How much territory did the Russians plunder from China? In addition, how was Outer Mongolia divided? It hurts ...

List of Russian and Soviet Occupations of China Territory

1)1On September 7th, 689 (in the 27th year of Kangxi), the Qing government signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu with Russia, ceding about 250,000 square kilometers of China territory west of Outer Xing 'an Mountains and Ergon to Russia.

2)1727 101October 2 1 day (in the fifth year of Yongzheng), the Qing government signed the Chaktu Treaty with Russia, and China's territory south and southwest of Lake Baikal was ceded to Russia.

3) 1790 (55 years of Qianlong), China secretly annexed Sakhalin Island with a territory of about100000 square kilometers.

4) 1840 (twenty years of Daoguang), originally belonging to Kazakhstan, was invaded by Russia, with a country area of about one million square kilometers. Originally, bulut, a land with an area of about100000 square kilometers, was annexed by China.

5) 1854 (the fourth year of Xianfeng), Russia occupied China's territory between the south bank of the lower reaches of the Ili River in Xinjiang and the Chu River, and then extended its aggression to the Jehol (Lake Issyk-Kul) in China. 1854 Fort Villeno, illegally established by Russia, later became an important stronghold of aggression against China. Russian troops forcibly built a 700-kilometer-long fortress line from Villeneo fortress south of Ayagus River, and a large area of northwest China east and south of Balkhash Lake was occupied by Russia.

6) 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng) On May 28th, Tsarist Russia and Yishan, the general of Heilongjiang Province in Manchu Dynasty, signed the Aihui Treaty in Aihui (now Heihe River in Heilongjiang Province), ceding about 600,000 square kilometers of China territory north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains (that is, outer Manchuria) to Russia. The "Love Faint Treaty" was not approved by the Qing government at that time, and was later confirmed in the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty".

7) 1860 1 14 10/4 (Xianfeng decade) China occupied about 430,000 square kilometers of territory near the Huntong River and the Xingkai Lake to the east of the Wusuli River. Afterwards, Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty to recognize it.

After 8) 1864 (three years of Tongzhi), tsarist Russia occupied the territory of northwest China, that is, it was about 430,000 square kilometers from Saudi Arabia to Baja to Qingling, and tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to sign border agreements such as the Tacheng Border Treaty to recognize it.

9) 1868 (the seventh year of Tongzhi), an area of about one million square kilometers belonged to the Bukhar khanate and was invaded by Russia.

10) 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), originally a vast China with an area of about 350,000 square kilometers, was annexed by Russia.

11)1881year (the seventh year of Guangxu), Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Ili Treaty, ceding the shadow of Tianshan Mountain in the southwest of Ili, covering an area of about 20,000 square kilometers, from Halleck Mountain Pass to Calda in the northwest of Ili.

12) 1883 (the ninth year of Guangxu), Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Kobdo Talbahatai Border Treaty, ceding about 20,000 square kilometers of China territory near the Irtysh River and Zhaisanpo.

13) 1895 (in the 21st year of Guangxu), the Pamir region in the westernmost part of Xinjiang Province, covering an area of about 10,000 square kilometers, was divided between Russia and Britain.

14) 1900, Russia occupied 64 villages (3,600 square kilometers) in Jiangdong, north of Heilongjiang, and the military leaders in Amur region dispatched a large number of military and police officers, creating the appalling Hailan cannon and the 64 village massacre in Jiangdong. 64 Tunxiang in Jiangdong is under the jurisdiction of China, but Russia has always been ambitious about this place and has been moving here. From July, 65438 to July, 20, 900, Tsar Nicholas II ordered the Russian army to set fire to houses in 64 Tun, Jiangdong, killing China residents, and more than 7,000 China residents were driven into Heilongjiang and drowned or tragically killed by the Russian army. 64 Tun in Jiangdong was forcibly occupied by Russian troops. After the Treaty of Love, this territory reserved for China and cultivated by the people of China was forcibly occupied by Russia.

On July 1900 and 16, the Russian army suddenly rounded up thousands of China people who were doing business and working in Hailan Gun (Blagoveshchensk). They were driven to the river and chopped with knives and axes, and most of them were killed. Russian troops carried out four massacres in Hailanpao, opposite Heihe Town, Jihui County, killing 7,000 people in China. On August 4th, Russian troops occupied Ji Hui again, burning the ancient city of Ji Hui into ruins, and thousands of China residents were burned alive. At the same time, China also cruelly treated Russian farmers, businessmen and Chinese workers who were recruited to Siberia to build railways and open gold mines. They lived in places such as Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadnezzar), Berry (Khabarovsk) and Vladivostok. General Ceng Qi in Shengjing's memorial said that Russia "killed more than 100,000 China people in Russia" and "massacred to the extreme". Jin Chang, deputy commander-in-chief of Shengjing, also reported that the Russians in China were "shot, flooded and burned, with more than 200,000 people". The heinous and bloody crimes committed by Russia in Hailanpao and sixty-four villages in Jiangdong have been condemned by world public opinion. In order to hide people's eyes and ears, Russia pretended to investigate the criminal evidence, and the military court held a hearing at 1902, believing that Gerry Butch should be responsible for this incident, but in view of his past "achievements", he was not investigated and transferred to the General Staff. Other officials relented, and the massacre that shocked the world ended hastily.

