What does the word Dunhuang mean?

Since the county was founded in the Han Dynasty, Dunhuang has become a port of communication between the Central Plains and other countries. At the peak of the Han Dynasty, the population of Dunhuang reached 40,000, while the national population was only 40 million. At that time, it was also called Chang 'an, Quanzhou and Dunhuang, which shows the prosperity of Dunhuang in Han Dynasty. Throughout the Han and Wei dynasties, wars continued, but Dunhuang's economy and commerce became increasingly prosperous, the Central Plains culture was widely spread, and Buddhism became increasingly prosperous. Dunhuang once became the center of beamless culture. In the second year of Tang Wude (6 19), Shazhou was established and Dunhuang entered a period of historical prosperity. Dunhuang was occupied and ruled by Huns, Wusun, Qiang, Tangut, Turks, Hu Hui and other nationalities in history. Dunhuang has long been the settlement of all ethnic groups in the western regions, with Chinese culture as the main body and various cultures blending and evolving with each other. Therefore, Dunhuang culture and folk customs have a unique style, which can be seen in the Mogao Grottoes. It can be said that the event that completely changed the history of Dunhuang was the flood during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. The flood made the ancient city of Dunhuang, which has a history of thousands of years, disappear, and the unique folk culture of Dunhuang also drifted with the tide, which led to the biggest historical fault of Dunhuang folk culture and formed many unsolved cases of Dunhuang studies. 1528, the Ming government closed Jiayuguan. Since then, Guazhou and Dunhuang (sandbar) have not been established for 200 years, and Dunhuang is declining. In the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723), Shazhou Institute was established and upgraded to Shazhou Wei. At that time, the population of Dunhuang was pitifully small. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), more than 2,400 households in 56 counties of Gansu moved to Dunhuang to settle down, and a modern Dunhuang city was gradually formed. Until now, Dunhuang can still see many villages named after Gansu place names, such as Lanzhou Village, Suzhou Township, Huining, Qingshui, Heshui, Lanting, Gao Tai and Zhang Xi 'an.

At present, the total population of Dunhuang is 6.5438+0.8 million, and the cultivated land is 240,000 mu. The fiscal revenue in 2000 was 72.68 million yuan, and the fiscal expenditure in that year was 94.2 million yuan. Judging from the above figures, the economic situation of Dunhuang city is extremely disproportionate to its city brand. Agriculture and tourism are two pillar industries in Dunhuang, but these two industries cannot form Dunhuang's economic strength in a short time. Agriculture is a traditional industry in Dunhuang, and specialties such as Golden Queen (Melon), Li Guangxing and Mingshan Jujube are well-known both inside and outside the province. However, with only 240,000 mu of arable land (even if all of them are high-yield fields), it is difficult to form agricultural industrial advantages and scale benefits. In addition, the scarce water resources restrict the agricultural development in Dunhuang. Dunhuang tourism plays an important role in the development of tourism economy in Gansu province, but the inconvenient transportation restricts the development of tourism. Tourism economy has not yet become a pillar industry in Dunhuang. 200 1 The completion of the expansion of the main project of Dunhuang Airport will play a very positive role in Dunhuang tourism. Dunhuang decided to build a new urban area in West Suzhou Township, develop westward and integrate with the seven towns (the living base of Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau), and plan 300,000 people in the long term to promote the urbanization process of Dunhuang City, but can such urban expansion and ecological environment bear it? Anyone who has been to Dunhuang knows what the ecological environment is like. The carrying capacity of ecological environment is very limited, and the city is expanding. Population increase; Excessive water intake will accelerate desertification. Due to the increase of population in Dunhuang in recent years and the increase of domestic and production water in Subei and Aksai counties in the upper reaches of Danghe River, Danghe River has been unable to meet the needs of the three counties and cities. When the yellow sand under Danghe Bridge in Dunhuang jumped into the river like a yellow dragon with the wind, people realized that the river had not flowed for many years. The groundwater level in Dunhuang City is decreasing year by year, and the crescent spring, a wonder of the desert, has already dried up. A few years ago, it was suggested that the Haji Party be used to rebuild the beautiful Dunhuang, but the project was opposed by the upstream Qinghai Province, because the ecological environment in Qinghai was more fragile than that in Gansu, and the project was finally rejected. It has also been suggested that Dunhuang be established as a prefecture-level city to develop Dunhuang. We want a county-level city with an annual GDP of 654.38+0 billion and a fiscal revenue of less than 1 0 billion, and then bear the expenses without financial subsidies from the first-level government. 654.38-0997, Gansu Provincial Government approved the establishment of Dunhuang Tourism Special Economic Zone, enjoying special policies for many years. Facts show that local economic development can not be solved simply by raising the administrative level. The construction of Liudun Railway has been demonstrated for many years, and some foreign and private capitals want to participate in the construction, but they remain silent after on-the-spot investigation and demonstration. Why, because we can't see the benefits after the completion of this railway, even if it is completed, who will pay for the huge railway operation and maintenance costs? After the completion of such a project, not only can it not promote the development of the local economy, but it will drag down the local economy. I have read many articles about how to develop Dunhuang. There are indeed many good suggestions and ideas on the development of Dunhuang from a macro perspective. But from a realistic point of view, we can't simply strengthen the city scale through city brands. I think there should be a more rational and profound understanding. Cities need to develop and people want to be rich, which is the most basic desire for development. But all this must be based on the living environment. The primary problem of Dunhuang development is the construction and protection of ecological environment. Without this fundamental guarantee, the world cultural heritage will be destroyed.

