Who knows Chaoshan?

In a big way, the prehistoric primitive inhabitants in Chaoshan area are the same as those in the south. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, due to the destruction of Wu by Gou Jian, the revitalization of Yue State and the domination of Jiangdong, the Na people began to collectively refer to it as "Yue". Later, the Yue people were divided into Yuyue, Dongyue, Min Yue, YueYang, South Vietnam and Max Loehr. Chaoshan should belong to South Vietnam. Since the Qin dynasty, there have been large-scale immigrants to the south. Due to the continuous sinicization, most tribes of the Yue people gradually merged with the unified Chinese nation. The backbone of Chaoshan people is the so-called "Fulao" who moved from Fujian, among which Putian is the most, and the other backbone of Chaoshan is the "Helao" who moved directly from Shanxi and Henan. Therefore, the Chaoshan people live together with the Hakka people, but the Fulao people are in the majority. Chaoshan local culture is an integral part of Chinese national culture. Very distinctive, very rich and diverse. Chaoshan culture has a long history and wants to inherit the Central Plains culture. Since the Tang Dynasty, celebrities and ministers have come in droves, contributing to the local cultural and educational undertakings and economic development, and also making Chaoshan a thriving scene of "prosperous surnames and a banquet for deer". At that time, outstanding people and celebrities came forth in large numbers, and they were called "Zou Lu on the seashore". Every hipster always shows the characteristics and influence of local culture, whether in thought, language or action. Therefore, with their own migration, it is inevitable and obvious for hipsters to spread local culture. When hipsters go abroad, the first thing they take out is language and culture. Chaoshan dialect is the most popular. Where there is seawater, there are hipsters, and where there are hipsters, there is no doubt about the existence and inheritance of Chaoshan dialect. As long as there are overseas hipsters, they are closely related to their ancestral home. As one of the characteristics of hipsters, Chaoshan dialect will spread, which is beyond doubt. The deep expression of Chaoshan culture is chaozhou people's cultural mentality, that is, chaozhou people's way of thinking, human body concept and code of conduct. This is manifested in the spirit of Chaozhou businessmen who are famous for their good management. On the other hand, the cultural mentality of hipsters is a high cohesion that many foreigners pay attention to. The establishment and development of overseas hipsters' associations is the concentrated expression of hipsters' high cohesion. Overseas hipsters take the same cultural mentality as the spiritual core, and social organizations such as hometown associations, clan associations, guilds and guilds founded by blood ties, geography, industry and material have played a very important role. The Chaozhou Dialect International Conference held alternately every two years is the only friendship year in the world so far. The leaders of the hipsters from the host countries gather together, and their cohesion can be said to be a banner for hipsters to spread their ancestral culture. Visible and audible cultural communication is the spread of Chaozhou opera and Chaozhou music. About 100 years ago, Chaozhou opera spread to Southeast Asian countries with the footsteps of hipsters. Domestic Chaozhou opera draws lessons from overseas, which makes the stage of Chaozhou opera full of vitality. Chaozhou music has been handed down by overseas hipsters, just like Chaozhou opera, and because there are many musical instruments, it has a special tone and melody, and it plays melodiously and rhythmically, especially percussion instruments such as gongs and leather drums, which are loved by all parties. Chaozhou tea and congou tea are rich in characteristics, and they are popular in the places where the hipsters arrive, especially in Nanyang. A cup of congou tea has made many overseas travelers dream of their hometown, and also made many Chaoshan people feel their hometown. How many beautiful and moving stories are brewed in a cup of thick congou tea. Although it is not wine, it is better than wine, and many people are intoxicated by it. Li Shuguang, a poet, once sang loudly: "It's an old ballad. Simple folks hold you up/hold your sincerity and love for life/hold you up by your overseas sons/hold up your lingering attachment to your hometown/have a cup of kung fu tea." A cup of kungfu tea embodies the virtue of humility and comity of Chaoshan people. A cup of kungfu tea can also reflect the love of Chaoshan people. Every time you enter the door, the host will immediately brew Kung Fu tea, a cup of fragrant Kung Fu tea and some warm words to drive away your fatigue and bring you warmth. Du Xiaoshan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Tea is wine when guests come on