The pros and cons of the Three Gorges Dam

The benefits of the Three Gorges Project are mainly concentrated in flood control, power generation and shipping.

The Three Gorges Project can prevent floods and control floods very effectively. China has a very typical southeast monsoon climate, with rainfall The distribution is very uneven. The Yangtze River is also an above-ground river from Yibin to Wuhan. In the past two thousand years, a flood occurred less than once every ten years. The 1998 flood is still fresh in everyone's memory. After the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the huge regulating storage capacity can be very effectively improved. The flood control standards of the lower reaches can also effectively delay river sedimentation. The first is flood control. Flood control is a very necessary measure for the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. The plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the essence of industry and agriculture in China. However, the ground is generally lower than the flood level 6 -17 meters, all protected by embankments with a total length of more than 33,000 kilometers. Ancient floods in the Yangtze River are so frequent that they occur about once every 10 years, and the floods are very powerful. After the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, it can control the once-in-a-century flood and ensure the safety of the middle and lower reaches. In the event of a once-in-a-thousand-year event In the event of a flood, cooperation with flood diversion zones can avoid the hazard of dam damage. History will prove that the Yangtze Three Gorges Project directly ensures nearly 23 million acres of cultivated land and 15 million people's lives and property in the middle and lower reaches of the flood control system, as well as the Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kowloon Railways. The patron saint of arterial safety. The history of China is the history of river control. Without control of floods, the country cannot be stabilized. In other words, there is no Three Gorges Project. When the Three Gorges Project is being demonstrated, other aspects can still be replaced, but flood control cannot be replaced. Yes, if the Three Gorges Project Department built it, we would have no effective means of flood control, and humans and nature in the Jianghan area would not be able to live in harmony.

After the Three Gorges Dam was built, the surging river water would work for the Three Gorges Hydropower Station and generate electricity. It also counter-regulates the shipping cascade between the Three Gorges and Gezhouba Dam, and then generates power for the Gezhouba Hydropower Station. The total annual power generation of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba Dam will reach 105 billion kilowatt-hours. If the electricity price is 0.1 yuan per kilowatt-hour, the annual present value will be 10.5 billion yuan. ; If the output value of electricity per kilowatt hour is 5 yuan, it can create an additional output value of 525 billion yuan for the country every year; if the per capita annual output value is 10,000 yuan, 5.25 million people can be employed. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is located in the hinterland of China, reaching all major loads across the country. The transmission distance of the center is about 1,000 kilometers, and it will be the center for major power grids in the country in the future. After the power grid is connected, it can not only complement the country's thermal, water, and nuclear power, but also greatly improve the quality and efficiency of the power grid operation. Therefore, the Three Gorges Hydropower Station , will be the future power dispatching center of our country.

The construction of the Three Gorges Project should be said to be a golden opportunity for the reservoir area with inconvenient transportation and relatively backward economic development. The 660-kilometer Yi-Chongqing River section is very different. Rice. There are more than 100 beach hazards, dozens of them on a single sailing section, and dozens of sections where heavy-loaded freighters need to be towed. The annual one-way shipping capacity is less than 10 million tons. After the Three Gorges dam is built, all beach hazards will be submerged. , single voyage section and towing section, the channel will be much wider, the 10,000-ton fleet will reach the river and the sea, the shipping cost can be greatly reduced, and the annual one-way shipping capacity will exceed 50 million tons. Then, the golden waterway that traverses the east and west of China The formation of the Three Gorges Project is very beneficial to the development and prosperity of the economy from both sides of the Yangtze River to the coastal areas.

In addition, the Three Gorges Project also has great benefits for the environment, South-to-North Water Diversion, aquaculture and other aspects.

< p> However, it takes such a long time for a decision to be made, and the influencing factors cannot be ignored. The main obstacles to the construction of the Three Gorges Project are the protection of cultural relics and historic sites, ecological protection, and large-scale immigration.

< p> It has been confirmed that there are a huge number of cultural relics buried in the Three Gorges area, many of which are extremely precious and have never been discovered before. However, it is impossible to have enough time between the start of the Three Gorges Project and the filling of the water. Dig out these precious cultural relics. According to reports, the cultural relics that were actually excavated accounted for only one-tenth of the total, which means that 90% of the precious cultural relics were buried at the bottom of the river. This is very sad. There are also some scenic spots and historic sites along the Three Gorges River such as Zhangfei Temple that have to be submerged in the river. This is a great damage to Chinese history and culture.

In terms of ecology, due to the Three Gorges Project The construction of the Three Gorges Project will have a large-scale impact on the local ecology, such as the destruction of local vegetation, climate change, and a huge impact on various animals and plants. According to relevant reports, due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the nearby climate has An abnormality has occurred. It is still very cold when it should be getting warmer. There are also a lot of landslides in some places, which is probably related to the Three Gorges Project. Some organisms, such as fish, have changed their living environment due to water storage and other reasons, causing reproduction and other problems. Impact.

There is also large-scale immigration. People who originally lived in the Three Gorges area have to give up the place where they have lived for generations and go to a new environment. Social problems caused by immigration such as how to resettle Resettlement and resettlement should not be ignored.

Every public policy decision is made based on the theory at the time, but the actual effect cannot be accurately predicted at the time. The actual quality or badness may be an assessment of the rightness or wrongness of this decision. It has been more than ten years since the construction of the Three Gorges Project. Judging from the current situation, the poor construction of the Three Gorges Project is still relatively minor. Less, and its benefits are gradually emerging. From practice, we can see that the original decision was reasonable and scientific. We hope that in the future, this conclusion will still hold true, and the Three Gorges Project will bring us more and more It has many benefits and promotes economic development, social prosperity and national prosperity.

In short, the benefits are flood control, power generation, improved shipping, environmental improvement, south-to-north water diversion, and aquaculture

The disadvantage is destruction Cultural relics, impact on the ecological environment, and resettlement issues