Guards and military households in Guide House in Ming Dynasty and Shangqiu in Henan Province today

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, after a long period of war, the fields in the Central Plains were deserted, and there were few household registrations left. In order to recover the wounds of the war as soon as possible, in the early Ming Dynasty, * * * constantly moved people here, and established angel lee, set up a health clinic and implemented a military camp. When a large number of military wasteland was reclaimed, it was the huge local military system of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Wei Institute, that was able to manage these wasteland. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were two guards in Guide area, Guide and Suiyang, among which Guide was the commander-in-chief of Henan in the early Ming Dynasty and then the commander-in-chief of China army. Suiyang Wei was located in Suizhou, first in Nanjing, and then in Henan at the beginning of Jingtai.

According to Tao Te Ching (Volume 31) and Introduction to Military Equipment, the total number of loyal ministers who returned to Germany was slightly more than Suiyangwei, which was about one tenth of that of soldiers. In fact, in addition to these additional loyalists, the families and followers of these loyalists also came back to Germany to carry out military wasteland activities. They formed military reclamation immigrants in the military reclamation activities in the early Ming Dynasty, and further stabilized and passed down from generation to generation, that is, military households in the Ming Dynasty. As we all know, military households in Ming Dynasty were different from civilian households, belonging to Jiankangyuan and counties respectively. In the state and county system, Li Jia's household registration should bear Li Jia's official duties and chores; In the health center system, the duty of military households is to undertake military service, which is directly managed by the health center. Because of the ruling policy of the Ming Dynasty, people with different household registration were required to be * * *, and military households were no exception. Once they return to the army, they will follow their profession for generations and will never change their membership.

Military households stationed in military wasteland, on the one hand, bear military obligations from the state, on the other hand, their existence must have certain land support. Therefore, since the Ming Dynasty, the state has allocated land to military households in a fixed proportion for them to cultivate. Therefore, the military households in the Ming Dynasty had to pay taxes to the state while performing military service, mainly the taxes to be paid for land reclamation. According to the Records of Foodstuffs in Volume 77 of Ming History: "The border troops are three points guarding the city and seven points planting; The mainland is divided into two parts and eight parts. " During the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, the tax standard for military reclamation stipulated that "one acre of tax is a bucket", which became one of the main sources of fiscal revenue in the Ming Dynasty. In addition to the garrison troops in active service, there are also city guards guarding the return of Decheng. For example, Gan Long's Guide to Virtue records: "There are * *1543 cavalry infantry, including 42 war horses, 30 patrol soldiers, 20 salt patrol soldiers, 73 craftsmen, 73 quartermaster soldiers, 48 expellers, four soldiers 186 soldiers and 48 supervisors".

There are basically four ways to source the chief officials in Ming Dynasty. According to Military Records II, Volume 90 of Ming History, "the soldiers taken by Wei are from the levy, from the attachment and from the resignation". Conscription is the soldiers of the original peasant uprising army and the anti-Yuan Qunxiong ministries. Join the army, that is, surrender the yuan army. Send troops to exile, that is, officials and soldiers and civilians who are punished for crimes. The army in exile is also called the Enjun or the Immortal Army. In addition to the above three kinds, the fourth kind is the pile army, that is, the army filled with civilian personnel recruited from all over the country, which is the main source of non-commissioned officers in health clinics. Like other parts of the country, the military households of health clinics in Guidefu area in Ming Dynasty mainly came from the army of Kyrgyzstan, and of course there were a few conscripts. In the early Ming Dynasty, the household registration in Germany was mainly divided into two types, one was a civilian household, the other was a military household, and there were also Songzhuang, a captain, Lux, a medical household and craftsmen.