15)1900165438+10, the Russian invaders who participated in Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, after sending troops to invade Northeast China, coerced the representative of General Shengjing of Qing Dynasty to sign the so-called agreement on June 5438+065438+ 10. It is stipulated that Russian troops should be stationed in Shengjing and other places; China's army will be dispersed and its weapons will be confiscated; Demolition of battery, camp and powder magazine; Russia has set up a general manager in Shengjing and expects to go public; China will set up a "ma bu" or horse stance just look patrol, the number of which will be decided by both parties. Tsarist Russia tried to control the whole northeast of China.

16)19112 In February, Wuchang Uprising was successful, and Manchu rule in China fell apart. The Russian army took the opportunity to occupy the living Buddha Kulun (now Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) in Zhebuzengdanba, declared the "independence" of outer Mongolia, and expelled the Qing government's work in outer Mongolia.

19 12 years, after the regime of the Republic of China was transferred from Sun Yat-sen to Yuan Shikai, it began arduous negotiations with Russia. Finally, Russia was forced to give in and recognized Outer Mongolia as a part of China, provided that Outer Mongolia was "autonomous". In other words, Outer Mongolia still belongs to China in name.

19 19, the Duan government in charge of China's political situation sent its right-hand man Xu Shuzheng to lead the troops into outer Mongolia and return Mongolia to the motherland.

1920, Anhui warlord Duan stepped down, and Outer Mongolia also entered a state of chaos. The Russian Enqin white bandits who were driven to Outer Mongolia by the Soviet Red Army colluded with the upper governors of Outer Mongolia and attacked the China garrison. China was outnumbered and forced to leave Cullen (now Ulaanbaatar). Some of them returned to the mainland, and some moved to the trading city, ready to fight again.

192 1 year, the troops of the Mongolian People's Party, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army, began to attack the Russian troops in Shangcheng. Unfortunately, China's army was defeated and forced to withdraw from the Trade City.

192 1 in may, the Soviet red army entered outer Mongolia and defeated the enkin bandits outside the trade city. In July of the same year, the upper Mongolian princes and the Mongolian People's Party formed the "Mongolian People's Revolutionary Government". The news that Outer Mongolia declared "independence" and established "Mongolia" spread to Chinese mainland. At that time, public opinion was in uproar, and various civil organizations and democratic parties in China issued declarations in succession, opposing the perverse actions of Mongolian princes and nobles to split the motherland and condemning the Soviet Union's armed occupation of China's outer Mongolia. Cao Kun and Wu, important figures in the Beijing government, issued a strongly worded statement, denouncing the attempts of outer Mongolia to split the Republic of China and refusing to recognize its "independence".

17) 192 1 (in the tenth year of the Republic of China), Soviet Russia instigated Dongnu Liang Hai to become independent from China and formally invaded Dongnu Liang Hai in 1944 (in the thirty-third year of the Republic of China), with a total area of about 170,000 square kilometers.

18) 1929 When Stalin was in power, the Soviet Red Army invaded the northeast, competed for the Middle East Railway (Harbin-Dalian Line), defeated the defenders of China and occupied Heixiazi Island.

19) 1944 as soon as Stalin came to power, he forcibly incorporated the Tangnu Wulianghai area of China into the Soviet Union and renamed it "the Republic of Tuva Soviet Socialist Autonomy * * *". In 200 1 year, China and Russia signed the treaty of good-neighborliness, friendship and cooperation, officially recognizing Tang Di as Russian territory (article 6 of the treaty), and the land of170,000 square kilometers was finally owned by Russians.

20) Yalta Conference to End World War II, 1945 (thirty-four years of the Republic of China) in February. The important topic of the United States and Britain is to win the Soviet Union's participation in the war against Japan, thus reducing its own losses. But in order to achieve this goal, they did not hesitate to betray China's interests, agreed to the unreasonable demands of the Soviet Union, and accepted the status quo of Outer Mongolia, that is, recognized and asked the China government to recognize "Mongolian people and country". The deal was actually between Roosevelt and Stalin. 1945, 14 In August, the Kuomintang government and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, officially recognizing the "Mongolian People's Republic". This huge price finally brought the Soviet Union to send troops to the northeast of China. In the same year 10, outer Mongolia held a so-called referendum (Soviet troops also participated in the voting) and declared the independence of outer Mongolia. Outer Mongolia covers an area of 654.38+0.566 square kilometers.

To sum up, by the end of 1945, Russia and the Soviet Union had occupied the territory of China, with a total area of 5,883,880 square kilometers, accounting for 60% of the present land area of China.