Who is Huangdi? The leader of the Xiong clan is revered as the ancestor of the Chinese nation’s humanities.

The Yellow Emperor, who is revered as the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation, is a symbol of the Chinese nation, the unique blood tie of the Chinese nation, and a banner calling on the Chinese people to dedicate themselves to the motherland. In the minds of the descendants of the Chinese nation, he has been called the great god, the omnipotent creator, and the pioneer in China's transformation from the barbaric era to the civilized era. To this day, there is still the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province for people to admire.

The Yellow Emperor is the root of the dreams and pride of the descendants of Yan and Huang.

It is said that in the prehistoric era four to five thousand years ago, our country was still in a primitive society, without a country or an emperor. At that time, it was roughly equivalent to the patrilineal clan commune period or slightly earlier. There were many clans and tribes in the Yellow River Basin, Jianghuai River Basin, etc., engaged in agriculture, fishing, hunting, and animal husbandry, creating different ancient cultures. In the Yellow River Basin of our country, an outstanding leader of the tribal alliance appeared - the Yellow Emperor.

It is said that the Huangdi tribe has 25 clans and 12 phratry, and its tribe is quite large. Later, it gradually expanded to Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other places. In the process of its expansion, the Huangdi tribe conquered the Yandi tribe from the west with the Qiang surname, and defeated the Chiyou tribe from the Dongyi tribe in the south. As a result, he became the supreme leader of a larger tribal alliance including various tribes. Since then, the Huangdi tribe has become the core force integrating many tribes and their cultures from all over the world. There are many myths and legends surrounding the Yellow Emperor. For example, inventions such as medicine, boats and carriages, writing, houses, and clothes are all attributed to him, reflecting the great role of the Yellow Emperor's tribe in the formation of the Chinese people. The Yellow Emperor himself is revered as the leader of the Chinese people. ***Same ancestor.

The Yellow Emperor, as a legendary figure, was deified under certain social conditions, so most of the records about the Yellow Emperor are myths or legends. However, these myths and legends can still reflect the social life of the Yellow Emperor's era, as well as the civilization created by the tribes headed by the Yellow Emperor's tribe.

Sima Qian recorded this in his history books: The Yellow Emperor was the legendary leader of the Xiong clan. His surname was Gongsun. He grew up in Jishui and lived in the hills of Xuanyuan. Therefore, he took the place as his surname and his surname was Ji. His name was Xuanyuan, and he took Xuanyuan as his surname, so he was also called Xuanyuan Huangdi. This tribe with the Xiong clan is also known as the Jinyun clan, Dihong clan, and Dixuan clan. There is endless debate among historians about the origin of the Huangdi clan, that is, the origin of the ancestors of the Zhou clan. Some think it originated in the Wei River Basin, some think it originated in southern Shanxi, and recently some people think it originated in northern Shanxi and Shaanxi. Although the last statement has few supporters, it has the strongest argument. They believe that the tribe with Huangdi as its ancestor belongs to the ancient Rongdi tribe, that is, the Baidi tribe between Shanxi and Shaanxi. The Huangdi tribe mainly lives in a vast area stretching from the Taihang Mountains in the east, to the northern Shaanxi Plateau in the west, to the coast of the Wei River in the south, and to the junction of northeastern Shanxi and northwest Hebei in the north. In the loess plains where wild hunting occurs in Changlin Maoge, they engage in extensive farming and also make a living by collecting and hunting. Later, several major wars occurred within the scope of the Huangdi tribe, that is, the Zhuolu area in northwest Hebei.

Since the Yellow Emperor came from the Loess Plateau of Shanxi and Shaanxi, he was called the King of Tu De and the color of the soil was yellow, so he was called the Yellow Emperor. The Huangdi tribe later migrated in all directions, and traces can be found as follows: from the Sanggan River to the vicinity of Beijing, or further south; some followed the Taihang Mountains or the Fen River southward, reaching central Hebei Province and southern Shanxi. These two groups of immigrants integrated into the local residents and culture and established some ancient countries; the other group arrived in the Guanzhong Plain in southern Shaanxi and became the Zhou people who later established the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty and ruled China. Through enfeoffment, Zhou culture quickly affected various places and carried out economic, political and cultural exchanges with tribes, clans and ancient ethnic groups in various places. After hundreds of years, by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a unified nation --The Huaxia tribe was born. People traced their origins from the Zhou people back to the Yellow Emperor, so the Yellow Emperor became the ancestor of the Huaxia people.

It is said that the Yellow Emperor was quick in thinking and decisive in doing things. After he became the leader of his tribe, he actively invented inventions and strengthened the power of his tribe. At that time, tens of thousands of clans and tribes across the country were fighting for wealth for many years, and the people suffered. In order to subdue the Wanbang clan, Emperor Xuanyuan mined the mines of hundreds of mountains, the most important of which was the copper mines of Shouyang Mountain, and then forged advanced sharp weapons. At that time, people's working tools, such as ploughs, aluminum, knives, axes, etc., and combat weapons, spears, arrows, etc. were mostly made of wood and made from the right, making fighting very laborious.

However, Huang Di used metal to forge weapons and trained his men to charge into battle. With this well-trained and well-equipped army, he conquered those clans and tribes that were disobedient and arrogant. When the tribes from all directions saw how powerful the Yellow Emperor was, and the Xiong tribe itself was very large, they all surrendered and submitted or obeyed the Yellow Emperor's rule.

