Which dialect system preserved in China today is closest to the official language "Yayan" in the Spring and Autumn Period?

among several major modern Chinese dialects in China, the northern dialect can be regarded as the development of ancient Chinese in the vast northern region after thousands of years

, while the other dialects are gradually formed by the continuous southward migration of northern residents in history.

in the early Jiangnan area, it was mainly the residence of the Guyue people, who used Guyue language, which was far from ancient Chinese and could not talk. Later, the Han people in the north

went south several times on a large scale, bringing the ancient northern Chinese in different periods and spreading it to various regions in the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming six dialects that are obviously different from each other step by step. There are three reasons for the differences among dialects: first, before the northern Chinese and the southern ancient Vietnamese came into contact with each other, they had their own regional dialects; Second, the time for northern Chinese to go south is different, so natural Chinese itself is different. Third, the southern dialects developed in a certain unique environment.

(1) Northern dialect (that is, Mandarin)

Northern dialect accounts for three quarters of the total population of the Han nationality. It is located in the north-south cultural line (Tongzhou County East-Nantong City East-Yangtze River-Jing

Jiangxian County North-Yangtze River-Zhenjiang City East-Danyang County West-Jintan County West-Liyang County West-Lishui County South-Gaochun County North-Guangde

County-Langxi County-Xuancheng City-Wuhu County North-Fanchang County-Nanling County East-Tongling County.

all Han residential areas in the north of Xiangxian-Changde-Yuanjiang-Huaihua-Jingzhou-Tongdao-Yongzhou-Chenzhou-Guilin East-Hezhou-Liuzhou South-

Hechi South-Baise). Mandarin is generally divided into six regions, namely, Northern Mandarin, Qin Jin Dialect,

Lanyin Mandarin, Central Plains Mandarin (Central Mandarin), Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin.

Northern Mandarin is divided into Jiaoliao Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and northeastern mandarin. Jiaoliao Mandarin is distributed in Shandong Semi-Island and Liaodong Peninsula. Jilu Mandarin is distributed in Hebei Province, western Shandong Province and Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia. Beijing Mandarin is distributed in Beijing, northern Hebei Province and Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. Northeastern mandarin is distributed in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, northern Liaoning Province and ancient northeast Inner Mongolia.

Before the Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffment of Yan State, Beijing residents spoke Donghu branch of Mongolian group of Altai language family. Later, due to the entry of the Yellow Emperor, Huang

was later divided into Ji (now Guang 'anmen, Xuanwu District, Beijing), and Beijing began to speak the Longzhong dialect (the language of the Yellow Emperor) in Tianshui. Especially

after the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the imperial clan was divided into Yan (now Liulihe, Fangshan District, Beijing), Yan gradually became stronger, and most of Donghu was driven away.

Beijing began to speak Baoji's Guanzhong dialect (Zhou language, similar to Yandi language). Since then, Beijing has also been inhabited by Han < P > ethnic groups and Mongolian ethnic groups (Wuhuan, Xianbei and Qidan), so the brand of Donghu in Beijing Mandarin has gradually emerged, while the color of Guan < P > has gradually faded. In Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of ethnic minorities took Beijing as their capital and immigrated in the army for four

hundred and thirty years. The Beijing Mandarin, a Chinese language, deepened its contact with Altai language family and strengthened its contact with northeastern mandarin. On the contrary, it was completely separated from the original Mandarin in Chinese

language, and the Beijing Mandarin in an open environment developed rapidly, becoming the Chinese with the smallest differences within dialects, the simplest phonetic structure and the least ancient sounds. After the recovery of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, more than 1.3 million Han people from all over the country immigrated to the ruined Beijing. Due to the different origins of Han people at that time, Han immigrants all used Yuan Dadu dialect, which was used by the Han indigenous people in Beijing, as a common language. Yuan Dadu dialect is basically no different from the current Beijing Mandarin. Since then, with the political and economic concentration of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of ancient Chinese literary works have been produced and spread. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing pronunciation has finally replaced the standard Chinese pronunciation of

Central Plains Yayin. "May 4th Movement" combined the spread of vernacular Chinese with the promotion of Beijing pronunciation

, and vernacular Chinese replaced the position of classical Chinese in written language, and a standardized modern Chinese language * * * with

(Beijing pronunciation) was basically formed. In the Republic of China, the same language of Han nationality was called "Mandarin", while that of New China was called "Mandarin". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Beijing Mandarin has spread to Brzin, Fuyun, Fuhai, Habahe and Jimunai in Altay, Xinjiang, Tori and Buxair in Tacheng, Shihezi and Karamay, and bohu county in the northeast of Korla.

after the warring States period, a large number of Chinese people from Yan moved to the northeast, and Wei Man, a Yan man, took Chinese immigrants from the northeast to Korea to build a country

. After Yongjia Rebellion, a large number of Han people in Beijing moved to the northeast, but by the end of the Tang Dynasty, they were all assimilated by other nationalities. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period,

the Khitans plundered a large number of Beijingers, and the Beijing Mandarin spoken by the Han people in the northeast laid the foundation for the development of northeastern mandarin.

In p>1122, the nomads occupied Beijing and plundered all the people in Beijing to the northeast. These Beijingers came to Beijing earlier than the Liao Dynasty.