The most in the world

World High Temperature Pole: The highest record in Basra (Iraq): 63℃

World Cold Pole: The lowest record near the South Pole is -94.5℃

World wet pole: waialeale (an island in the Pacific Ocean) has an average annual rainfall of 335 days, with annual precipitation of12244 mm.

World dry pole: The average annual precipitation in Atacama Desert (South America) is less than 0. 1mm, and there is no rain from 1845 to 1936.

World Rain Pole: annual precipitation in Kirabangi (India) 10842mm, 186 1 annual precipitation of 20447mm.

The highest mountain: Mount Everest (8844.43 meters above sea level).

The highest mountain range in the world: Himalayas (above 7000 meters above sea level)

The thickest in the world: Mount Chimborazo (central Ecuador, South America) is 6384.438+0 km from the center of the earth to the top of the mountain.

The highest peak of the structure from the bottom to the top: Monaque Asia (Hawaiian Island, 4205 meters above sea level, 5998 meters under the sea, total height 10203 meters).

The largest mountain and volcano on earth: Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, with an altitude of 4 169 meters and a volcanic volume of 75,000 cubic kilometers).

The highest volcano and extinct volcano on the earth: Aconcagua Mountain (6960 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the southwest hemisphere).

The highest active volcano on earth: Ojos del salado (6893m above sea level).

The highest mountain on the island: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea, 4884 meters above sea level).

The highest and largest mountain and volcano known in the solar system: Mount Olympus (Mars, about 27 kilometers high).

Longest land mountain system: Andes (7500 km long)

The longest undersea mountain range: mid-ocean ridge (80,000 kilometers long).

Lowest volcano: Gexi volcano (Gexi volcano in Japan, 1 12m high).

The longest mountain system: Cordillera Mountain System.

The largest crater: Mount Asu (perimeter100km, Japan).

Volcano with the most eruption times: Mount Etna (2 10, Italy).

islands

The largest island: Greenland (area 2 166086 square kilometers).

The largest island in the river: Bananal Island (Tocantins, Brazil, covering an area of 20,000 square kilometers).

The largest island in the lake: Manitulin Island (Lake Huron, covering an area of 2,766 square kilometers).

Island in the largest freshwater lake: Manitu Island.

The largest island in the lake: Samosir (Lake Doba, Sumatra, with an area of 520 square kilometers).

The largest crater-shaped island in the lake: René-Le Vasseur Island (Quebec, with an area of 2,020 square kilometers).

The largest sand island: Fenser Island (Queensland, Australia, with an area of 65,438+0,630 square kilometers).

The largest island completely surrounded by fresh water: Marajo Island (the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil, with an area of 40 100 square kilometers).

The largest estuarine alluvial island and the largest sand island: Chongming Island (area 1.200 km2).

The highest island: New Guinea (puncak jaya on the island is 4884 meters above sea level).

The most populous island: Java (population1240,000)

Island with the highest population density: Ap Chau (population density reaches 68,200 people per square kilometer).

The largest archipelago: Malay archipelago (consisting of more than 13000 islands in Indonesia and more than 7000 islands in the Philippines).

The largest peninsula: Arabian Peninsula (with an area of about 3.22 million square kilometers).

The largest coral reef group: the Great Barrier Reef

The only island belonging to the three countries: kalimantan island (Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia)

The shortest island on earth: Nauru (only 1.3% of people on the island can live to 60 years old).

lake

The largest lake and saltwater lake: Caspian Sea (area 37 1 1,000 square kilometers).

The largest freshwater lake: Lake Superior (North America)

The largest freshwater body: the Great Lakes of North America (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario).

The largest artificial lake and reservoir: Walter Reservoir (Ghana, with an area of 8,502 square kilometers).

The largest lake on the island: Manitu Lake (Lake Huron, area 104 square kilometers).

Deepest lake and freshwater lake: Lake Baikal (deepest water depth 1 640m).

The deepest saltwater lake: Dead Sea (water depth 330 meters)

The highest lake and saltwater lake: Namco (elevation 4718m).

The highest freshwater lake: Mafamacuo Lake (4585 meters above sea level).

The lowest lake: Dead Sea (the lake is -392m above sea level, which is the lowest point where land has been exposed).

The highest lake and freshwater lake: Lake Titicaca (the lake is 3812m above sea level).

