White House Announces Framework of Immigration Proposal

The scientific purpose of the Human Genome Project and the specific goal of "timing, quantification and qualitative determination" are to determine the sequence of 3 billion nucleic acids that make up the human genome, thus laying a foundation for clarifying the structure and function of the human genome and all genes, interpreting all human genetic information and uncovering human mysteries. Because of the consistency of living matter and the continuity of biological evolution, as well as the universality of the strategies and technologies for the establishment of the human genome project, this means that it has laid the foundation for uncovering the ultimate mystery of life.

The guiding significance of human genome project to life science research and bio-industry development can be summarized by scale, serialization, informationization and industrialization, medicalization and human culture.

First, scale.

Genomics is a new discipline, which was born with the beginning of the human genome project and developed with the progress of the human genome project. For the first time, biologists understand and study the genes of all species and multiple species from the whole genome scale (through comparative genomics), instead of discovering and studying their "favorite" genes one by one. This is one of the main differences between genomics and genetics and all other biological sciences involving genes. The change of research scale has brought about changes in laboratory and experimental methods, and put forward new requirements for the quality of leading scientists, the team spirit of staff and the unique "semi-scientific and semi-enterprise" management of super-large laboratories. This is one of the reasons why the "Human Genome Project" has only six official members and 16 centers, and it is also the basis for the contribution to the "Human Genome Project" to become a comprehensive response to a country's national strength and a symbol of life science and bio-industry.

Second, serialization.

Serialization of biological information is an epoch-making milestone for life science to enter 2 1 century, and it is also a stage sign for life science to mature. Only quantitative (quantitative) disciplines can be called science. Mendel's contribution is mainly to bring "factor" and quantification into this pre-existing discipline, and has made great achievements.

Serialization of biological information means that life science is based on sequence. This is the most important feature that distinguishes life science in the new era from biology in the past. With the completion of the human genome sequence map, the discovery of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism, that is, sequence difference), and the promotion of comparative genomics, ancient DNA, "food genome project" and "pathogen and environmental genome project" (mainly human susceptibility related sequences related to lethal pathogens), the genome sequence maps of major species with scientific, economic and medical significance will come out. We got more information from this sequence than all the biological research accumulated so far. For the first time, life science has become a oriented science, not a hypothetical and concept-oriented science. Even the evolution of the most essential characteristics of life and the research on evolution, the only research that cannot be repeated in the laboratory because of time and past environment, will be quantitatively studied on the basis of various patterns and genome sequences of other organisms. The study of ancient DNA will reveal the relationship between the mystery of life evolution and ancient and modern creatures. This will help people to better understand the relationship between human beings in the biological world.

Third, informatization.

The success of the human genome project depends on bioinformatics and the network that makes the earth smaller. Without them, the coordination of the international human genome project and the timely publication of the world are impossible. Without all the software and hardware, the human genome project is impossible. Once the sequence is read, its quality control, assembly, submission and analysis all depend on bioinformatics, but from now on, the meaning of the sequence depends entirely on bioinformatics. What's the use of sequence without the analysis of electronic computer and the comparison of explosion information? However, informatization has changed the existing way of the whole life science and experimental objects. Today's biological experiments may mainly analyze sequence information.

The human genome project has attracted people's attention, first of all, people's demand for health. The pursuit of health is one of the most important activities of human beings. The primary factor that diseases naturally affect health is a problem that everyone, parents, families and governments have to consider.

Fourth, medical treatment.

The Human Genome Project has medicalized its achievements and benefited mankind in medicine. The human genome project has lived up to the support and high hopes of the democratic masses. Through the processing of biological information and the research of other technologies, nearly 40,000 genes were identified. Dozens of "disease alleles" directly related to diseases have been cloned. More than forty kinds of gene products such as human insulin, interferon and growth hormone have been put into production. Gene diagnosis technology of many diseases has been established, and gene prediction, gene prevention, gene diagnosis and gene therapy will change the whole medicine. The difference of DNA sequence will help people understand the resistance of different individuals to diseases, so that they can prescribe the right medicine according to everyone's "genetic characteristics". That is, 2 1 century medicine-"individualized medicine". By then, DNA sequence analysis may become the fastest, most accurate and cheapest diagnostic method.

Malaria and Alzheimer's Harmo's disease will make new breakthroughs in the near future. Taking "gene map" as a "reference book" in our daily life will make our lifestyle and living environment more harmonious with our genes, which will certainly extend everyone's life span to a certain extent. All mankind will benefit from our own genetic knowledge.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) industrialization

The human genome project will promote the development of bio-industry in 2 1 century. The characteristics of scale, serialization and informatization make it linked with the possibility of industrialization from the beginning.

