How was ancient Japan founded?

The concept of "ancient Japan was an immigrant country" may still be relatively unfamiliar in China's historical circle! Many historians say that they have never heard of this statement, and there is no such concept!

The author now focuses on the history of Jiajing pirates in the history of Sino-Japanese relations in the Ming Dynasty, and summarizes a self-view of "this enemy is not the other enemy". The author studies the problem of "transportation" between China and Japan. Because China and Japan are separated by oceans, if there is no advanced "transoceanic ship", the "Japanese pirates" will not be able to cross. Therefore, in the article "Re-discussion on Japanese Historical View" published on the Internet, the author points out that Japan was unable to build foreign ships in the Ming Dynasty; Yongle began to pay tribute to Japan's two "tribute ships", which were also free assistance given to Japan by Ming Chengzu. After this question was raised, some netizens and scholars raised the following two questions:

By the Han Dynasty, the Japanese had already passed through China. How did the Japanese get here without foreign ships?

Japanese ships sent to the Tang Dynasty were all "Japanese ships", which is the "conclusion" of historians! Why couldn't Japan build foreign ships in the Ming Dynasty?

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These questions all involve what kind of country Japan was in ancient times. In what era was it formed? Wait for the basic understanding of ancient Japanese history. This question was not within the scope of the author's research, but if someone asks a question, he can't help but answer it seriously. Therefore, the author also carefully read a large number of relevant documents and historical materials of ancient Japanese history, and unexpectedly found the following two problems:

The first one is: the theory that the Paitang ship is a Japanese ship was invented by Japanese scholars.

The second is that Japan is an immigrant country formed during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In view of the former proposition, the author found an important basic paper on the construction of this theory since the Meiji period: 1903, the paper on the method of water wells in the late Meiji period, "Sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty" (note1); 1920 Gu Sen Rao nan's paper "On Traffic Roads in Japan and Tang Dynasty" during the Taisho period (Note 2); 1926 "History of Japanese Branch Traffic" written by Gong Wuyan at the beginning of Showa; And 1955, a research report on the post-war treatise "Sending an envoy to the Tang Dynasty" (Note 3), which was written by Sen Keji, pointed out the fictional problem of this foreign theory. As for the second proposition, it is a research report on Japan as an immigrant country formed during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which the author is about to compile.

The concept of "immigration" is a taboo among Japanese historians.

The words "immigrant" and "immigrant country" are the most taboo words in Japanese historians, and may be "forbidden sentences" in Japanese historians! Because when the historical concept of "immigrant" or "immigrant country" is publicly affirmed, it is undoubtedly equivalent to publicly denying the educational purpose of the historical view of single nation state and imperial state instilled by the Japanese government since the Meiji Restoration. Therefore, Japanese historians avoid using the word "immigrants" which played a decisive role in the formation of ancient Japanese countries, and basically use "naturalized people" or "immigrants" published in the official history of ancient Japan, such as Records of Japan and Historical Records. The so-called "naturalized person" or "immigrant" is the "immigrant" in the vernacular. The word "naturalized person" itself has a sense of arrogance (external) and ignorance (internal). This is also the original intention of Japanese historians to stubbornly use this proper term. The so-called "naturalized person" is essentially just a name used by the ruling class of the older generation of immigrants in ancient Japan to address the new generation of immigrants with strong "China Thought" (called "China Thought" in Japan)! The concept of "naturalized person", an ancient "mainland immigrant", became the target of Japanese nationalists in the era when Japanese militarism "imperial history view" prevailed in 1930' s. After World War II, historian Huang Guan came forward to rehabilitate "naturalized person". It is argued that "naturalized citizens" (mainland immigrants) made the greatest contribution to the national construction of ancient Japan (Note 4). 1965 After the signing of the basic treaty between Japan and South Korea, in order to take into account the feelings of Korean nationals after the normalization of Japan-South Korea relations, Japanese academic circles replaced the term "naturalized person" with a proper term of "ferryman", and there was little sense of national difference.