The development of Dunhuang is not a one-off event, let alone quick success, because the development of Dunhuang is very important to the development of tourism economy in the whole province. Dunhuang has its inherent defects, so we should first treat it objectively and realistically. This is more conducive to the development of Dunhuang. With the development of Dunhuang, Gansu's tourism economy has stamina and motivation.

Some suggestions:

First, do not seek the scale of the city, but seek the classic characteristics.

In the eyes of most people, urban development always feels that the scale is the first. The ecological environment in the northwest does not allow too many large-scale urban development, and Dunhuang is extremely short of water, which is not suitable for expanding the scale of the city. The concept of urban construction in Dunhuang must be changed. Urban construction must first get rid of the idea of "looking at the overall situation". We should learn from the construction achievements of some famous cultural cities in Europe, strengthen the overall planning and layout, highlight cultural characteristics, and give priority to greening and environmental protection. Make good use of limited funds, increase investment in urban transformation, and rationally arrange professional commercial communities. For example, transform some commercial retail enterprises and build a tourism culture trading market. Reasonable division of labor and main street layout, encourage private enterprises to set up some high-consumption cultural enterprises such as tea ceremony, calligraphy and painting, and attract Japanese, Korean and Taiwan Province tourists. Maintain the existing city scale, give full play to the role of private capital in urban construction, transform and decorate the appearance of old buildings, and highlight the cultural connotation of Dunhuang. Form your own unique urban landscape, small and refined, small and unique, small and classic. Strive to build the first cultural classic city in the west.

Second, promote the development of cultural industry, form an industrial chain and realize the reconstruction of Dunhuang.

The data of global economic development show that the more developed the economy, the more prosperous the domestic cultural industry. British cultural industry accounts for 50% of the country's gross national product and has become a pillar industry in Britain. American cultural industry, represented by modern culture, has surpassed the output value of machinery manufacturing industry, and Japanese cultural industry also accounted for half of the gross national product in 2000. It can be seen that economic prosperity is the foundation of the rise of cultural industry, which is an industry with low investment and high profit, strong dependence on the region, convenient and fast external diffusion, and can quickly form industrial advantages. 200 1, Hunan province put forward the strategy of making Hunan a strong cultural province, taking Hunan as a leading province in broadcasting industry to promote the development of cultural industry in the province. Gansu is the birthplace of Chinese culture, and its cultural heritage is very profound. Dunhuang culture is the essence of the blending of national cultures, and it has been more attractive for thousands of years. Dunhuang Research Institute has been engaged in Dunhuang culture research for many years, and has achieved fruitful results, but many research results only stay in books, and no one has developed and utilized these results from a commercial perspective. Dunhuang tourism economy has been trying to welcome guests and collect tickets in recent years. How can such development meet the needs of local economy to achieve leap-forward development? The year with the largest number of tourists coming to Dunhuang is only one million. Japanese tourists come to Dunhuang to travel, and their travel expenses account for 60% of the total expenses. Because Dunhuang is a long way and inconvenient to get in and out, many people want to come but can't. How to make people who don't come to Dunhuang consume Dunhuang, we must use Dunhuang's brand to develop cultural industries, spread Dunhuang's cultural products to the outside world, truly make Dunhuang's brand a hot spot of consumption in the domestic cultural market, and turn Dunhuang's brand into productivity. In the development of cultural industry, we should establish the strategic thinking of going out and actively create a good external environment. Dunhuang Art Troupe should become the messenger of spreading Dunhuang culture to the outside world, so that more people can truly understand Dunhuang culture. It is suggested that cultural enterprises should be established on the basis of the management department of Dunhuang Research Institute, and cultural research results should be transformed into cultural commodities in time. Give play to the policy-oriented role of government departments and actively encourage the development of a number of cultural enterprises. There are objective factors in the development of cultural industry in Dunhuang. As long as we can fully understand and tap this cultural advantage subjectively, develop cultural industries and form an industrial chain of tourism economy, the interactive development of culture and tourism is the way to rebuild Dunhuang.

