Inquire about Zhang

Zhang was born in Liuqu Village, Haotan Township, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province on September 18, the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Zhang studied as a teenager, joined the army as an adult, and worked as a fast catcher and border guard. Because of breaking the law, the general Chen Hongfan looked at his appearance, pleaded with the company commander Wang Wei, and hit a hundred sticks to remove his name. Since then, he has lived in the countryside. In the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630), Zhang actively responded to the anti-Ming call in Mizhi Uprising, calling himself the Eight Kings and the Eight Kings of Xiying. The following year, he joined the Coalition forces for Wang's own use and was one of the 36 battalions. He was brave and good at fighting, and soon became the main leader of the 36 th Battalion, and he was famous for being good at fighting eight kings. After Wang Jiayin's death, he joined forces with Li Zicheng and others, claiming to be the king, with Zhang and Li Zicheng as pioneers. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), he attended Xingyang Conference, determined to make progress, and loyal to Gao Yingxiang and others to attack the East. Soon, Zhang and Li Zicheng began to split up because of some trivial matters. Zhang Lingbing attacked the Yangtze River basin and Li Zicheng attacked the Yellow River basin. Ten years (1637), Zuo Liangyu, the company commander of the Ming army, attacked, and Zhang Uprising troops suffered serious losses. I was also injured and politically shaken. In the first month of the following year, Zhang led the rebels to Gucheng (now Gucheng County, Hubei Province) and was awarded a lieutenant by the court. Resident Wang Jiahe, renamed Taiping Town, to show a truce. Zhang was called up, neither demobilizing the insurgents as originally scheduled, nor taking part in fighting with the insurgents in Li Zicheng, but guarding one place, strengthening military training and maintaining autonomy. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Zhang was dissatisfied with the endless demands for bribes, extortion, difficulties and distrust of corrupt officials in the imperial court. Influenced by Li Zicheng, on the ninth day of May, he adopted the effective tactics of "avoiding the real and beating the imaginary" and "shouting at the enemy" and re-launched the banner of resisting Ming Dynasty. In order to defeat the enemy and move to Sichuan, the Ming army was exhausted. In fourteen years, the Ming army was defeated in Huangling City, Kaixian County, drove out of Sichuan, broke Xiangyang, killed Wang Xiang and Zhu Yiming, and invaded Gwangju and other places. Yang Sichang, the inspector of Ming Dynasty, committed suicide for fear of sin. 16 years, according to Wuchang, it was called Daxi King. Soon, Kesha Rose Sebert announced that he would waive money and food for three years, and his followers became more and more. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Chengdu was attacked on August 9, and Chengdu Governor Long, Zhu Zhishu and his concubines all committed suicide, and other officials became prisoners. The insurgents entered Chengdu, claiming to be 600,000 troops, and soon took control of the counties in most parts of Sichuan. In Chengdu, Zhang Xian claimed to be the King of Qin, and later announced the establishment of Daxi, renamed Dashun. After establishing and perfecting the system, he became emperor, taking Chengdu as Xijing, and ascended the throne in August 16. That winter, in desperation, unprecedented burning and destruction was carried out in Sichuan; Killing intellectuals in Qingyang Palace, trapping Chengdu residents in Zhongyuan Garden, killing 980,000 guards, sending four generals to slaughter cities and counties, throwing hundreds of millions of treasures into Jinjiang, and finally releasing water, claiming that "there is a man who does nothing" is extremely cruel and abnormal. After three years of Qing Shunzhi (1 646 65438+February1), the situation became more and more tense, but Zhang was pretentious and did not agree. 10 year 10 On October 20th, Zhang was killed when his troops reached the slope of Fenghuang Mountain at the junction of Chongxian County and Yanting County in northwest Sichuan.

1644 Zhang was trapped in Chengdu on the ninth day of the eighth lunar month, and Zhang ordered the massacre for three days. After three days, we stopped killing, and still killed more than 100 people every day, making a difference. According to The Story of the Holy Religion Entering Sichuan written by two European missionaries, Li Si and An, it is not too much for Zhang to kill 100,000 people every day for one year and five months. As soon as the Qing army came, he fled. Before the army fled Chengdu, it carried out a cruel "four light policies" against Chengdu, killing Shu people, from ordinary people to their families (the old, the weak and the sick) to Hubei soldiers and Sichuan soldiers in his army. Finally, even the Qin soldiers who fought alongside him in the early days were killed, and the bacon was made into rations. In this regard, it is really unique in the history of the China Massacre. According to "Broken Mirror in Shu", one night, one of his children passed by the church, and Zhang Shouzi failed to answer, so he ordered him to be killed. The next morning, I regretted it, asked my wives why they didn't save me last night, and ordered to kill all the wives and axes that killed their young children.