The history of thousands of immigrants in ancient Japan

Japan's ancient island is a desert island! According to the comprehensive research method of Shozo Yamayama, a demographer, he calculated the "Table of Population and Population Density in Rope Age" and drew the following conclusion: Before 200 BC (before Qin and Han Dynasties), the average population of aborigines (rope literati) on Japanese islands was only about100000, which was almost a desert island. And its culture is just rope-patterned pottery culture! During the Yayoi period after 200 BC (from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties), the population of Yayoi people (immigrants) rose in a straight line, equivalent to the population of Japanese islands in China in Han Dynasty, reaching about 600,000 in Tang Dynasty. Anthropologist Kawahara Kazuhiro used the algorithm of population multiplication model and referred to the rope-striped population table data of Xiushan, and calculated that the number of Japanese immigrants from 300 BC to 700 AD was almost as high as1500,000. When immigrants (Yayoi) and their descendants are included, their total population is almost nine times that of aborigines (rope literati). After the publication of this book "The Theory of Sahala Million Immigrants", it shocked the Japanese historians and became a classic theory of the history of population change in ancient Japan, but it was immediately besieged by the quintessential scholars.

Japanese historians have basically affirmed that without the introduction of a large number of excellent "naturalized people (mainland immigrants)" and various advanced "Chinese culture" and production technologies for a long time, the civilization of ancient Japan will fall behind for hundreds of years. In addition, regarding the origin of the ancient Japanese nation and the formation of the country, Japanese historians also have theories of foreign regimes such as "the conquest of the riding nation" and "the origin of foreign countries". In addition, the long-term in-laws between the Yamato royal family in ancient Japan and the Baekje royal family in South Korea fully illustrate the essence of ancient Japan as an immigrant country. Simply put, ancient Japan was an "immigrant country" established by "mainland immigrants". The so-called "mainland immigrants" do not refer specifically to "China immigrants", but generally refer to "ancient people" who immigrated from East Asia to Japanese islands. But most of them are Han, Korean and other Donghu people, and so on. It can be seen from the genealogy Record of Newly Written Surnames written in 8 15 AD that the ruling dynasty at that time was an alien "immigrant dynasty".

From the perspective of cultural inheritance, it is mainly the immigrants of Chinese culture who play a leading role. The biography of Japanese in Wei Zhi written by the reflection of the three kingdoms states that the Japanese "claimed to be doctors since ancient times", which is even more clear in the Book of Jin, saying that the Japanese "claimed to be Taibo, and then said that the ancient envoys called China, and all claimed to be doctors." Taibo is the eldest son of Shijiazhou (BC 1 100) in Historical Records. Taibo found that his father wanted to pass the throne to his younger brother Ji Li, so he led his younger brother Zhong Yong into exile in the land of Dongyi Man Jing (according to Records of the Historian Justice, that is, the Wuxi area on the northern shore of Taihu Lake today), following the habit of tattooing and losing his hair in the local Man Jing (Japanese). Man Jing felt his justice and returned to worship as "Wu Taibo". At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (at the turn of the 5th and 6th centuries BC), wuyue was at war, and some Taibo descendants moved to the Japanese archipelago to settle down, becoming the ancestors of "slave country" and "evil horse Thailand" in Wei Mingdi during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Doctor" is the official title of Han Dynasty. After Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, "Japanese" began to pay tribute and enjoy the treatment of "doctor", so the Biography of Japanese in Wei Zhi and the Book of Jin are recorded in this way. From these historical documents, we can easily see that the Japanese queen country "Bad Malaysia Thailand" at that time was closely related to the Han culture in the inheritance of national culture!

According to the research of Masaaki Ueda, a leading scholar in the study of ancient Japanese immigration history, the long-term immigration period of ancient Japan was from the third century BC to the seventh century AD, back and forth, and nearly a thousand years. There were four peaks in this period: the first mass migration was in the second and third centuries BC; Secondly, at the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries; Thirdly, from the middle of the fifth century to the beginning of the sixth century; Then there are four stages, such as the middle of the seventh century (note 5). If we compare these four immigration periods with China's past dynasties, it is: the first large-scale immigration began at the turn of Qin and Han Dynasties; Followed by the Wei and Jin Dynasties; Once again for the Northern and Southern Dynasties; Finally, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. This view of Masaaki Ueda points out the international political and social connection of the ancient Northeast Asian immigrant relationship. But it's a pity that he didn't discuss and analyze this further.