Bio-industry will become the pillar industry of national economy in the world in the 2 1 century together with information industry. Biological industry is characterized by resource dependence and resource informatization, which makes biological resources become strategic resources that can be reoccupied after land (minerals, etc.). ) resources. The strategy and technology of the development of the human genome project make the biological resources change from the original group germplasm resources (wild and high-quality varieties) into serialization and informatization, and the informatization brought by technology makes it more difficult to protect them. If we don't realize this, our biological resources will be lost, and the biological industry will lose its source and upstream, and the established biotechnology (such as gene cloning, transgenic, animal individual cloning, etc. ) will become a cook without rice. At present, the urgent task of life science in China is to provide the colleagues who have contributed to the human genome project with the requirements of the new era of life science based on adaptive DNA sequences and biological information.

Sixth, human culture.

The background pattern of the White House's celebration of "Work Frame Map" is intriguing: an interpretation of "The Book of Life-a milestone of mankind".

Once upon a time, when we discussed that "science is a double-edged sword", all we cared about was that enemies of mankind might wave this sword, such as Hitler and Isoroku Yamamoto. Now, our problems are suddenly complicated, and this group of public enemies of mankind still exists (such as bioterrorism). But more importantly, it is impossible to judge the illegal behavior from the existing international law and the laws of a country. In the face of these new problems, our laws suddenly become at a loss or powerless. We should be fully prepared in moral or ethical aspects, personal survival psychology, social structure and behavior. From the perspective of humanism, it will even re-discuss the positioning of human nature and humanism on human rights, equality and social structure in nature.

The human genome project has brought great influence to society. Let me summarize here:

1. Human beings are a big family. For example, human beings have only one genome, which needs everyone's protection. Its "intellectual property rights" are owned by all mankind. The differences between human individuals are very small, which is necessary for human survival. Gene Human beings are all equal, so there is no difference between normal genome and abnormal genome, or "disease genome", "healthy gene" and "disease gene", good gene and bad gene. Most known genes, if not all diseases, are related to the existence of a gene-allele, and this gene-allele is meaningful for human survival. Especially people with autosomal recessive diseases. Therefore, genetic patients bear the inevitable pain for mankind, they deserve our respect and care, and they can also make great contributions to mankind. Any view of "excellent students" and "inferior students" has no scientific basis and is even more inhuman. Be kind to others.

2. All members are genetically equal, and human genes are the wealth and heritage of mankind. Most diseases are caused by differences in genomes and disharmony in the environment where regulatory genes are located. Genes will become reference books for our daily life, diet and daily life. Establish a harmonious relationship with our genes and be kind to yourself.

3. The genome information of members is the most important privacy of a person. This is an individual concept of the human genome, which is related to all the dignity and part of the fate of a social member and should be respected by society and others.

4. The connection between man and nature is the product of natural evolution. Through the comparison of genomics, ancient DNA and evolution, human beings will better understand their position in nature, better establish a new civilization that conforms to human nature-human nature, and live in harmony with nature.

In addition, we must ensure the public's right to know about genes and genetic research.

Finally, by the way, the possibility of non-peaceful use of genome research.

The human genome project is too ambitious. In view of the "double-edged sword" of natural science, we have to consider its benefits, and at the same time, we have to consider: what if this information falls into the hands of bioterrorists or other public enemies of mankind? What if this information is abused or misused? "The day when the human genome project is completed (here, the mystery of human beings is completely uncovered, and the human genome project is only the prelude) is the time when human beings themselves perish." Although it is too extreme, it is not just sensational. One of the reasons why mankind is safe so far is that its mystery is not known to others!

The former discussion is related to the security of the world and a country, and should be held at the world summit or at the conference table at the top of a country. The White House must have recognized this problem at the earliest and started to consider it. The "2 1 Century Anti-bioterrorism Plan" or other names indicate that the White House is not only considering classical and traditional biological weapons, such as biological nerve gas, which is a well-known deadly pathogen produced by genetic engineering and its derivatives, but also considering biological weapons related to human genes. Many data provided by the Human Genome Project and repeated data to be provided in the future show that individual differences are always greater than any race or race (maybe just the word China people's nation). However, there are some differences between races, nations and groups. These subtle differences are enough to become the first generation of ethnic or group-specific extinction weapons that can identify "enemy" and "me". To give a few examples: in terms of race, the natural immunity of white people to HIV has not been found or is extremely rare among Asians (yellow people); The incidence of CF (cystic fibrosis) has not been found in China so far. It is 1/400 for Caucasians and 1/20 ~ 30 for carriers in the population. As far as people are concerned, silkworm disease patients are not uncommon in southern China. The subtle difference in one of their genomes made them die after eating a few broad beans. If the cause is unknown, rescue them in time. The Global Declaration on Human Genes and Human Rights adopted by the United Nations General Assembly is written into relevant contents and requires all countries to abide by it. As a civilian official of UNESC0 "International Bioethics Committee" who drafted this document, I am deeply touched. The prevention of this problem concerns every head of state, every responsible scientist and ensuring people's right to know. I don't agree to compare the human genome project with the Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project (the former is far more humane than the latter) because of my concern. I very much hope that on this issue, before this "genetic atomic bomb" explodes (whether for the need of peace or war), we can eliminate it before it happens through our efforts and international cooperation. History will prove the necessity of discussing this proposal.