Zhang learned to skin people from Zhu Yuanzhang. "First, it was applied to the imperial clan of the Shu government, then to the unyielding civil and military officials, then to the squire, and then to the camp." All the people who have been skinned and infiltrated with lime are actually made of straw and planted with bamboo poles. They stood on both sides of the street in front of Wang Fu, lined with hundreds of people, and looked like funeral figures from a distance. Zhang Chuang made many tricks to kill people, such as sending generals to attack on all sides, "killing all counties", which is called "grass killing" in history. In the court, one hundred officials knelt down. He called dozens of dogs to the temple, and the dogs dragged them out and beheaded people who smelled them. This is called "God kills". He wanted to kill a scholar, so he took a scholar, cheated thousands of Sichuan students and killed them all.

Every time a place is slaughtered, the number of people killed is recorded in detail, including heads, hands and ears. After Macheng was laid down, he cut off women's feet and piled them into mountains, and took one of his favorite concubines to visit. Yu Ji said with a smile, "It's beautiful, but it's only a fly in the ointment. It would be great to have a pair of beautiful feet on it. " Zhang smiled and said, "Your feet are the most beautiful." So he cut off the concubine's feet and put them on the top of the mountain. When Zhang saw that he was defeated, he also killed women and pickled them as rations. If you meet a pregnant woman, you should check your abdomen. For babies in your arms, throw them into the air, pick them up with the tip of a knife and watch their hands and feet dance for fun. Older children or teenagers, in groups of 100 people, lit a circle with firewood, and soldiers stabbed with spears and halberds outside the circle, watching their call signs wander around to add to the fun.

Wenjiang County Records said that Wenjiang County was "almost extinct" because of Zhang's massacre. Thirteen years after Zhang's death (1659), there were only 32 households in the county, including 3 males and 23 females. Hazelnuts are vast, like the beginning of heaven and earth. In the Republic of China, "Jianyang County Records" Volume 19: "There were so many soldiers in the late Ming Dynasty that it almost became a wilderness, leaving only 14 indigenous households". In the history of China, those rogue warlords who wanted to change the regime killed each other more times than anyone else, just to keep their opponents from getting land and people, to be stronger than themselves, and to destroy everything!

The Manchu conquered the Han nationality and always carried out an established policy: slaughter. This is not the case with Mongols and Koreans. After Nuerhachi's Qing army occupied Liaodong area, it first rebelled because it was afraid that the local poor people could not live, and arrested and killed all the poor people in Liaodong area, which was called "killing poverty". Two years later, the Qing army rebelled against the oppression of the rich in Liaodong, killing almost all the rich in Liaodong, which was called "killing the rich" in history. * * * killed more than 3 million Liao people, and the Han people in Liaodong area were basically consumed. Huang taiji broke Jinzhou and searched for three days, but women and children could do nothing; After plundering Jinan, the corpses in the city 1.3 million.

Yangzhou city was broken, Yangzhou became a hell, and more than 800,000 people died. More memorable than hell is the scene of people being held by the neck. Shi zai: whenever you meet a Manchu soldier, "no matter how many people in the south, they are hanging their heads, crawling and being led by a knife." No one dares to escape. " A Qing soldier met nearly fifty young people, and the Qing soldier shouted, "Man Zi! Man Zi! " These people are shaking, and no one dares to move. The Qing soldiers escorted these people (unbound) to the killing field, and no one dared to resist or even escape. After arriving at the execution ground, the Qing soldiers shouted: "Kneel down!" Shout, shout, kneel and let it kill you. There were 6.5438+0.7 million deaths in Jiangyin County, and only 50 people survived in the city. Jiading Santu killed more than 500,000 people. 1649 after the occupation of Xiangtan, Hunan Province, it was a massacre; In the same year, the anti-Qing movement in Datong was put down, and the soldiers and civilians in Datong were slaughtered. All counties and counties and Fenzhou City were slaughtered regardless of good or bad. 1650 When it attacked Guangzhou, it was a massacre. "The massacre was very tragic, and there were few residents ... pedestrians two or three miles away looked like snow."

Zhang Heqing's invasion reduced the population of Sichuan from more than 6 million to 500,000, leaving only about 10%. Throughout China, "there is no village in the county, no home in the village, no perfect family and no perfect wife". A few brave men who dared to resist were killed, and most of them were obedient slaves. In addition, Manchu killed millions of Miao people and millions of Hui people, and killed Zhungeer Department of Mobei Mongolia to the last child! This is a rare cruelty in the history of the world!