The turmoil in the Central Plains has inspired the rise of neighboring nation-states.

The historical relationship between China and China explained an important problem: the political turmoil in the Central Plains of ancient would lead to a large number of group political immigrants directly or indirectly flocking to the surrounding areas. The political immigrants in ancient China had high cultural level and production technology, so they became an excellent medium to spread "China culture". Because the ancient Korean peninsula and Japanese archipelago were still in a sparsely populated, desolate and semi-primitive social state, they also became the trays of political immigrants in China. In ancient China, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the turn of Qin and Han Dynasties, it was the first time in the history of China that there was a long-term turmoil. Since then, political refugees from the Central Plains began to migrate to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is the second long-term turbulent era in the history of China. In that turbulent era, the Central Plains dynasty lost its ability to maintain the international order in East Asia, which led to the rise of minority regimes in the north, northeast and northwest. The so-called five lakes and sixteen countries, the Northern and Southern Dynasties and so on, have been divided for about 400 years! Koguryo, Baekje, Silla, Japan (Japan) and other "nation states" around Northeast Asia were also formed during this period. The formation of the ancient Japanese state can't get rid of the influence of China culture, so the study of the formation of the ancient Japanese state must focus on the historical evolution relationship between China and Northeast Asia.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty colonized the Korean Peninsula, which opened an opportunity for civilized Northeast Asia.

The main media of ancient cultural communication are political conquest, rule and immigration. After the destruction of the Han and Wei regimes in 108 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established four counties in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, including, and began to directly colonize the Korean Peninsula. It opened a direct opportunity for the civilized spread of Han culture on the Korean peninsula, and also promoted the indirect spread of Han culture to the southern tip of the peninsula and the surrounding areas such as the Japanese archipelago. Therefore, about 150 years later, in 57 AD (the second year of Emperor Guangwu's Jianwu Zhongyuan), the "slave country" in northern Kyushu of Japan began to pay tribute to Lelang County, the administrative agency stationed in the peninsula in the Han Dynasty. Please pay attention! The "slave country" in the post-Han period was only a clan and tribal regime, not a mature country, and its tribute only went to Lelang County, where the Han Dynasty ruled the Korean peninsula at that time, not Luoyang City, Kyoto, in the Han Dynasty! This historical fact can basically answer the above question: "During the Han Dynasty, Japanese began to pass through China. How did the Japanese get here without going abroad? " problem Due to the baptism and edification of China culture, it took about 200 years for China's history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" to spread to "Japanese" in Wei Zhi. This indicates that the China Dynasty, as the tributary world center in East Asia at that time, began to recognize the international existence status of the Japanese empress Xie Matai in the tributary system centered on China, and maintained the international order in East Asia at that time. Since the History of the Three Kingdoms, there have been official histories in China, such as The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Book of Jin, The Book of Song, The Book of Southern Qi, Liang Shu, The History of South, The History of North, Sui Shu, The Book of Old Tang, The Book of New Tang and The History of Song.

The embryonic form of the Japanese nation began in the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties.

The Japanese national prototype (Yamato Imperial Court) was formed in the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Judging from the official history of China, the history books before the Book of Jin, including Hanshu, Houhanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms, all refer to Japan as "Japanese" or "Japanese". In the official history after the Book of Song Dynasty, besides Liang Shi, there are southern, northern, old and new Tang books. They all changed their names to "Japanese" or "Japanese" and changed their names to "Japan". Not to mention the official history of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty after the New Tang Book, which are basically called "Japan" or "Japan". In ancient China, the words used by historians were carefully studied, and they changed from "Japanese" or "Japanese" to "Japan" or "Japan" as a political concept, which marked the evolution of the essence of ancient Japanese state system. Therefore, it can be said that the formation stage of the ancient Japanese state is as follows: before the Eastern Jin Dynasty (before the fifth century), Japan was still in the stage of transition from the clan joint regime to the early state; It was from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty (the end of the sixth century) that Japan gradually evolved into a mature country. In the early Tang Dynasty, around the beginning of the seventh century, Japan officially evolved into an independent country recognized by the international community in East Asia. Therefore, the author draws the conclusion that ancient Japan was an "immigrant country" formed during the 400-year turmoil in China, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.