a cold night." Zheng Banqiao also said, "I like a cool dinner and a pot of new tea soaked in pineapple." It can be said that tea is fragrant, fragrant all over the world, and human feelings are warm and cold. Drinking a cup of Chaoshan kungfu tea and enjoying many warm feelings are memorable. In addition, schools, newspapers, bookstores, theaters, music, sports and other art groups run by hipsters have caused wider cultural promotion and exchange, but their influence on the culture of the host country is subtle and invisible. Out of a strong local concept, many overseas hipsters consciously keep their hometown eating habits and ask their children to speak Chaozhou dialect at home. All ethnic groups will build altars to worship the gods of their ancestors, and some families will also worship gods, buddhas, bodhisattvas, etc. This is also a personal cultural exchange. The influence of Chaoshan culture on hipster countries, especially Southeast Asian countries, can also be seen from people's vocabulary, diet, customs, architectural design, artistic hobbies and so on. The types and distribution of traditional buildings in Chaoshan reflect the customs, social forms and cultural qualities of Chaoshan people, and have the following important characteristics: First, strengthen the ritual system. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the feudal etiquette system has penetrated into all aspects of society in Chaoshan area, and the first manifestation in architecture is the wanton construction of clan ancestral halls in urban and rural areas. After a large number of southern immigrants entered the tide, they lived to settle down and start a business. The ancestral temple has become a place to contact people's religious activities and a window to measure their religious strength. Therefore, people all over the country have to spend huge sums of money to build ancestral temples. Another kind of ancestral temple is the Temple of Famous Sages, which not only worships the sages of the family, but also worships the famous sages who have entered the tide. It promotes virtue and educates future generations by worshipping iodoform figures of feudal ethics. A large number of archways built in urban and rural areas show that the feudal etiquette instilled by the rulers has penetrated into all parts of the people, especially in Chaozhou City, the center of regional feudal rule. The number and dense distribution of archways are rare in China. The orderly arrangement of archways has built a long corridor to publicize feudal ethics. Among all the archways, Jiefangfang is the biggest one. The traditional concept of Chaozhou women seems to be particularly strong. To outsiders, Chaozhou women are particularly virtuous, meticulous and attach importance to chastity. The reason is that there are too many people, men go out to do business or farm on very limited arable land to make a living, and women's activities are limited to the small world of their families. In order to maintain the order of clan rule, feudalism also imposed strict imprisonment on women. Second, pay attention to feng shui. The study of Feng Shui originated in the Central Plains, and entered Lingnan after the Song Dynasty, where it was very active. It is superstition that architecture pays attention to geomantic omen, but it cannot be denied that it has reasonable factors to adapt to the natural environment, pay attention to the study of health preservation and coordinate with the environment. Due to the humid climate in Lingnan, people are prone to get sick, ancient Yue witchcraft prevails, commodity economy is active, opportunities are many and risks are great, and various objective factors make geomantic learning popular, and tidal land is no exception. Third, cultural accumulation. In religious culture, temples of all sizes in Chaoshan area depict the long-term spread of Buddhism in Chaoshan area. In terms of people's feelings and customs, as mentioned above, paying attention to feng shui and attaching importance to ancestral temples are all reflections of the trend society and folk consciousness. In terms of literature and art, the exquisite and elegant wood carving, stone carving, porcelain inlay and clay sculpture in architecture are all fine works of folk art creation. The Chaoshan architectural features mentioned above refer to traditional features. With the development of society and the acceleration and expansion of cultural exchanges, the personality of architecture is gradually disappearing or changing. There is an important difference between Chaoshan people and people in many other places: they completely abandon the realistic spirit of fantasy and rely entirely on themselves, neither on the sky nor on the ground. If you want to find a job, look for the market, not the mayor. The unique concept of "what to wait for" in the planned economy era has little to do with them. In such a place where there is not much industry and land (it is said that the per capita