Among the tribal alliances at war, the Dongyi tribe in the Jianghuai area was the most violent. Their leader was Chi You, who was the ancestor of some ethnic minorities in the south today. According to legend, Chiyou had 81 clans, which were huge in power, fond of war, and annexed many clans and tribes. Moreover, it is said that Fyou also forged metal and made weapons, and they were always fierce and brave. Therefore, even the Yellow Emperor at that time could not do anything to them.

The Shennong Yandi tribe was still considered a powerful tribal alliance at that time. They expanded eastward from the Jiangshui River in the Weishui River Basin in Shaanxi Province, and developed along the banks of the Weishui River and the Yellow River to the present day in Henan and the border areas of Henan, Hebei and Shandong. In the process of their development, they annexed and integrated many clans. Many scattered tribes and clans were invaded by the Yandi tribe and defected to Xuanyuan Huangdi in the north. The expansion of Yandi tribe is bound to conflict with Huangdi tribe, and war is inevitable. Some historical records record that the ancestors of the Huangdi tribe and the Yandi tribe were the Shaodian clan and the Youqiao clan. The two were brothers. One grew up in Jishui and the other grew up in Jiangshui. The morals of the two were different. This is wrong. This statement probably originated from the terms "descendants of Yan and Huang" and "Shizhou of Yan and Huang". As the two larger tribes in the patrilineal clan stage, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang, together with other tribes, gradually merged with each other through constant exchanges, wars, etc., and jointly created the Huaxia tribe. The two names of Yan and Huang do not mean that the two are brothers.

When the Yellow Emperor saw the encroachment of the Yandi tribe, he established moral education and cultivated military equipment; he devoted himself to studying the Qi of the Five Elements and the astronomical calendar; he also planted grains, mulberry and hemp, and actively stored food; he appeased the people everywhere and stabilized their lives. life; consider measures to settle the princes from all directions, and formulate combat strategies and tactics. All these tasks are carried out in an orderly manner. So the Yellow Emperor led his tribe's huge army, and united with the fierce northern tribes whose totems were the bear, the scorpion, the brave, the body, the tiger, etc., to fight fiercely with the Yan Emperor. The armies of both sides set up positions in the Banquan Wilderness southeast of Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. The battle was very difficult and fierce, with corpses strewn across the fields and blood flowing everywhere. After three fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor tribe finally defeated the Yan Emperor tribe. Since then, the two major tribal groups have merged and created a splendid culture in the Central Plains.

The Huangdi tribe merged with the Yandi tribe, conquered the vast area in the north, and expanded its power rapidly. Chiyou in the south was making trouble again and did not obey Huangdi's orders. So Huang Di gathered troops from various tribes and had a fierce battle with Chi You in the mountains and fields of Zhuolu, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and finally captured Chi You alive and killed him. Some of the Chiyou tribe stayed in the north, while others returned to the south.

As various clans and tribes continued to develop, and in the process of interacting and migrating with each other, they sometimes combined and sometimes differentiated for their own interests, accelerating the integration of each other. The three major tribal alliances between Huangdi, Yandi, and Chi You were in In this intricate struggle and integration, a situation centered on the Huaxia tribe was finally formed. It formed a highly civilized nation with the same language, the same economic life, and the same customs and habits. The Huangdi tribe naturally formed the backbone of the Huaxia tribe and became the core of the continuous integration of many tribes from surrounding areas. strength.

The Yellow Emperor conquered the two major tribal groups, and the Wanfang clan all respected Xuanyuan Huangdi as the emperor and ruled China, replacing the original rule of the Shennong clan. From then on, the Xuanyuan clan was called the Yellow Emperor. If there were any disobedient people in the world, Huangdi would lead his troops to conquer them, and the tribes that submitted and surrendered would no longer attack. In order to communicate with people from all over the world, Huang Di built mountain passes and never had a moment of ease and enjoyment.

During the reign of the Yellow Emperor, he went to the sea in the east, climbed Wanshan Mountain in Linqu County, Shandong Province, and Mount Tai in Shandong Province; and went to Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang County, Gansu Province in the west. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor consulted Guangchengzi on this mountain. The art of Taoism thus became the originator of Chinese Taoism; he crossed the Yangtze River in the south and climbed Xiong'er Mountain in Yiyang County, Hunan and Xiangshan Mountain in Dongting Lake; he drove the Hunzhou people, the ancestors of the Xiongnu people, to the north and settled in the north of Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. The feudal lords gathered in Busan built Huangdi City on the mountain plains of Cholu County. The ruins of the ancient city are still preserved.

The Yellow Emperor married the daughter of the Xiling clan as his concubine and called her Leizu. According to legend, Leizu taught women how to raise and spin silkworms and became the ancestor of silkworms.

In the Huangdi era, the prototype of later countries had begun to sprout. In ancient legends, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, and Xia Yu were all his descendants. Xia, Shang, and Zhou also respected the Yellow Emperor as their ancestor. Through exchanges, wars, and integration, the formation of the Chinese nation was further promoted. Later generations not only listed some Yi and Qiang people as descendants of the Yellow Emperor, but also attributed the creations and inventions of various tribes in primitive society, such as clothes, writing, boats, calendars, etc., to the Yellow Emperor. In fact, Huangdi was deified as a hero and possessed supreme authority. He replaced Shennong, established his rule in the Central Plains, and was promoted by various tribes as the leader of the tribal alliance. As a result, the Yellow Emperor became a symbol of China's ancient civilization and the legendary common ancestor of the Chinese nation.