Luodai immigrant culture

? The plane takes off at night, and there is still a whole day. Search Chengdu everywhere, the target is Luodai, the ancient town of Hakka.

? Check out early in the morning, put on your shoulders, get on the subway from the hotel (Chunxi Road) and sit in Longquanyi for almost an hour. It takes nearly an hour to get off and change trains. The bus crossed the field, and there was no one on either side. I think I've been to several stops.

? Luodai is just beside the highway, just a few steps away.

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? Walking into the ancient town hidden by the roadside, you can see the main street at a glance, paved with bluestone slabs one meter square, with old houses in the style of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China on both sides, which will bring you into a hundred years ago in an instant.

? Now, when talking about a place, most people should go back to history first and try to go as far as possible. Speaking of Luodai, at least from the pre-Qin period. The Qin Dynasty destroyed Shu, set Shu County, and Luodai was under the jurisdiction of Chengdu County. From then until the early Tang Dynasty, Luodai was always an important post station on the post road.

? According to legend, there was a street named "Wanfu Street" in Shiluo of the Three Kingdoms, which benefited from Zhuge Liang's prosperity. The pattern of "one street and seven lanes" in Luodai was formed in the Shu-Han period of the Three Kingdoms and has not changed for thousands of years.

? The original "Luodai" is "Luodai". According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Yuxin, a native of Shu, accidentally dropped the jade belt into a well to catch carp, hence the name Luodai, which gradually evolved into Luodai.

? What really made Luodai famous was the immigration movement in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

? In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the population of Sichuan decreased sharply due to war and famine. The Qing government immigrated to Sichuan, forming the largest migration movement in the history of China, which lasted for more than 100 years, and Sichuan became one of the provinces with the largest number of Hakkas in Chinese mainland. Luodai ancient town is the most intact Hakka ancient town near Chengdu, with rich Hakka culture.

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? The so-called "one street and seven lanes", this "one street" is the main street at the foot, which consists of upper street and lower street, with a length of more than one kilometer.

? Qingshiban Road is uneven. The North Hutong, Fengyi Hutong, Hu Aishu Hutong, Jiangxi Guanhui Hutong, Chaishi Hutong, Macaoyan Hutong and Pumice Hutong on both sides of the street are "seven lanes", criss-crossing, with rich spatial changes, and various shops and restaurants along the street are full of fireworks.

? The most famous buildings in the ancient town are the "Four Guilds Hall" (Guangdong Guild Hall, Huguang Guild Hall, Jiangxi Guild Hall and North Sichuan Guild Hall), all of which are national key cultural relics protection units.

? Among the four halls, Guangdong Hall (also called "South China Palace") is one of the largest and best-preserved halls in China, with a total area of 3,044.75 square meters. The hall faces south, and the axis is symmetrically arranged. Built in the 10th year of Qing Qianlong (1746) and rebuilt in the 9th year of Guangxu (1883), its wind-fire wall is extremely unique and rare in Sichuan. Cantonese immigrants to Chengdu Plain in Qing Dynasty regarded it as a contact point to enter Sichuan.

? In Chengdu, there is no shortage of tea. It's still early. There is a teahouse in the courtyard of Guangdong Guild Hall. I sat down to have tea and meditate. This is an essential part of traveling, because traveling is not crazy, nor in a hurry, and it is easy to relax. If you are worried about tea money, you will lose a lot because of small things.

? Huguang Guild Hall (also known as "Yugong") was founded in the eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1743) and was built with donations from Huguang (Hunan and Hubei) immigrants. The first year of the Republic of China (19 12) was destroyed by fire and rebuilt the following year. The hall faces south, which is slightly smaller than the Guangdong hall. The archway, the ear tower, the stage, the middle and back hall, the empty dam in the front yard, the wings on both sides, the corridor, the east and west courtyards and the backyard are all well preserved and all decorated with gold. Huguang Hall has Sichuan Hakka Museum, so it is closed on Monday. The day I went was Monday, and I could only look at the appearance.