land in Chaoshan area has only been 3 points for a long time, but now I am afraid it is even less), in my opinion, it is a miracle to support so many people through such a long and severe period (Chaoshan area is one of the areas with the highest population density in China, and Chaoyang City is the most populous county in China, a small county-level city with more than 2 million people). What Chaoshan people's tenacious survival ability shows is their flexibility and ability to get opportunities. Their ability to find opportunities, seize opportunities and create opportunities seems to be innate. Almost everyone in Chaoshan has a strong sense of life. In terms of opening to the outside world, Shantou can be listed as one of the earliest places in China. As early as 186 1 year, Shantou became one of the earliest four foreign trade ports in China under the oppression of western powers. The most popular quotation is that Engels once listed Shantou as "one of the few commercial cities in the Far East" in an article. Since then, Shantou's door has been opened to the world, and it was only after the drastic changes in the situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait that the situation changed. When China's national policy changed dramatically again, Shantou was the luckiest city to open to the outside world and one of the earliest special zones in China. In terms of open policy, Shantou is ahead. It can be said that as a city, like Shantou, it is rare in the whole country to open its ports before setting up the city and then bathe in the open sunshine. However, in China, which has always been the most open city, there is an incredible disproportion phenomenon: extremely closed. There is a historical background here. Shantou, located in Chaoshan plain, is surrounded by mountains on three sides and the sea on one side, which blocks the connection between Shantou and the mainland. For a long time, the traffic here is extremely inconvenient. Before the 1990s, there was only one way to contact the provincial capital cities in China, and it took more than 10 hours to get to Guangzhou by car. The land is impassable and the sea is unimpeded. It is a normal way of life for Shantou people to make a living in the angry sea, so it is also a normal way of life for Shantou people to go to Nanyang after the opening of the sea ban. In addition, some traffickers also plundered a large number of Chaoshan people and sold them to Southeast Asia as coolies, making Chaoshan people blossom everywhere in the world, mainly in Southeast Asia. An incomplete statement is that the number of Chaoshan people overseas is similar to that of Chaoshan people in China. It is said that Chaoshan dialect is a very popular language in Bangkok, Thailand, which shows that there are many Chaoshan people in Bangkok. In Shantou, almost every household has one or two relatives overseas. The special geographical environment makes the Chaoshan area basically isolated from the vast inland areas for a long time. although

Due to the inconvenient transportation, communication with other parts of the province is often very small. Due to long-term isolation, although there are neither ethnic minorities nor different races here, all of them are Han people, and all use Chinese, Chaoshan area is very different from other areas of Han people in language, customs and even ways of thinking, which almost constitutes a unique nation. Some experts in linguistics and folklore, after studying the humanities in Chaoshan, once exclaimed that this is the most complete place for the preservation of China culture in the Central Plains of Tang and Song Dynasties. The Chaoshan dialect here still retains the ancient sounds of the Central Plains in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and some ancient Chinese that no longer exists in modern Chinese are still common in Chaoshan dialect. Chaoshan's unique music, drama and customs all show profound ancient charm. According to research, the ancestors of Chaoshan people first came from Henan, Shanxi and other places, passed through Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, and settled in their present location. Geography closed Chaoshan, made Chaoshan unique, and finally made Chaoshan people emerge as an independent ethnic group in China and even the world. They have a strong sense of self-identity. It is said that two Chaoshan people can tell each other by their sense of smell. Good natural conditions, far from war, make Chaoshan people live a relatively comfortable life for a long time. This can be seen from the fact that the population reproduction in Chaoshan area is much higher than that in other areas. Chaoshan people's industrious nature has also created a large number of overseas business celebrities. All these have laid a solid psychological foundation for Chaoshan people to adhere to their uniqueness. Chaoshan people's sense of superiority and pride can only be seen when I walk across the Yangtze River.