History of the southern United States

The cultural roots of the southern United States can be traced back to the areas developed by British colonists. In the17th century, most of the colonists came from Britain, but in the18th century, a large number of Scots and Northern Irish (later called Irish-Scots) also began to colonize the foothills of the Apara Mountains. Neocolonists often had trade and cultural exchanges with local Indians, and sometimes they fought with each other. 1700 years later, many slaves from Africa were brought to the new world as laborers, cultivated large farms and planted agricultural products including tobacco, rice and indigo for export. 1800 years later, cotton became the most important crop.

William and Mary College, the earliest university in the southern United States, 1693 was founded in Virginia. This university is famous for its teaching of political economy and has trained several future American presidents, including Jefferson, Monroe and Taylor, all from Virginia. In fact, people born in this area dominated the politics of the first party system era after the founding of the United States. Four of the top five presidents-George Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe-all came from Virginia. By 1855, due to the population advantage of the north, the south gradually lost control of the power of the federal government and debated with the north on issues related to state power and slavery. President james knox polk introduced a tariff reduction bill in 1846, which angered Pennsylvania's industry and made northern politicians retaliate through the federal budget that blocked road construction and port improvement. Many southerners decided to secede from the Union after the northern communist party 186 1 came to power.

After the victory of abraham lincoln 1860 general election, seven cotton-producing states decided to secede from the federation and establish the United States. In 186 1, they attracted four other states to join. The U.S. government refused to recognize the country founded from the state, and continued to station in the remaining fortresses of the Confederate army until the Allies captured the last fortress in the Battle of Sandburg in April. 186 1 also ignited the civil war. In the next four years' war, most of the battles were fought on the land in the south, and only two battles were fought outside the south. The southern government has always adopted a low tariff policy for products imported from Europe, but imposed some additional tariffs on all products from the north. However, the naval blockade imposed by the US Navy effectively prevented most commercial activities in and out of the South, so the low tariff policy in the South did not play a role. The transportation network in the south mostly depends on coastal rivers and ships. However, these two pipelines were blocked by the federal navy, and a few railway transportation could not be carried at all. So by 1864, the internal traffic in the south was almost paralyzed, which made the economic activities of the allies almost stop.

Throughout the civil war, the United States (called America because they named it) finally defeated the United States. The south suffered much more losses than the north, because almost all the major battles were fought on the land in the south. On the allied side, 95,000 soldiers died,165,000 people died of illness and 260,000 people lost, but the total number of casualties in the north was more than that in the south. After the civil war, the south has reached a state of complete collapse in terms of population, infrastructure and economic conditions. The whole United States is also facing a period of reconstruction, and a large number of troops still occupy the southern region. Many southerners who supported the Confederacy in the civil war lost their basic civil rights (such as voting rights) after the war. With the subsequent constitutional amendments, Articles 13 (prohibiting slavery), 14 (giving African Americans full civil rights) and 15 (giving blacks the right to vote), African Americans in the southern region began to have many.

Many backpackers from the north go to the south for political and commercial reconstruction. Some of them participated in the Freeman office and other reconstruction institutions established by the government. Some of them are humanitarians who intend to help the black people. However, many of them are speculators, trying to profit from the chaos. These backpackers often manipulate black voters by hook or by crook and set up corrupt government institutions.

However, in the 1890' s, a political counter-trend began to revoke these black rights that had developed in the south, and a secret organization, such as the Klan, which aimed to publicize the superiority of whites, also began to intimidate African-Americans through lynching and other violent means to prevent them from exercising their political rights (although in fact, the famous cross-burning ceremony did not appear until the 1920' s). The apartheid law passed in 1876 had a similar effect. Until the end of 1960s, the civil rights movement overturned these changes. 190 10, 10 In the morning, a large area of oil field was drilled in Spindletop oil well in Texas, and many other oil fields were discovered in Arkansas, Oklahoma and the Gulf of Mexico. The ensuing "oil boom" completely changed the industrial structure of the central and southwestern States and triggered the first huge economic expansion after the civil war.

However, the southern economy, which has not fully recovered since the civil war, was hit by economic panic and sandstorm disaster again in the 1930 s. After the Wall Street stock market crashed in 1929, the economic situation began to go from bad to worse, and millions of people fell into unemployment. From 1934 to 1939, a series of serious natural disasters caused by wind and drought swept through the narrow strip from Texas to Arkansas, Oklahoma and its surrounding plains, causing more than 500,000 people to be homeless and fall into a state of hunger and cold. It was also during this period that thousands of people moved out of the south to seek economic development in the West Bank.

Both whites and blacks in the south suffered the long-term negative effects of the civil war. The civil war destroyed the whole south and many infrastructures. The economic situation of many southern regions did not recover from this wave of blows until the Second World War, so franklin delano roosevelt promised to regard the south as the region that needed "the highest priority assistance" in the economic panic. Agriculture in the south has fallen into low productivity, so the development of industry has been slowed down, and the level of enterprise and capital investment is not high.

With the development of a large number of emerging industries and military industries brought about by World War II, the South finally got long-lost funds and infrastructure. People from all over the United States go to the South for military training and work for many new industries there. Farmers switched from growing cotton and tobacco to growing other foods, including soybeans and corn. The economic development of South China accelerated at 1960, and continued to grow in 1980s and 1990s. Metropolitan areas with a population of more than 4 million live in Texas, Georgia and Florida, while industries such as automobile manufacturing, telecommunications, textiles, banking and aerospace manufacturing are also expanding rapidly in southern States, and their production capacity even exceeds that of large States in the northeast and midwest. Until 2000, the southern and western regions had the fastest population growth in the United States. Compared with other parts of the United States, the South has always been at an economic disadvantage in history. After the civil war, almost all the economic infrastructure in the south was destroyed. At that time, agriculture was the main source of the whole southern economy. With the abolition of slavery in constitutional amendment 13, the planting and harvesting of large farms were greatly affected, and eventually a large number of farmers in the south fell into poverty. In addition, because there was almost no industrial development in the south at that time, the only source of income was destroyed.

The freed slaves are also victims of this wave of economic difficulties, because they have no experience and training in working outside the farm, and there are quite few job opportunities outside agriculture.

After World War II, with the laying of the interstate highway system, the South successfully attracted many industrial and commercial investments from other parts of the United States, especially a large number of factories from the five Great Lakes in the northeast, commonly known as the rust belt. This has alleviated the long-term poverty and unemployment rate in the south.

Although most parts of the southern United States have made considerable progress since the Second World War, the problem of poverty still exists in many areas. For example, the Black Belt, eastern Kentucky, Mount Apara in southern West Virginia, and the US-Mexico border area in Texas still have long-term poverty problems.