation. Musical instrument making, garment processing, homespun textile, civil architecture and ironware making have collided with each other from generation to generation, which has written a brilliant chapter for the prosperity and development of various cultures in China.

? Culture is a social product created by human activities. National folk culture is social, epochal and class. To carry forward Jack's culture, we should not only inherit but also update it. Inheritance and continuation are neither simple retro nor blind rejection. That is, "ancient" serves the present and "foreign" serves China. Dialectical choice, pioneering and innovating, abandoning negative factors, inheriting positive thoughts, "opening the life of today's people according to the rules of the ancients", realizing the creative transformation and innovative development of Jack culture, building Jack culture that keeps pace with the times and promoting Jack's all-round economic and social progress.