Third, emancipate the mind, renew ideas and establish the concept of managing Dunhuang.

The brand Dunhuang is far from being well developed and utilized. Many products named after Dunhuang and Tian Fei in the market are not produced in Dunhuang. To develop Dunhuang economy, we must further emancipate our minds, renew our concepts and broaden our thinking. However, the advantage of Dunhuang is that it has the brand of "Big Mac". If we say intangible assets, the brand Dunhuang is priceless. The development of modern economy is changing the traditional economic concept. The real economy can't work, and you can participate in the virtual economy. I have been to many places, and everyone knows about Dunhuang, but I seldom see the word Dunhuang. I came across a cafe named "Mogao Grottoes" in Zhengzhou. I wonder if the boss is from Dunhuang. Seeing his facade decoration makes people laugh and cry, but looking back, people in Henan know that Dunhuang is used to make money, but why didn't Dunhuang fully tap and use this brand to make money? I've been thinking about this for a long time. Beijing and Xi are the must-see places to visit China's cultural relics. Due to Dunhuang's remote location and inconvenient transportation, most tourists stay in Xi 'an. Dunhuang is small, but the brand is big. How to turn the brand advantage into economic advantage needs to establish the concept of managing Dunhuang and manage the brand well by commercial means. Xi 'an was the political and cultural center in the Han and Tang Dynasties, which was inextricably linked with Dunhuang. To operate Dunhuang, we must first establish close ties with Ann, Beijing and other places, so that tourists can see the text and introduction of Dunhuang at any time when they feel the profoundness of Chinese culture in the above two places. On the one hand, it narrows the distance between tourists and Dunhuang, on the other hand, it can let tourists know that Dunhuang is the traditional culture of China, but it has a more unique cultural connotation. In addition, Dunhuang should take legal measures to recover the right to use trademarks related to Dunhuang, and participate in the commercial activities of manufacturers through authorization, joint venture and OEM, so as to increase other income for Dunhuang.

Fourth, close enterprise relations and seek common development.

In order to solve the inconvenience of long-term plateau life and work for more than 40,000 employees of Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau, we began to bid farewell to Haixi area of Qinghai in 1984 and build a new home in Gobi Desert, the seventh town of Dunhuang. After more than ten years of construction. The oil field base has built a new city with wide roads, beautiful environment and perfect facilities. Since 2000, enterprises have been reorganized, and non-core enterprises are leaving the oil field. Due to the development of enterprises affiliated to Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau in areas with inconvenient transportation, the production cost is higher than other enterprises, and some enterprises are currently facing production transformation. Dunhuang should seize this favorable opportunity, actively establish close business relations with Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau, and open up the local market in all directions. Guide these enterprises to participate in the development of Dunhuang. These enterprises are not short of funds, technology and talents, and they can get financial subsidies for technological transformation. Relying on Dunhuang market to help these enterprises out of the predicament, so as to localize these enterprises. With the help of the scientific and technological strength of Qinghai Oilfield, the local economy is gradually diversified by jointly developing mining resources and natural gas downstream industries with related enterprises.