? Jiangxi Guild Hall (also known as "Wanshou Palace"), which was built in the 11th year of Qing Qianlong (1746), is much smaller, with a total area of 1 185 square meters, but it is extremely beautiful. The guild hall is a compound courtyard layout, which consists of a large stage, a residential building, a memorial archway, three front, middle and rear halls and a small stage, especially the small stage protruding from the courtyard between the middle and rear halls, which is unique in concept and rare in guild halls all over the country. The wooden components in each hall of the guild hall are exquisitely carved, which is also a must. There is an old banyan tree outside the back door of the hall, which was planted when the hall was built.

? The four guildhalls brought together Hakka people who had left their homes in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places.

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? In addition to the four pavilions, Luodai Ancient Town has more than 50 Hakka exhibition halls, ancestral halls and numerous Hakka dwellings, which can be called the "Grand View Garden" of ancient buildings in China.

? Among the existing Hakka houses in Luodai, Wu Dafu is the earliest and most intact one. This is a Hakka residence in Guangdong. The first owner was Wu Zuojiang, the second generation of Wu family who entered Sichuan in Wuhua County, Meizhou, Guangdong Province. He was named a doctor by Emperor Jiaqing and built this mansion, so it was called "Dafu Land".

? Wu's mansion was built between Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and it was composed of large and small courtyards. The whole building complex is symmetrically arranged with the gate as the central axis, and enters the gate, followed by the hall, the courtyard dam, the front, middle and rear three halls, the east and west flower halls, the wing rooms and the street halls. There is another small courtyard connected to the small courtyard, which is very unique. In the past, there were bamboo forests and Woods outside the gate, and the gate was hidden in the shade.

? Walking to Fengyi Lane, I found a shady garden, a Hakka Park built by 1928. It was built by Liu Huian, a Hakka in Meizhou, Guangdong, at the invitation of the squire of Luodai, covering an area of 60 mu. Later, there were "June Teahouse" tea shed, Ningcui Building, E Pavilion and other buildings in the park, which have been well preserved so far. There is a "women's tea club" in the tea shed for Hakka women to drink tea and chat, which is unique because it does not accept male guests. Hakka Park has always been a place for leisure and entertainment for residents in the town. In the tea shed, local people drink tea and chat.

? Randeng Temple is a place where Hakkas worship Buddha in the ancient town. This is an ancient temple that was built in the Sui Dynasty and declined in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, with a large number of Hakkas moving in, the wind of worshipping Buddha prevailed, and the ancient temple was restored, maintained and rebuilt, with a grand scale and magnificent momentum.

? Randeng Temple has the existing Shanmen (including the East Building), Sichuan Daxiong Hall, Bell and Drum Tower, Niangniang Hall, Daxiong Hall (Luohantang), Guanyin Hall and the ancient Buddha Hall with burning lamps. Compared with Hakka Park, it is much quieter here.

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? Hakka people from all over the world gather together, as well as delicious food and various Hakka cultures that exude deep homesickness.

? The most famous food in Luodai Town is "Smoked Goose in Oil", which was created by Hakkas who moved to Sichuan and passed down by Hakkas in Luodai Town. The process of frying geese is quite complicated. It takes more than 10 hour to slaughter, marinate, hang, smoke, marinate and fry.

? Swan eggs, Hakka snacks, are brewed with glutinous rice, ground, fermented for a certain period of time, wrapped in brown sugar or bean paste, fried in a large iron pot, fished out, wrapped in sesame white sugar, and wrapped in glutinous rice.

? In the eyes of Hakkas, swans are auspicious and happy animals. Hakkas are worried that swan's eggs will be stolen, so they use "swan's eggs" instead to protect wild swans.

? In Luodai, snack bars in the streets go door to door, dealing in more than 20 kinds of Hakka delicacies such as fried goose, goose eggs, sad bean jelly and noodle soup, which can't be eaten in two or three days.

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? Walking in the old streets and alleys of Luodai is like slowly opening a history of Hakka migration. It is a miracle that so many Hakkas have left their homes and gathered in Chengdu Plain, where they have taken root and propagated and passed on Hakka culture.

? Residents of Luodai ancient town, whose ancestors came from all corners of the country, can find homesickness here no matter where you come from.