The saltiest lake: Dead Sea (the salinity of the lake reaches 300‰, which is 8.6 times that of ordinary seawater).

The oldest lake: Lake Baikal (which has existed on the earth for more than 25 million years)

Lake with the largest storage capacity, inland lake and saltwater lake: Caspian Sea (volume 78,200 cubic kilometers).

The freshwater lake with the largest storage capacity: Lake Baikal (volume 23,600 cubic kilometers).

Man-made lake with the largest water storage capacity: Bratsk Reservoir (Russia, volume 169 cubic kilometers).

The asphalt lake with the largest asphalt storage capacity: Beach Lake (Trinidad and Tobago, with an area of 0.4 square kilometers and asphalt content of120,000 tons. )

The largest freshwater lake group: the Great Lakes of North America (with a total area of 245,000 square kilometers).

The most peculiar lake in water type: Balkhash Lake (semi-fresh water, general salt water)

river

The longest river: the longest inland river of the Nile: Volga River (Europe, the whole (total length: 667 1km).

3690 kilometers long)

Longest outflow river: Nile (from kagera river, Africa, 66,765,438+0km).

The shortest river: the Luo River in Montana, USA (the total length is only 6 1 m) (controversial).

The largest river in the basin: Amazon River (with an area of 7.05 million square kilometers).

The river with the largest flow: Amazon River (the flow reaches 222,440 cubic meters per second, accounting for 20% of the world's river flow).

The river with the highest sediment concentration: Yellow River (the highest sediment concentration recorded in 1977 is 920kg/m3).

The river that flows through the most countries: Danube (from western Europe to eastern Europe flows through 18 countries).

The longest canal: Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (full length 1, 747 km).

The earliest canal: the ancient Suez Canal (built in19th century BC, completed in the first 500 years, destroyed in the 8th century and rebuilt in19th century). )

The longest river with the highest elevation: Yarlung Zangbo River (the average elevation of the riverbed is above 3000 meters).

ocean

The largest ocean: Pacific Ocean (area179.687 million square kilometers, north-south length about 15900 kilometers, and east-west longest about 19900 kilometers).

The smallest ocean: Arctic Ocean (area 1.4056 million square kilometers).

Deepest ocean: Pacific Ocean (average depth is 4028m, the deepest point is Mariana Trench 1 1034m).

The shallowest ocean: Arctic Ocean (average depth 1200m, the deepest point of Nansen Basin is 5449m).

The largest sea: Coral Sea (with an area of 4.79 million 1 10,000 square kilometers)

Deepest sea: New Hebri Trench (deepest 9175m).

The smallest sea: Malahi, Maldives (area 1 1.350 km2).

The shallowest sea: Azov Sea (the average depth is only 13m, and the deepest is only 15.3m).

The saltiest sea: the Red Sea (the salinity in the north is 42‰, which is much higher than the world average salinity of 35‰).

Lightest sea: Baltic Sea (the salinity of seawater is only 7-8 ‰, and the salinity of each bay is even lower, only 2%).

Sea with the most islands: Baltic Sea (about 6,500 islands)

The oldest ocean: the Mediterranean Sea

The least living ocean: the Black Sea

Ocean with the most coastal countries: Caribbean Sea (20)

The clearest sea: the sargasso sea (up to 72 meters visually, and the only sea without coastline).

The warmest sea: the Red Sea.

The ocean with the most islands, bays, trenches and volcanoes: the Pacific Ocean.

The youngest ocean: Red Sea (40 million years)

upland

The largest plateau: Brazil Plateau (with an area of about 5 million square kilometers).

The highest plateau: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (with an average elevation of 4,000 meters).

The largest aeolian plateau: Loess Plateau

Canyon; split

The largest canyon on earth: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (the Yarlung Zangbo River in Asia, 496.3 kilometers long).

The deepest canyon on earth: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (average depth of 5000m, deepest depth of 5382m).

The largest known canyon in the solar system: Mariner Valley (Mars, 4500 km long, 200 km wide and 1 1 km deep).

The longest Grand Canyon: Nujiang Grand Canyon (more than 600 kilometers long)

The largest rift zone: the Great Rift Valley in East Africa (the deepest part is 2,000 meters, with a total length of more than 6,400 kilometers, which is equivalent to 1/6 of the circumference of the earth, and is called "the biggest scar on the earth").